Search found 105 matches
- Wed Mar 14, 2018 10:16 am
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Given Equations [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 462
Given Equations [ENDORSED]
For the test, will be be given the van't hoff equation and the arrhenius equation in the form ln(k2/k1)=Ea/R(1/t1-1/t2)?
- Wed Mar 14, 2018 10:11 am
- Forum: *Enzyme Kinetics
- Topic: 15.67
- Replies: 2
- Views: 927
Re: 15.67
They're using the ratios to see how the rate changes with respect to activation energy. I believe you could have plugged in the actual values given in the problem but simply keeping the Ea as a variable makes the calculation easier.
- Wed Mar 14, 2018 10:09 am
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: steady state and pre equilibrium
- Replies: 2
- Views: 576
Re: steady state and pre equilibrium
The steady state is a much longer approach to finding the correct reaction mechanism. This involves setting the rate of reaction of the intermediate equal to zero and then plugging it into another rate law for another elementary reaction. For preequilibrium the approach is much simpler and simply in...
- Wed Mar 14, 2018 10:06 am
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: question 15.79 b
- Replies: 1
- Views: 521
Re: question 15.79 b
Since this particular reaction is producing product at low temperatures, this means it has a low activation energy, which means that it is under kinetic control as opposed to producing product at high temperatures, which is defined as under thermodynamic control in the problem.
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 4:10 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 14.37
- Replies: 2
- Views: 525
Re: 14.37
Oh wait never mind. If I simplified the balanced equation to stoichiometric coefficients of 1, then the value of n in the Nernst equation changes such that I get the same answer either way. Problem solved :)
- Sun Mar 11, 2018 7:53 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 14.37
- Replies: 2
- Views: 525
14.37
Determine the potential of each of the following cells: a) Pt(s) / H2(g,1.0 bar) / HCl(aq, 0.075 M) // HCl(aq, 1.0M) / H2(g, 1.0 bar) /Pt(s) In the solutions manual, they give the balanced equation as: 2H+ (aq, 1.0M) + H2(g, 1 atm) ----> 2H+ (aq, 0.075M) + H2 (g, 1 atm) If you go on to calculate E(c...
- Thu Mar 08, 2018 9:46 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: 15.65 (c)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 346
Re: 15.65 (c)
In the book it states that the reaction with a higher activation barrier will be more sensitive to changes in temperature therefore raising its k value. For example, an endothermic reaction has a higher activation energy barrier in the forward reaction than in the reverse. This is why adding heat is...
- Wed Mar 07, 2018 7:07 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Reaction Mechanism Problems [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 396
Reaction Mechanism Problems [ENDORSED]
So I noticed that there weren't any homework problems that specifically asked us to calculate out a rate law that matched the overall rate law given by the problem. Most of them had problems that had slow steps whose rate law matched the overall rate law to begin with. For the test, should we expect...
- Wed Mar 07, 2018 7:05 pm
- Forum: Second Order Reactions
- Topic: Half Life for First Order vs Second Order
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1768
Half Life for First Order vs Second Order
On the homework problems, I noticed that for first order half life problems, the solution's manual can count the number of half-lives and multiply that number by the half-life for the reaction. However, for second order problems, it seems like that same operation cannot be carried out. Instead, we m...
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 10:12 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.39b
- Replies: 3
- Views: 555
Re: 15.39b
looking at the reaction***
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 10:11 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.39b
- Replies: 3
- Views: 555
Re: 15.39b
You can't tell if it's first order just by looking at the equation. You can only do so with individual elementary step reactions but not with the total reaction. The order for the net reaction is always experimentally determined which is why it must be given in the problem.
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 10:09 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Chapter 15 #79
- Replies: 1
- Views: 394
Re: Chapter 15 #79
For part a you know that the second product is formed under high temps, so that means a large amount of energy is needed to overcome the energy barrier for the product to form. I am also slightly confused on the wording in part b, but I think the rule is that if you have a low Ea, then kinetic contr...
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 10:02 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: HW 15.23
- Replies: 2
- Views: 508
Re: HW 15.23
In the solutions manual, they were first trying to determine what the concentration of [A]t was before using the first order rate law equation.
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 9:58 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.3 Rate Laws Depending on concentrations of products
- Replies: 3
- Views: 489
Re: 15.3 Rate Laws Depending on concentrations of products
I believe its because the presence of O2 as a product can have a significant impact on the overall reaction rate. This was probably determined experimentally. I'm pretty sure if we are given a problem where we don't have much background info, we can just use reactants for the rate law :)
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 9:55 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Determining overall rate order
- Replies: 3
- Views: 581
Re: Determining overall rate order
I'm pretty sure they do exist for products but the point of a rate law is to simplify the reaction so that we are only studying its rate based on the reactants because the concentration of products could affect the rate of reactant consumption.
- Thu Mar 01, 2018 7:13 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Rate Law [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 436
Rate Law [ENDORSED]
In the book, it simply writes the rate law as rate=k[A][B] for example. But what does the "rate" actually refer to? The reactants? Products? Both? Also, are there going to be any cases where we see a coefficient in the rate law. For example, something like rate=2*k[A][B]. In the book, it i...
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 8:43 pm
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Zero Order Reactions in Real Life [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1341
Re: Zero Order Reactions in Real Life [ENDORSED]
Basically if the reactant is not affecting the rate of the reaction, it is probably due to the presence of a catalyst. If we have an efficient catalyst, then reactions will go faster. If the catalyst is not very good, the reactions will go slower. Both of these observations would be made without reg...
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 8:42 pm
- Forum: Second Order Reactions
- Topic: Half Life
- Replies: 2
- Views: 485
Re: Half Life
Conceptually I am not totally sure but mathematically, the half life of first order reactions only include the term k, which is the reaction constant. I think if you look at how they plot different concentrations of the reactant versus their respective initial reaction rates, you'll notice that they...
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 8:35 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: K2K1/K' Formula
- Replies: 3
- Views: 682
Re: K2K1/K' Formula
I believe it has something to do with simplifying the rate law by assuming that all reactants are in great excess except for one, which will be used to determine the rate of reaction. If something is in great excess, then some time later, it will have minimal change relative to reactants that are in...
- Sat Feb 24, 2018 8:56 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Identifying Oxi/Red Agents [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1048
Re: Identifying Oxi/Red Agents [ENDORSED]
Not sure if there's a rule for it. Because for example we say glucose is "oxidized" in the combustion equation but technically the carbon I believe is being oxidized.
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 3:12 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Identifying Oxi/Red Agents [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1048
Identifying Oxi/Red Agents [ENDORSED]
Okay so I get that species being oxidized are the reducing agents and the same logic goes for the species being reduced. So my question is, if something like S2O3 2- is the reducing agent, is the entire molecule said to be oxidized or do we just say the S in the S2O3 2- is oxidized. Or is both accep...
- Wed Feb 21, 2018 9:55 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.57
- Replies: 2
- Views: 447
Re: 14.57
Yes it's in the appendix but for some reason, the appendix value is different. Maybe the pH influences the standard E, not very sure. I have the same question as well.
- Wed Feb 21, 2018 8:39 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: When to include Pt in cell diagram
- Replies: 2
- Views: 491
Re: When to include Pt in cell diagram
When there is no conducting metal available to carry the electrons. In most cases, you will need the pt electrode when there are only ions involved in the redox rxn.
- Wed Feb 21, 2018 8:39 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell potential
- Replies: 1
- Views: 375
Re: Cell potential
Yea in that case we say that the reverse reaction is favored.
- Mon Feb 19, 2018 10:47 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: 14.33
- Replies: 1
- Views: 425
14.33
Problem: 14.33 (a) The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of Tl3+(aq) is +215 kJ.mol-1 at 25°C. Calculate the standard potential of the Tl3+/Tl couple. (b) Will Tl+ disproportionate in aqueous solution? In the book and in the solutions manual, the Standard Gibbs Free Energy of each half reactio...
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 11:07 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.17
- Replies: 1
- Views: 365
14.17
a) Write balanced half-reactions for the redox reaction of an acidified solution of potassium permanganate and iron(II) chloride. b) Write the balanced equation for the cell reaction and devise a galvanic cell to study the reaction (write its cell diagram). I'm pretty sure that Appendix 2B is needed...
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 10:25 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.15 KOH
- Replies: 2
- Views: 409
Re: 14.15 KOH
Is there a reason why OH- is not included in the right hand side of the cell diagram? Because OH- is included in both half reactions.
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 9:29 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagram [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 808
Re: Cell Diagram [ENDORSED]
Sometimes the only species are available as ions and are separated by commas on one side of the cell diagram. Does it need to be in any particular order? I feel like there are some inconsistencies in the book problems in regards to how they order the ions
- Wed Feb 14, 2018 2:29 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Isothermal system
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1264
Re: Isothermal system
Because the surroundings is basically a vacuum. The system is expanding but there is no heat transfer between the system and the surroundings so the surroundings basically remains unchanged.
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 4:57 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Open System
- Replies: 5
- Views: 968
Re: Open System
Open system is where you can for example actively take reactant or product out of a system. For example, i think a car gas tank can be an open system. You burn the gasoline and you can manually restore the gasoline.
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 2:46 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Heating at Constant Pressure
- Replies: 2
- Views: 487
Re: Heating at Constant Pressure
When it says heating at a constant pressure, it refers to the pressure of the system. However, if it is an open system (such as a flask or test tube), then the pressure of the system is the same as the pressure of the surroundings. Yea I think I understand that a bit better now. I looked online and...
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 12:52 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Heating at Constant Pressure
- Replies: 2
- Views: 487
Heating at Constant Pressure
I'm slightly confused by what the book means when it says heating at constant pressure. Are they referring to the pressure of the system or the pressure of the surroundings (external pressure)? In other words, when you use deltaU=q+w, does q(p) refer to heat transferred when the system is at constan...
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 8:59 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Question about Heat Capacity for Problem 9.13
- Replies: 1
- Views: 390
Question about Heat Capacity for Problem 9.13
During the test of an internal combustion engine, 3.00L of nitrogen gas at 18.5C was compressed suddenly (and irreversibly) to 0.500L by driving in a piston. In the process, the temperature of the gas increased to 28.1C. Assume ideal behavior. What is the change in entropy of the gas. The solution w...
- Fri Feb 09, 2018 7:18 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Deriving Equations for the Midterm [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 357
Deriving Equations for the Midterm [ENDORSED]
Are we going to have to know how to derive all the equations for the midterm?
- Wed Feb 07, 2018 10:57 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Will dissolving a salt in water affect the entropy of the water?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1427
Re: Will dissolving a salt in water affect the entropy of the water?
Well since this is an endothermic process, I believe some heat would be taken away from the water surrounding the salt. But I'm not sure if this value is even important since I would assume the majority of the change of entropy of the dissolution would be calculating the change in positional entropy...
- Wed Feb 07, 2018 4:55 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Temperature Dependence of Entropy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1208
Re: Temperature Dependence of Entropy
The temperature dependent entropy change equation isn't exactly derived from the reversible isothermal work equation. But, it is similar in a sense: to get that equation, we assume that the change in temperature is infinitely small, that the process is isochoric (volume doesn't change). Then, we su...
- Wed Feb 07, 2018 10:31 am
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Temperature Dependence of Entropy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1208
Temperature Dependence of Entropy
When we are calculating the entropy change for a reversible process, I understand that you use the equation deltaS=nRln(V2/V1) at constant temperature. For the equation for temperature dependence, deltaS=nCln(T2/T1), would that be used when the temperature is not constant since the final and intial ...
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 5:05 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 9.65
- Replies: 6
- Views: 792
Re: 9.65
I get how to calculate entropy and enthalpy to see how temperature affects gibbs free energy but doesn't the book have to specify which direction it's going in. In problem 63, it uses the same compounds and asks us to calculate based on its decomposition but in this problem it doesn't specify, and t...
- Fri Feb 02, 2018 2:17 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs “Available” energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 369
Re: Gibbs “Available” energy
I believe when it's under constant pressure and temperature. This has something to do with how we derive Gibbs Free Energy to get deltaG=wmax. It's found on page 355.
- Thu Feb 01, 2018 11:59 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Total Entropy Change
- Replies: 1
- Views: 260
Re: Total Entropy Change
I think if you were to have a free expansion for example, the entropy of the system increases because the volume increases, leading to more possible microstates. However, work is not done on the surroundings because the system is not pushing against any constant pressure. Therefore, the surroundings...
- Thu Feb 01, 2018 11:57 am
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Isothermal Irreversible Expansion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 651
Re: Isothermal Irreversible Expansion
Yes! absolutely. If the system expands fast, and the energy lost by work is replaced by heat, you can have an isothermal reversible expansion. Take in mind that, reversible expansion will do more work overall however (the area under the curve is larger). You mean isothermal irreversible expansion r...
- Wed Jan 31, 2018 6:45 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Isothermal Irreversible Expansion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 651
Isothermal Irreversible Expansion
Is it possible to have an isothermal IRREVERSIBLE expansion? I know that for an isothermal reversible expansion, work done on the surroundings is replaced by heat slowly. However, for an irreversible expansion, I know the expansion is fast but technically can it still be isothermal if enough heat is...
- Sat Jan 27, 2018 10:45 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Non Spontaneous Reaction vs Spontaneous Reverse Reaction
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1401
Re: Non Spontaneous Reaction vs Spontaneous Reverse Reaction
I think you don't really need to think in terms of forward or reverse reactions. Just know that in any reaction, it will tend to proceed in a certain way. If the forward reaction doesn't proceed spontaneously, then I believe it should be spontaneous in the reverse direction.
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 9:42 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: time in equilibrium thermodynamics
- Replies: 1
- Views: 362
Re: time in equilibrium thermodynamics
Yes, I believe time should be included in equilibrium thermodynamics but now we are going into the realm of differential modeling, which takes into account time delays in dynamical systems. #ls30b
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 9:38 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.99 Enthalpies of Formation [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 436
Re: 8.99 Enthalpies of Formation [ENDORSED]
I believe the solution manual says H2 is zero right? The enthalpy of formation for Zn2+ is used because ZnCl2 dissociates into Zn2+ and Cl- ions.
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 9:36 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Question 8.103
- Replies: 1
- Views: 317
Re: Question 8.103
The expression 3/2RT is derived in the section of the textbook that describes the equipartition theorem. If you use this expression, you will automatically get J/mol.
- Wed Jan 17, 2018 7:01 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Homework 8.93b
- Replies: 1
- Views: 287
Re: Homework 8.93b
I think it's because at 25 degrees Celsius, H2O would be in the liquid state.
- Wed Jan 17, 2018 7:00 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Free Expansion
- Replies: 2
- Views: 339
Re: Free Expansion
Free expansion happens when there is no change in volume or when a reaction, for example, is taking place in a vacuum (no pressure, so P=0).
- Tue Jan 16, 2018 8:58 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: internal energy
- Replies: 5
- Views: 608
Re: internal energy
deltaU=q+w
- Tue Jan 16, 2018 8:55 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: 8.49
- Replies: 1
- Views: 333
Re: 8.49
I believe it's negative since you have a positive net moles of gas produced. Therefore you are doing work on the surroundings so it's negative :)
- Mon Jan 15, 2018 10:33 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Ch. 8 #57
- Replies: 1
- Views: 1331
Re: Ch. 8 #57
Here, they give you the enthalpy of combustion, so first you would have to write combustion equations for each of the molecules they give you. But do so for one mole of each combustible. C2H2 + 5/2O2 ----> 2CO2 + H2O C2H6 + 7/2O2 ----> 2CO2 + 3H2O H2 + 1/2O2 ----> 2 H2-=O Rearrange the equations for...
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 9:28 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Question 8.43
- Replies: 1
- Views: 260
Re: Question 8.43
Analyze the slopes and heat capacities of the curve. The heat capacity for liquid is double that of solid. Therefore, the flat line for vaporization should be twice as long as the flat line for fusion. Since liquid has a higher heat capacity, it's rising slope should also be less steep than those of...
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 7:44 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Homework Question 8.63 (c)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 364
Re: Homework Question 8.63 (c)
Smh tomato. Check solution manual errors.
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 4:41 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Specific Heat
- Replies: 2
- Views: 313
Re: Specific Heat
I think you can just rearrange the equation, q=mc(deltaT) to get c=q/(m*deltaT)
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 2:24 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: application of PV=nRT
- Replies: 3
- Views: 479
Re: application of PV=nRT
I think heat should still be calculated with q=mc(deltaT). The only difference with these ideal gases is that the heat capacities could be any of those found on page 281. I'm not entirely sure if this is what you're referring to though.
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 1:41 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: HW 8.45 (b)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 249
Re: HW 8.45 (b)
The enthalpy change given is for every four moles of carbon reacted so that's why you must include that in your stoichiometric calculations :)
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 1:37 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Calorimeter
- Replies: 1
- Views: 277
Re: Calorimeter
It's referring to the calorimeter. In this case, internal energy would be negative because heat is given off by the reaction. And because the system is at constant volume, deltaU is equal to q. :)
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 1:31 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Formation
- Replies: 3
- Views: 293
Re: Formation
You can tell by looking at the periodic table or by just noticing that certain elements like oxygen are always written as O2(gas) because realistically we never have oxygen (O) by itself in nature since it would be too reactive to stay that way :)
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 1:30 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Bomb Calorimeter
- Replies: 2
- Views: 300
Re: Bomb Calorimeter
Bomb calorimeter is basically a system where a reaction takes place at constant volume. Since volume is constant, then change in internal energy (deltaU) would be equal to just q since deltaV is zero.
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 10:23 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Specific heat capacity vs molar heat capacity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 620
Re: Specific heat capacity vs molar heat capacity
I believe so!
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 10:22 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: dU=0 for expansion and compression of an ideal gas
- Replies: 1
- Views: 289
Re: dU=0 for expansion and compression of an ideal gas
I believe it's delta zero given that you are referring to isothermal expansion/compression of an ideal gas. This means that any work done to move the piston inwards or outwards is restored by heat flow. This makes sense because if deltaU= q + w = 0, then you have q = - w, which basically means the p...
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 9:45 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: constant pressure
- Replies: 3
- Views: 408
Re: constant pressure
I think what it means is that chemical reactions may produce a net mol of gas which means there is expansion. If there is expansion, then you would have a nonzero value for deltaV and therefore you would also have a nonzero value for work. I'm confused on that as well :(
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 9:43 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Question 8.31a on homework
- Replies: 1
- Views: 234
Re: Question 8.31a on homework
It is the heat capacity of monatomic ideal gases at constant pressure. Constants are found on page 281. I believe you calculate heat with q=(mol of substance)(heat capacity=5/2R)(temp change). :)
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 9:39 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Sublimation of Carbon with Resonance
- Replies: 1
- Views: 271
Re: Sublimation of Carbon with Resonance
For benzene without resonance, you would use a bond enthalpy for C single bonded to C and a bond enthalpy for C double bonded to C. However, with resonance, you have a blend of both single and double bond character which means realistically you wouldn't use two distinct enthalpy values for C C bonds...
- Mon Jan 08, 2018 7:17 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Extra Chapter Covered in Dr. Lavelle's Class
- Replies: 4
- Views: 554
Re: Extra Chapter Covered in Dr. Lavelle's Class
Which chapter?
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 7:51 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: if [H3O+] is less than 10^-7
- Replies: 1
- Views: 1163
Re: if [H3O+] is less than 10^-7
By definition, autoprotolysis generates 10^-7 in concentration for hydronium. When we add such a tiny amount of acid, the amount of hydronium it produces may be so minute as to say perhaps 10^-15. However, when we calculate pH, we get something greater than 7 which cannot be possible because we are ...
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 7:48 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Direction of the equilibrium [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 3281
Re: Direction of the equilibrium [ENDORSED]
Most of the time, you just need to calculate Q when there are concentrations on both sides because we wouldn't know for sure which direction to go. However, if only one side of the equation has given concentrations, you can assume the other side is zero, so always shift in that direction.
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 7:47 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Test 2 #5
- Replies: 3
- Views: 535
Re: Test 2 #5
Calculate the difference in energy, deltaE.
Then apply E=hv and solve for v to get the frequency :)
Then apply E=hv and solve for v to get the frequency :)
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 7:09 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: Bigger or Smaller Acidity Constant in Cations?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 472
Re: Bigger or Smaller Acidity Constant in Cations?
Ka would be smaller. The smaller 2+ charge yields less interaction with the oxygen lone pair so the resulting conjugate base would be less stable than that of [Fe(H2O)6]3+
Hope that answers your question :)
Hope that answers your question :)
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 7:03 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: What tables should we know from the book?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 724
Re: What tables should we know from the book?
605011646 wrote:This isn't something to memorize, but Lavelle did mention in class that the acid rain problems in the TB were worth doing too...
Dr. Lavelle didn't really cover it in class so what aspect of acid rain is he talking about. Like the first deprotonation of H2SO4?
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 1:36 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: HI vs HOI
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1289
Re: HI vs HOI
So this isn't a hw question, but this is more from the lecture notes. Why is HI a really strong acid, and HOI not as strong? I understand that HI has a long bond length and is long, and I understand that having more oxygens stabilizes the resulting anion. However, when combining these concepts, it ...
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 1:26 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: HI vs HOI
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1289
Re: HI vs HOI
I think this is a topic discussed in 14C. It has to do with the distance between the halogen and hydrogen atom in oxoacids versus binary acids. However, when comparing just HI and HOI alone, I'm not entirely sure how that is determined. Probably we have to look at the pKa's.
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 1:21 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Drawing resonance when comparing acid strength
- Replies: 1
- Views: 886
Re: Drawing resonance when comparing acid strength
Aye fam! Nah that wouldn't be necessary cuz you just have to recognize that more oxygens would better stabilize the conjugate base, making the acid stronger. You don't need to do resonance anyways as long as you recognize that the double bond character is spread out evenly over the entire molecule. ...
- Fri Dec 08, 2017 5:23 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Lewis Structures
- Replies: 2
- Views: 306
Re: Lewis Structures
Yes it is one electron short of completing the octet
- Thu Dec 07, 2017 10:59 am
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: 12.115
- Replies: 4
- Views: 468
Re: 12.115
You can think of it in terms of Le Chatelier's Principle. When nitrous acid is dissolved, it produces a weaker conjugate base than that of acetic acid. This means that the conjugate base of acetic acid is better at eating all the hydronium ions (in the solutions manual, it says H+, not sure if they'...
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 6:39 pm
- Forum: Calculating the pH of Salt Solutions
- Topic: Determining Number of Water Molecules Liganded to a Transition Metal Ion
- Replies: 1
- Views: 403
Re: Determining Number of Water Molecules Liganded to a Transition Metal Ion
I think there's six water molecules attached to the TM because an expanded octet makes the compound more stable. Not entirely sure though.
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 6:38 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: 5% rule
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1217
Re: 5% rule
Basically it's used to determine whether or not you can use approximation when solving for x in an ice table. For example, if the percent deprotonation is less than 5, then it is okay to write for example in the denominator that 0.1-x is essentially 0.1.
- Tue Nov 28, 2017 7:26 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.59
- Replies: 2
- Views: 910
Re: 11.59
Calculate Q first to see which direction the reaction would go in. Then do an icebox calculation and set your equilibrium concentrations equal to k. Solve for x and plug those values back into the equilibrium concentrations.
- Tue Nov 28, 2017 7:24 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: 4.91
- Replies: 2
- Views: 425
Re: 4.91
Part b should be in the answer manual. Basically, when the carbon atom has two regions of electron density, it is sp hybridized. Therefore, its desired bond angle would want to be 180 degrees. However, the bond angle about the carbon has been strained so that it has a bond angle of 120 degrees. It i...
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 6:33 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Polydentate and chelate
- Replies: 1
- Views: 305
Re: Polydentate and chelate
A polydentate can bind to multiple sites on the central atom. A chelate is a complex containing a ligand that forms a ring of atoms including the central atom. So a polydentate can be a chelate at the same time. I believe en itself is a ligand so since you have three of them and each is a bidentate,...
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 6:26 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Effect of Adding Reactants (11.1)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 291
Re: Effect of Adding Reactants (11.1)
I think this is actually related to the le chatelier's principle which is beyond 11.8. When you have a greater concentration of reactant, for example, more product will be produced to "minimize the effect of the stress" to maintain the same Kc value.
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 12:57 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Non-equilibirum situations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 468
Re: Non-equilibirum situations
Calculate Q :)
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 10:12 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.11
- Replies: 3
- Views: 733
Re: 11.11
I did that problem too and got confused. I think it's cuz you want to focus on the ratio of O2 raised to its nonzero coefficient to O3 raised to its nonzero coefficient. This ratio would never change because this produces the value Kc but that doesn't necessarily mean that the ratio of O2 to O3 woul...
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 10:08 pm
- Forum: Sigma & Pi Bonds
- Topic: Sigma and Pi Bonds
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1089
Re: Sigma and Pi Bonds
A sigma bond is a direct overlap, whereas pi bonds overlap side by side on both sides of an internuclear axis. I don't believe there is a way for two atoms to directly overlap their orbitals two times. Pi bonds can because you can have two sets of pi bonds perpendicular to each other.
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 10:06 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bond Angles
- Replies: 2
- Views: 400
Re: Bond Angles
Just look at the electron arrangement for the atom and assume that it will be slightly less than the bond angles for that particular arrangement. For example, water has a bent shape but it's electron arrangement is tetrahedral. Therefore, we would assume that it's slightly less than 109.5.
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 10:04 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Electron Promotion
- Replies: 1
- Views: 394
Re: Electron Promotion
Are you talking about hybridization. If so, I believe TM can since they can hybridize to have sp3d2 orbitals since many of them can form coordination complexes.
- Thu Nov 23, 2017 10:55 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Hybridization of Single Bonded Oxygen
- Replies: 1
- Views: 454
Hybridization of Single Bonded Oxygen
Hey,
Just wondering if anyone knows if a single bonded oxygen is hybridized. My TA said it's not but I just wanted to confirm. Thx!
Just wondering if anyone knows if a single bonded oxygen is hybridized. My TA said it's not but I just wanted to confirm. Thx!
- Thu Nov 23, 2017 10:53 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Homework 4.23
- Replies: 1
- Views: 350
Re: Homework 4.23
Yes, it just wanted to emphasize that even if you changed the single bond between the oxygen and the Sb to a double bond, the shape would not change.
- Thu Nov 23, 2017 7:31 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Equilibrium Composition
- Replies: 4
- Views: 696
Re: Equilibrium Composition
I believe you approximate when you know the Kc value is really small, meaning any change "x" would be negligible, though it wouldn't be equal to zero. Is this what you are talking about?
- Thu Nov 23, 2017 5:29 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Why is CH2Cl2 polar and CCl4 is nonpolar?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 59619
Re: Why is CH2Cl2 polar and CCl4 is nonpolar?
The shape for ch2cl2 is tetrahedral. The lewis structure drawing is really misleading because it makes you think that the chlorine atoms are directly opposite from each other on a 1D surface. In reality though, the angles are 109.5 degrees so wherever you place the chlorine atoms, they will always b...
- Thu Nov 23, 2017 5:24 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Solids when using ICE [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 8
- Views: 3394
Re: Solids when using ICE [ENDORSED]
I believe so since you don't have any concentration of solids in the first place.
- Thu Nov 16, 2017 8:59 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: SiO2
- Replies: 4
- Views: 6139
Re: SiO2
Lol got the same question wrong on the midterm if that's what you're asking about. The bonds themselves are polar. The molecular overall however is nonpolar. Since the test was covering chapters 1 through 3, you shouldn't have used the idea that dipoles can cancel each other out. That was taught in ...
- Thu Nov 16, 2017 8:56 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Lone pairs effect hybridization
- Replies: 3
- Views: 410
Re: Lone pairs effect hybridization
Yes you must take the lone pairs into consideration. When there are more than 5 bonding regions, let's just say 6, then you would have a hybridization of sp3d2. I don't think you will run into many situations where there are 7 bonding regions but if there are im guessing you would increase the numbe...
- Fri Nov 10, 2017 11:23 am
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Stability/ Midterm [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 558
Re: Stability/ Midterm [ENDORSED]
Yes lowest energy is when the formal charges are closest to zero. In the midterm i believe that the structures all had formal charges of zero for every element, including the radical for the carbon. But in any case, it's too late to change anything anyways so welp
- Fri Nov 10, 2017 11:21 am
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: principal quantum number
- Replies: 2
- Views: 603
Re: principal quantum number
n denotes the energy of the shell so it would correlate to the period of the periodic table. d and f would be l values which which is not the same thing as the "nth" period. In the case of d, electrons will fill the orbitals lagging one period behind the s orbitals. For f, electrons will f...
- Thu Nov 02, 2017 2:20 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Sulfate Ion
- Replies: 4
- Views: 633
Re: Sulfate Ion
If you were to calculate the formal charge of the sulfur in this Lewis structure, you would get a formal charge of 0, which is favorable.
- Thu Nov 02, 2017 2:18 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: 3.19 e
- Replies: 2
- Views: 588
Re: 3.19 e
When getting the +2 oxidation state, you would want to remove the outermost electrons which would be in the 4s orbitals. Hope that helps!
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 1:23 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: f-block
- Replies: 3
- Views: 538
Re: f-block
The f block starts filling 2 blocks behind. It also goes in an irregular order since the energy differences between the higher principal quantum numbers get smaller and smaller. Therefore, there is a greater variation in electronic configuration with negligible deviations in energy from configuratio...
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 1:19 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Magnetic Quantum Number
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1544
Re: Magnetic Quantum Number
The magnetic quantum number refers to the different orbitals of a sub-shell (for example, the p x , p y , and p z orbitals). It is different from the angular momentum quantum number (l) that only describes whether it's s, p, d, or f. ml can take on the positive and negative values of l. For example...
- Thu Oct 19, 2017 1:14 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Can we use formula E=mv^2 to calculate the total energy?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 520
Re: Can we use formula E=mv^2 to calculate the total energy?
I think it could be used but if the "velocity" of the work function is not given (I haven't seen a problem that gives velocity as part of a work function) then maybe it's not valid. I also know that photons have no rest mass so I don't know what you would put for "m".