Search found 50 matches
- Fri Mar 16, 2018 3:12 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Reducing Power
- Replies: 5
- Views: 627
Re: Reducing Power
Also, I think it's helpful to remember that standard potentials are based on a cell with the hydrogen reaction as the anode. So if E>0, then the species is oxidizing the hydrogen electrode (since the species gets reduced). It E<0, then the forward reaction is not spontaneous, so the species is being...
- Fri Mar 16, 2018 3:04 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Reducing Power
- Replies: 5
- Views: 627
Re: Reducing Power
It's based on the table of standard potentials! If you want the species with highest reducing power, you want the species itself to be the most easily oxidized. That means in order of standard potentials, you order species most positive to least positive (most negative).
- Fri Mar 16, 2018 3:01 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Test 2 Calculating standard potential #7
- Replies: 2
- Views: 562
Re: Test 2 Calculating standard potential #7
I used this method! I got points on the calculations for deltaG(1) and (2), but then I am confused about the final calculation for the standard potential. I added the two values, then divided by -(12mol)*(96485C/mol). I got -0.01V. How can I correct this?
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 8:52 am
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Half Lives? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1208
Half Lives? [ENDORSED]
Is it accurate to use half lives for questions that say something like 1/4 of the reactant is remaining?
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 8:51 am
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Negative k? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1083
Negative k? [ENDORSED]
Is it possible for k to be negative for any order reaction?
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 8:49 am
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Negative Order
- Replies: 7
- Views: 15707
Negative Order
After you determine what order the reaction is with respect to each reactant, what does it mean conceptually when you get a negative order?
- Thu Mar 01, 2018 5:58 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Basic Cell Diagram
- Replies: 1
- Views: 283
Basic Cell Diagram
How do you indicate that the reaction occurs in basic conditions for a cell diagram?
- Thu Mar 01, 2018 5:58 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Acidic Cell Diagram
- Replies: 1
- Views: 278
Acidic Cell Diagram
How do you know which side to put H+ on?
- Thu Mar 01, 2018 5:57 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: One Reactant
- Replies: 2
- Views: 339
One Reactant
If there's a single reactant, how do you know which part is the reducing agent and which is the oxidizing agent?
- Sun Feb 25, 2018 10:03 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Cell Potential
- Replies: 4
- Views: 592
Cell Potential
Why is the reduction potential for hydrogen 0?
- Sun Feb 25, 2018 9:57 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Dissolving [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 543
Dissolving [ENDORSED]
How do you know if a metal will dissolve in solution?
- Sun Feb 25, 2018 9:56 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Order of Same State Molecules
- Replies: 4
- Views: 564
Order of Same State Molecules
How do you organize stuff when they're in the same state in a cell diagram? Like oxidized, reduced?
- Thu Feb 15, 2018 3:51 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Isothermal
- Replies: 2
- Views: 465
Isothermal
Why does an isothermal reaction have no change in internal energy?
- Thu Feb 15, 2018 3:50 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Standard Gibbs Free Energy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 482
Standard Gibbs Free Energy
Can it be considered standard Gibbs free energy if it is given for a temperature other than 25C?
- Thu Feb 15, 2018 3:48 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Factors Affecting Entropy
- Replies: 4
- Views: 3909
Factors Affecting Entropy
So I know that physical states (gas>liquid>solid) affect entropy and molecular size affect entropy (larger means more entropy), but which has more of an effect? As in would a heavy liquid or a light gas have more entropy?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 1:00 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Pressure
- Replies: 3
- Views: 548
Pressure
Why don't changes in pressure affect change in work?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 12:57 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Carbon as graphite [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 849
Re: Carbon as graphite [ENDORSED]
When using C(gr) to solve for reaction enthalpies using the bond enthalpy method, why would you add the atomization or sublimation of carbon (+717kj/mol)?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 12:54 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Bonds Broken - Bonds Formed?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2236
Re: Bonds Broken - Bonds Formed?
It helps to remember that atoms are more stable when they form bonds, so forming bonds releases energy (exothermic), while breaking them and returning them to a less stable state requires energy (endothermic).
- Sat Feb 03, 2018 9:16 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Why does an exothermic process lead to an increase in entropy?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 439
Re: Why does an exothermic process lead to an increase in entropy?
Additionally, when exothermic processes release heat, the number of microstates for the surroundings is increased, so entropy still goes up! The second law of thermodynamics stays true.
- Sat Feb 03, 2018 9:13 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Isolated
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1104
Isolated
How can an isolated system have a change in temperature but no heat transfer since isolated means no energy or matter exchanged with the surroundings?
- Sat Feb 03, 2018 9:11 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: ΔS(universe)
- Replies: 6
- Views: 904
Re: ΔS(universe)
snehabhargava wrote:The change in entropy of the universe is the same always.
Wait how can this be true? I think my TA said that delta S can be zero for reactions at equilibrium or something like that?
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 1:14 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Bomb calorimeter
- Replies: 7
- Views: 814
Re: Bomb calorimeter
Also, the purpose of a bomb calorimeter being an isolated system is so that heat is not lost to the environment and q rxn can be calculated as negative q calorimeter!
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 1:08 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.57 Hess's Law [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 954
8.57 Hess's Law [ENDORSED]
How do you find deltaH given enthalpies of combustion? I checked with the solution manual and I was confused about its setup of writing out all the combustion equations and then rearranging them to get the final equation so I keep getting positive 312kj/mol instead of negative.
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 12:59 am
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Week 3 Test Topic is endorsed
- Replies: 37
- Views: 4909
Re: Week 3 Test Topic is endorsed
what is an example of a conceptual question in terms of internal energy? I think for example he could give you a scenario where the walls between the system and the surroundings are adiabatic. Then, it could be true/false for a series of things like: q=0 True q>0 False delta U = w True delta U = q ...
- Sat Jan 20, 2018 2:49 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Change in Internal Energy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 368
Change in Internal Energy
When you compress a system, is that considered the system doing work or work being done on the system? How does that affect internal energy and how can I remember?
- Sat Jan 20, 2018 2:46 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Confusion About One of the Answers to an Example Done in Lecture
- Replies: 2
- Views: 336
Re: Confusion About One of the Answers to an Example Done in Lecture
To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, you just need to add 273.15, so that's why!
- Sat Jan 20, 2018 2:45 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Enthalpy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 336
Enthalpy
Why is enthalpy related to heat under constant pressure but not constant volume? What is the difference between enthalpy and heat in general?
- Sun Jan 14, 2018 12:29 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Heat and work not state functions
- Replies: 7
- Views: 927
Re: Heat and work not state functions
Are there any other path functions we should know?
- Sun Jan 14, 2018 12:28 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Extensive vs Intensive
- Replies: 2
- Views: 355
Extensive vs Intensive
What is the difference between these two and are there any shortcuts to remember?
- Sun Jan 14, 2018 12:27 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Hess's Law: Method 1
- Replies: 3
- Views: 404
Re: Hess's Law: Method 1
I think we used enthalpy changes of each step and added them together to demonstrate that enthalpy of a net reaction is additive.
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 5:54 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.25 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 263
Re: 11.25 [ENDORSED]
Also when you write partial pressures, you don't need the brackets because those indicate concentration!
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 5:52 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Factors Affecting K [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 453
Factors Affecting K [ENDORSED]
Why don't changes in pressure alter the equilibrium constant?
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 4:26 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.63
- Replies: 1
- Views: 197
Re: 11.63
The cutoff value is 10^-3 when determining if the reaction tends toward reactants.
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 4:23 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Units
- Replies: 1
- Views: 271
Units
Why can units be ignored during equilibrium constant calculations? Can equilibrium constants still be determined for a system with both solutes and gases?
- Wed Nov 22, 2017 2:32 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Significance of hybridization
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2448
Re: Significance of hybridization
There is also conservation of orbitals. Even when carbon orbitals are hybridized into sp or sp2, there are 2 and 1 p orbitals left over, respectively. The total number of orbitals following hybridization stays the same.
- Wed Nov 22, 2017 2:30 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Hypervalent Hybridization
- Replies: 2
- Views: 422
Hypervalent Hybridization
How do we visualize the hybridization of something like the sulfur in SO4 2-?
- Thu Nov 16, 2017 1:50 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: T-shape
- Replies: 2
- Views: 491
Re: T-shape
One example of T-shape is AX3E2, which has a structure of trigonal bipyramidal, so the lone pairs always go on the equatorial plane because they are separated from the bonded atoms by 90 and 120 degrees. If the lone pairs went on the axial plane, it would only be separated by 90 degrees which is uns...
- Thu Nov 16, 2017 1:47 am
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: Benzene Bond Order
- Replies: 1
- Views: 310
Benzene Bond Order
So in class we discussed how bond order is the average of the bonds because electrons are delocalized. For benzene, is 1.5 the correct bond order? (I divided 6 sigma bonds and 3 pi bonds by 6 carbons to get 1.5 between each carbon)
- Sat Nov 11, 2017 1:48 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Isoelectronic [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1584
Isoelectronic [ENDORSED]
Are Be2+ and Li+ considered isoelectronic to F-?
- Sat Nov 11, 2017 1:46 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: HOCO [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 568
Re: HOCO [ENDORSED]
To determine the Lewis structure for HOCO, I first counted the electrons to get 17. Then, I linked single bonds so the structure looked like H-O-C-O. I added a double bond between C and the second O and then filled in 2 lone pairs for each oxygen. At this point, 16 electrons have been filled in and ...
- Mon Oct 30, 2017 2:48 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron Affinity
- Replies: 4
- Views: 648
Electron Affinity
How do we remember the trend for electron affinity if it doesn't really seem to follow the periodic table? For example, I know that higher electron affinities are usually toward the top right of the table, but chlorine and fluorine already contradict that.
- Mon Oct 30, 2017 11:14 am
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: +/- x meters ? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 488
Re: +/- x meters ? [ENDORSED]
This is also true for uncertainty in speed! On example 1.7, it shows you that you need to double the uncertainty because it is given as +/- 1.0 m/s, so when you plug it into the Heisenberg equation, it should be 2.0 m/s.
- Wed Oct 25, 2017 7:35 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: 4s and 3d
- Replies: 2
- Views: 498
4s and 3d
Why are electrons removed from the 4s orbital first if it is a lower energy and is filled before the 3d orbital is?
- Wed Oct 25, 2017 7:33 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Ionization Energy [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 789
Re: Ionization Energy [ENDORSED]
To rephrase, ionization energy is the energy an atom needs to form an ion. Ionization energies are specific to elements, but they get higher each successive electron removal because of shielding. After the first electron is removed, all the other electrons experience a stronger pull, so the second i...
- Mon Oct 23, 2017 2:35 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Wave Function Solutions
- Replies: 1
- Views: 175
Wave Function Solutions
I remember in class that a complete set of quantum numbers (n, l, ml) is the solution to the wave function, but how do we visualize what that means without the actual equation? Do we have to know the equation or just understand that it models the electron density of an atom?
- Mon Oct 23, 2017 2:33 am
- Forum: *Shrodinger Equation
- Topic: Double derivative [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 734
Re: Double derivative [ENDORSED]
For the wave function, the double derivative helps you understand how either side is related to each other. Because psi is returned on the right side after the equation is performed, you can relate this concept to the way (for example) sinx would return -sinx after you derive it twice. Though the or...
- Fri Oct 13, 2017 8:09 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Atomic Spectroscopy vs Photoelectric Effect
- Replies: 3
- Views: 581
Atomic Spectroscopy vs Photoelectric Effect
I know that the aim of atomic spectroscopy is to measure the energy emitted or absorbed by monitoring photons, and the photoelectric effect studies the kinetic energy contained by electrons after incident light exceeds the work function. Why doesn't the energy added to the atom in atomic spectroscop...
- Fri Oct 13, 2017 8:05 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Wave Properties of Electrons
- Replies: 3
- Views: 478
Re: Wave Properties of Electrons
Diffraction is when wavelengths of light encounter a narrow opening, and they spread out. This is accompanied by interference if there are multiple narrow openings, causing the new curved wavelengths to hit each other. Destructive interference occurs when the waves are out of phase, or not perfectly...
- Sat Oct 07, 2017 9:58 pm
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: F11 part B [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 425
F11 part B [ENDORSED]
This problem gives percentages anyway, but if a problem were to give me amounts in grams, could I convert to moles and find a ratio that way? Why does the book teach us to find mass percentages and then use a sample mass of 100g?
- Sat Oct 07, 2017 9:49 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Dimensional Analysis/ Unit conversion [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1642
Re: Dimensional Analysis/ Unit conversion [ENDORSED]
My TA showed us this method for dimensional analysis called a ladder! You can easily convert to different units by writing out your "given," and then matching conversion units to it by just writing the units so that they cancel out. Every unit should cancel out diagonally if you match all ...