Search found 54 matches
- Sat Mar 17, 2018 5:26 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagram, similar phase ordering
- Replies: 1
- Views: 317
Re: Cell Diagram, similar phase ordering
I don't believe that it matters since it is in the same state on the correct side of the reaction, but it is more conventional because you would be writing them in the order that it appears in the reaction. Electrode written to the left of the salt bridge in cell notation is always the anode, and th...
- Sat Mar 17, 2018 5:22 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: salt bridge and porous disks
- Replies: 1
- Views: 381
Re: salt bridge and porous disks
The cations (positive ions) flow toward the cathode to replace the cations that are being picked up at the electrode. The anions (negative ions) flow toward the anode to balance the positive charge of the cations that are released from the electrode. So, both flow so that the net charge is maintaine...
- Fri Mar 16, 2018 4:15 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.23
- Replies: 3
- Views: 710
Re: 14.23
Part a doesn't have platinum on the oxidation side because liquid mercury (Hg) can also be used as an electrode.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 11:38 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Finding k [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 751
Re: Finding k [ENDORSED]
For more explanation, you should go to https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Experimental_Methods/Methods_of_Determining_Reaction_Order and scroll down to Example 4, where the site goes through the strategies and solutions to finding reaction order and rate con...
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 11:35 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Kinetic information [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 469
Re: Kinetic information [ENDORSED]
So, the reaction mechanism describes the sequence of elementary reactions that must occur to go from reactants to products. Reaction intermediates are formed in one step and then consumed in a later step of the reaction mechanism (can be used in faster steps that are not shown), which kinetic inform...
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 11:32 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Negative Order
- Replies: 7
- Views: 15697
Re: Negative Order
A reaction rate can have a negative partial order with respect to a substance. For example, the conversion of ozone (O3) to oxygen follows the rate equation (rate = k[O3]^2/[O2]) in an excess of oxygen. This corresponds to second order in ozone and order (-1) with respect to oxygen. When a partial o...
- Sat Mar 03, 2018 2:27 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Half Life
- Replies: 3
- Views: 460
Re: Half Life
You can also see a Rate Law Summary in Table 15.2 in the book, and it shows a comparison of all three rate laws to see how they are related.
- Sat Mar 03, 2018 2:13 pm
- Forum: Second Order Reactions
- Topic: Example?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 594
Re: Example?
This is an intermediate reaction of another reaction, but it is still second order:
O + H2O → 2 OH
A common product of combustion is water, and reacts with all the loose oxygen atoms produced in other reactions to form hydroxides.
O + H2O → 2 OH
A common product of combustion is water, and reacts with all the loose oxygen atoms produced in other reactions to form hydroxides.
- Sat Mar 03, 2018 2:10 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Differential vs Integrated [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 374
Re: Differential vs Integrated [ENDORSED]
Differential rate laws express the rate of reaction as a function of a change in the concentration of one or more reactants over a particular period of time while integrated rate laws express the reaction rate as a function of the initial concentration and an actual concentration of one or more reac...
- Sat Feb 24, 2018 3:50 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Galvanic vs electrochemical [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 390
Re: Galvanic vs electrochemical [ENDORSED]
A galvanic cell IS an electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous chemical reaction is used to generate an electric current. The formal definition of an electrochemical cell is a device in which an electric current is either produced by a spontaneous chemical reaction or used to bring about a nonspo...
- Sat Feb 24, 2018 3:39 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 14.25
- Replies: 3
- Views: 459
Re: 14.25
I believe that you want to compare them when they are all in the same oxidation state, and for this part, they are all in the 2+ state.
- Sat Feb 24, 2018 3:27 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.15c [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 485
Re: 14.15c [ENDORSED]
Yeah, same as the two above - I believe it came from the solution since OH- is needed for the reaction
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 10:01 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Nernst equation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 732
Re: Nernst equation
For further explanation: E(cell) = electrical potential of the cell E(cell) = electrical potential of the cell under standard conditions R = universal gas constant T = temperature in kelvin n = the number of electrons transferred in the reaction (from balanced equation) F = Faraday’s constant (96,50...
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 9:54 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: H+ vs H2
- Replies: 3
- Views: 632
Re: H+ vs H2
H+ is also used to calculate the pH of the system, which can also be asked for in a problem. So H+ (can also be H3O+, the hydronium ion), is used instead of H2 because H2 is a neutral molecule.
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 9:52 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Basic v Acidic
- Replies: 2
- Views: 359
Re: Basic v Acidic
Yes exactly what Julian said above! Most of the time you’ll just assume acidic conditions, but it is usually explicitly stated. Just make sure that you use H2O to balance both conditions when adding OH- or H+ and you’ll be fine!
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 9:48 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: n
- Replies: 3
- Views: 505
Re: n
So the Nernst Equation is derived from the Gibbs free energy equation under standard conditions. E°(total) = E°(reduction)−E°(oxidation) can be related to ΔG° = -nFE, where n = the number of electrons transferred in the reaction (from balanced chemical equation), F = the Faraday constant (96,500 C/m...
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 1:32 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: cat/anions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 407
Re: cat/anions
So in a salt bridge, cations flow toward the cathode to replace the cations that are being picked up at the electrode; anions flow toward the anode to balance the positive charge of the cations that are released from the electrode.
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 1:29 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: 8.103
- Replies: 2
- Views: 575
Re: 8.103
I think we should know how to use it if it comes up just to be safe, but I don't believe that we will have to memorize it. I checked the outline on his website as well, and the equation (3/2)RT is not on there either.
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 1:09 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: 9.13
- Replies: 2
- Views: 319
Re: 9.13
We assume that it is 1 mol of gas because that is a characteristic of ideal behavior.
- Fri Feb 02, 2018 11:21 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs “Available” energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 367
Re: Gibbs “Available” energy
According to the original definition, Gibbs defines “available energy” as “the greatest amount of mechanical work which can be obtained from a given quantity of a certain substance in a given initial state, without increasing its total volume or allowing heat to pass to or from external bodies, exce...
- Fri Feb 02, 2018 10:44 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Exergonic [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 680
Re: Exergonic [ENDORSED]
All exergonic reactions occur spontaneously, meaning that no outside energy is required for them to start. Another common example of an exergonic reaction is mixing sodium and chlorine to make table salt.
- Fri Feb 02, 2018 10:33 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Nonspontaneous processes
- Replies: 2
- Views: 478
Re: Nonspontaneous processes
An endergonic reaction (aka a nonspontaneous reaction) is one in which the standard change in free energy is positive and energy (in the form of work, heat, etc) is absorbed.
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 10:35 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Refresher on sig figs
- Replies: 3
- Views: 499
Re: Refresher on sig figs
I think that this question has 6 s/f in the answer because it is using exact values from the appendix. In this case, s/f doesn’t really matter because they are giving you the values - you don’t have to calculate them yourself.
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 10:16 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Combustion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 491
Re: Combustion
Water is usually shown in its liquid state because the combustion reactions produce steam, which then condenses to become liquid water/release heat.
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 10:06 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Iron Rusting: Exo or Endo? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 12909
Re: Iron Rusting: Exo or Endo? [ENDORSED]
The process of rusting is a slow oxidation of Fe by oxygen, producing iron oxide by forming new bonds. The formation of bonds releases heat, making it an exothermic reaction.
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 2:05 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Calorimeter
- Replies: 5
- Views: 588
Re: Calorimeter
You can use the equation multiple ways for a calorimeter problem, but the most used way by calculating heat, Q. You use the equation Q = m * c * delta(T), where m is the mass of water, c represents the heat capacity of water, or 4.184 joules per gram per degree Celsius, J/gC, and delta(T) represents...
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 1:58 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: HW question
- Replies: 5
- Views: 524
Re: HW question
Yes! The TA's or Lavelle will usually specify which chapters they want hw problems from, but since we have only done Chapter 8 so far, that is the chapter that they expect problems from.
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 1:56 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Heat Capacity
- Replies: 6
- Views: 776
Re: Heat Capacity
Just remember to convert to the correct units whenever it is asked for in a problem and you'll be fine!
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 1:42 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Hess Law
- Replies: 4
- Views: 375
Re: Hess Law
For more clarification, Hess's Law essentially states that the energy of a chemical reaction is the same regardless of the number of steps needed/reaction mechanism.
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 6:31 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Enthalpy is a state property
- Replies: 13
- Views: 1883
Re: Enthalpy is a state property
Just to add on, heat AND work are both path functions.
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 6:18 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Can homework be written in pencil?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 618
Re: Can homework be written in pencil?
I believe so! Last quarter my TA for this class accepted it in both pen and pencil, but it would probably be best to ask and make sure
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 1:32 am
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Hw 11.41
- Replies: 1
- Views: 353
Re: Hw 11.41
NH4(NH2CO2) is a solid, so it is not included in the equilibrium calculation. Solids and pure liquids do not go into the K expression.
- Fri Dec 08, 2017 3:11 am
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Significance of mono-, bi-, poly- dentate
- Replies: 1
- Views: 473
Re: Significance of mono-, bi-, poly- dentate
Monodentate means that it is bonded at one spot, bidentate meaning two spots, and polydentate meaning many (unspecified). We make this distinction so that we know how many spots a ligand can bind at. An example of polydentate is the hexadentate EDTA.
- Fri Dec 08, 2017 3:09 am
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Delocalized pi bonding?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 326
Re: Delocalized pi bonding?
Delocalization occurs when the e- can move around, which will result in resonance structures. This is only seen when a pi-bond (or bonds) is (are) present. A pi bond is present when two sets of electron orbitals involved in the bond overlap, and is always accompanied by one sigma bond (sigma bond fo...
- Fri Dec 01, 2017 12:46 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.41
- Replies: 1
- Views: 340
Re: 11.41
The reason why you cannot use the number of mols for NH4(NH2CO2) to find the number of mols for NH3 is because, in this case, NH4(NH2CO2) is a reactant and NH3 and CO2 are the products. For this problem (and others), you would have to use one product to find another in order to yield the correct ans...
- Thu Nov 30, 2017 5:40 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Effect of pressure [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 234
Re: Effect of pressure [ENDORSED]
It's false because the value of the eq constant isn't affected by the amounts of reactants or products as long as the temp stays constant
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 7:46 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Using Roman Numerals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 305
Re: Using Roman Numerals
Roman numerals represent the oxidation state of the metal because some metals have more than one oxidation state. Ex. Iron (II) which is 2+ and Iron (III) which is 3+.
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 7:40 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Units of Partial Pressure
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1021
Re: Units of Partial Pressure
Also, be sure to know how to convert between the two types of units; a conversion constant is usually given as well.
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 7:38 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Naming differences
- Replies: 2
- Views: 424
Re: Naming differences
I was on another site and it said that anionic ligand names as prefixes were changed from -ide to -ate, -ite to -ido, -ato, and ito.. Neutral and cationic ligands are usually unchanged, with a few exceptions.
- Thu Nov 16, 2017 6:53 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Pi bonds
- Replies: 4
- Views: 603
Re: Pi bonds
Pi bonds are basically 2 orbitals that overlap side by side. They also do not allow bound atoms to rotate and have e- density on each side of the internuclear axis.
- Thu Nov 16, 2017 6:27 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Polar/nonpolar [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 14
- Views: 2704
Re: Polar/nonpolar [ENDORSED]
Also, an example of a polar molecule would be water, H2O. The O is slightly more negative than the H, giving it a bent shape. An example of a nonpolar molecule would be carbon dioxide, CO2. It is a straight molecule with the C forming double bonds in the middle, so the charges are equally distributed.
- Mon Nov 06, 2017 10:30 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Noble gas exception
- Replies: 4
- Views: 825
Re: Noble gas exception
Also in the midterm review today, the UAs basically said that an atom of P, S, Cl or another nonmetal in Period 3 and subsequent periods can have more than 8 electrons in it's valence shell because they have more orbitals available to them (ex. the d subshell). Hope this clarifies a bit more!
- Mon Nov 06, 2017 10:27 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: 2.39
- Replies: 4
- Views: 771
Re: 2.39
For further explanation for the whole question, (a, Carbon) shows 2 electrons in one p orbital when there are empty p orbitals, so it is in an excited state because ground state electrons want to be in separate orbitals. For (b, Nitrogen), one electron has opposite spin compared to the other two, bu...
- Fri Nov 03, 2017 3:18 am
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: P-Orbital
- Replies: 5
- Views: 754
Re: P-Orbital
In response to your questions about d and f, I don't think we would have to know the exact ones since there are so many and since they are also harder to draw than the p orbital
- Fri Nov 03, 2017 3:16 am
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Valence electrons
- Replies: 3
- Views: 574
Re: Valence electrons
This is also because silver is one of the special exceptions to the configuration rule where one electron from the s subshell will go to the d subshell in order to have a full d shell
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 6:22 pm
- Forum: *Shrodinger Equation
- Topic: The "H" Term in the Schrodinger Equation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 451
Re: The "H" Term in the Schrodinger Equation
The H term also stands for Hamiltonian, which is the total energy of the system (kinetic plus potential energy). Hope this helps to clarify a bit more!
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 6:09 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Exceptions to Electron Configuration [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 2384
Re: Exceptions to Electron Configuration [ENDORSED]
In other words, the two exceptions are for a half-filled d5 and full d10 subshells because they have lower energy. Like Angelica said, this is to make the atom more stable. These exceptions pull one electron from the s subshell (which is the subshell that holds valence electrons in this case) and pu...
- Fri Oct 20, 2017 1:57 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Planck's Constant
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1275
Re: Planck's Constant
Also, make sure the variable is h and not "h bar" (the h with a cross on the top), because h bar refers to the uncertainty principle and has a different value than h, which is Planck's constant.
- Fri Oct 20, 2017 1:55 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: test 2 topic
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1199
Re: test 2 topic
What I've been doing to prepare for tests is by watching and going through his online modules after lectures for further understanding and to to test myself on the problems that he gives. I found that doing so helped a lot for the first test, so I imagine that it would be similar to this one. Hope t...
- Fri Oct 20, 2017 1:52 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Wavelength and Frequency
- Replies: 3
- Views: 646
Re: Wavelength and Frequency
Yes exactly what the two above said, and it's easier to remember since c=2.99*10^8, so the the product of the frequency and wavelength of a beam will always be c or close to c, with the appropriate sig figs.
- Fri Oct 13, 2017 12:26 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Models of Atoms- Question 2.31
- Replies: 4
- Views: 578
Re: Models of Atoms- Question 2.31
For further clarification, the d orbital starts with 3d and goes to 3d^10. The d orbital specifically starts with the transition metals because those orbitals are what give them their properties. The order for electron configurations would go 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4s^2, 3d^10, 4p^6, and so on.
- Thu Oct 12, 2017 11:57 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Prefix Conversion
- Replies: 12
- Views: 1366
Re: Prefix Conversion
Like the posters above, I normally convert after or as I'm doing the problem. Say I'm starting with 5.5 kg of Al, I would convert to g or whatever units the question is asking for first so that I don't get confused at the end. Plus, it makes the work neater if you have it with dimensional analysis.
- Thu Oct 05, 2017 5:29 pm
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: L.39(b)
- Replies: 4
- Views: 607
Re: L.39(b)
Aluminum only has one ion, so it would be Al3+, so if it were paired with oxygen it would be Al2O3, so the charge of 2Al would be 6+ and the charge of 3O would be 6- (since the charge of O is 2-) in order to be balanced.
- Thu Oct 05, 2017 5:16 pm
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: L.39(b)
- Replies: 4
- Views: 607
Re: L.39(b)
Exactly what the post above said, but this is for further explanation. The O2 in SnO2 implies that there are two oxygen atoms, each with a -2 charge, so together they form a -4 charge. Tin (IV) has a 4+ charge, making it the right name for the oxide.
Hope this made it clearer!
Hope this made it clearer!