Search found 51 matches
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 9:34 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Homogeneous Catalysts
- Replies: 3
- Views: 509
Re: Homogeneous Catalysts
Enzymes tend to be homogeneous catalysts because they're usually in the same phase as the molecule it reacts with, to speed up the decomposition of a molecule.
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 9:33 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Distinguishing a Catalyst
- Replies: 4
- Views: 649
Re: Distinguishing a Catalyst
A reactant is consumed by the reaction, and a catalyst is not.
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 9:32 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Adsorption
- Replies: 3
- Views: 607
Re: Adsorption
Absorption is the process in which a fluid is dissolved by a liquid or a solid. Adsorption is the process in which atoms, ions or molecules from a substance (gas, liquid or dissolved solid) adhere to a surface of the adsorbent. Adsorption can be used to separate out unwanted substances.
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 7:54 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagrams- Line Notation for Multiple of an Element
- Replies: 1
- Views: 311
Re: Cell Diagrams- Line Notation for Multiple of an Element
They are separated by a comma because they are in the same phase (gas).
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 7:53 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagrams- Line Notation with Pt
- Replies: 1
- Views: 692
Re: Cell Diagrams- Line Notation with Pt
Platinum is an inert conductor that is added to the half reaction that has no conducting solids. You place a line if the elements are in different phases, and a comma if they are in the same phase.
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 7:50 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagrams- Line Notation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 683
Re: Cell Diagrams- Line Notation
Yes I believe so.
- Tue Feb 27, 2018 9:35 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Elementary Reactions
- Replies: 4
- Views: 612
Re: Elementary Reactions
An elementary reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form products in a single reaction step and with a single transition state.
- Tue Feb 27, 2018 9:19 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Unique Average Rate vs. Average Rate
- Replies: 3
- Views: 569
Re: Unique Average Rate vs. Average Rate
A unique rate is a rate of appearance/disappearance of any of the species in a reaction divided by its stoichiometric coefficient; when average rate is calculated, the coefficient is not taken into account.
- Tue Feb 27, 2018 9:17 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Negative 1/a
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1067
Re: Negative 1/a
There is a negative sign because the concentration of the reactant decreases during the reaction.
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 7:42 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Inert Electrode
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1393
Re: Inert Electrode
Also, inert electrodes like platinum do not participate in the redox reaction and are present so that current can flow through the cell.
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 7:32 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Spontaneous Directions [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1006
Re: Spontaneous Directions [ENDORSED]
If the standard potential is positive, ∆G is negative and the reaction has a spontaneous tendency to form products.
If the standard potential is negative, ∆G is positive and the reverse of the cell reaction is spontaneous, so the cell reaction has a spontaneous tendency to form reactants.
If the standard potential is negative, ∆G is positive and the reverse of the cell reaction is spontaneous, so the cell reaction has a spontaneous tendency to form reactants.
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 7:27 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Initial rates
- Replies: 5
- Views: 3172
Re: Initial rates
We use the initial rate because it is the fastest rate and the only time that we know the concentrations of the reactants, since the rate decreases as the reactants are used up.
- Wed Feb 14, 2018 2:47 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: 9.47 Isothermal Irreversible Free Expansion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 568
Re: 9.47 Isothermal Irreversible Free Expansion
It would be the same as ΔSsys of part a, the isothermal and reversible process. ΔSsurr = 0 for free expansion so ΔStot = ΔSsys.
- Wed Feb 14, 2018 2:42 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Isothermal system
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1222
Re: Isothermal system
Work = 0 in free expansion because there is no external pressure applied, so P=0 and therefore w=0. Since ΔU = 0, that means that q=0 as well, so no heat is transferred into the surroundings.
- Wed Feb 14, 2018 2:27 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Isothermal/Isobaric/Irreversible/Reversible/Other Topics Covered
- Replies: 3
- Views: 509
Re: Isothermal/Isobaric/Irreversible/Reversible/Other Topics Covered
At equilibrium, ΔSsys = - ΔSsurr.
Also, ΔG = 0 for a reaction at equilibrium.
Also, ΔG = 0 for a reaction at equilibrium.
- Wed Feb 07, 2018 10:14 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs free energy and work
- Replies: 3
- Views: 425
Re: Gibbs free energy and work
Gibbs free energy is defined as the maximum useful work (excluding work associated with volume changes of the system) that a system can do on the surroundings when the process occurs reversibly at constant temperature and pressure.
- Wed Feb 07, 2018 10:06 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Calculating Degeneracy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 625
Re: Calculating Degeneracy
W = the number of microstatesnumber of particles in the system
- Mon Feb 05, 2018 11:49 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: max work [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 390
Re: max work [ENDORSED]
G is defined as the maximum non-expansion work under constant temperature and pressure. Since work done by the system is negative, deltaG < w, so deltaG is the maximum work that may be done.
- Tue Jan 30, 2018 1:58 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Test question [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 16
- Views: 1691
Re: Test question [ENDORSED]
The textbook says the first law of thermodynamics is that the internal energy of an isolated system is constant, so I think that would be sufficient.
- Tue Jan 30, 2018 1:50 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Heat Capacity
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1009
Re: Heat Capacity
Liquids have a higher heat capacity than gases or solids so their slope is going to be less steep.
- Tue Jan 30, 2018 1:48 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: isothermal
- Replies: 3
- Views: 455
Re: isothermal
The temperature stays constant in an isothermal process. For an ideal gas, in an isothermal process, ΔU = 0 = Q − W, so Q = W.
- Tue Jan 23, 2018 11:51 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: standard enthalpy of formation
- Replies: 3
- Views: 450
Re: standard enthalpy of formation
The standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound is the enthalpy change which occurs when one mole of the compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions, and with everything in its standard state. However, the standard enthalpy change of a reaction is the enthalpy change which...
- Tue Jan 23, 2018 11:39 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: system of vacuum
- Replies: 4
- Views: 569
Re: system of vacuum
Yes because no matter or energy can be exchanged with the surroundings.
- Tue Jan 23, 2018 11:38 am
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Formula Sheet
- Replies: 2
- Views: 489
Re: Formula Sheet
There's a link on the class website called Constants and Equations where you can find the formulas.
- Tue Jan 16, 2018 12:07 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Types of Systems
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1428
Re: Types of Systems
If the matter cannot be transferred through the boundary but energy can be exchanged with the surroundings, then that is a closed system. For an isolated system, neither energy nor matter can be exchanged with the surroundings.
- Tue Jan 16, 2018 12:02 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: What does it mean when a gas expands reversibly and isothermally?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 485
Re: What does it mean when a gas expands reversibly and isothermally?
A reversible isothermal expansion is an increase in volume at constant temperature. A reversible reaction does more work because all heat is converted to work.
- Tue Jan 16, 2018 11:58 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Hess's Law
- Replies: 3
- Views: 321
Re: Hess's Law
Hess's Law states that the overall reaction enthalpy is the sum of the reaction enthalpies of the steps into which the reaction can be divided. To use Hess's Law to find the enthalpy of a given reaction, we find a sequence of reactions with known reaction enthalpies that adds up to the reaction of i...
- Wed Jan 10, 2018 3:33 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: State Properties: q vs. qp
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1339
Re: State Properties: q vs. qp
Heat is dependent on the path or the way the state of the system changes.
- Wed Jan 10, 2018 3:28 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Enthalpy is a state property
- Replies: 13
- Views: 1835
Re: Enthalpy is a state property
Enthalpy is a state function because it depends only on the state of the system and not on the path taken to reach its value.
- Wed Jan 10, 2018 3:16 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Energy and Phase Changes
- Replies: 5
- Views: 553
Re: Energy and Phase Changes
Melting only requires enough energy for the molecules to escape from their sites in the solid, but for vaporization, you need enough energy to be able to break most of the intermolecular attractions.
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 7:59 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Bronsted Acid and Base vs Lewis Acid and Base
- Replies: 3
- Views: 709
Re: Bronsted Acid and Base vs Lewis Acid and Base
Bronsted definition: an acid is a proton (H+ ion) donor, and a base is a proton acceptor.
Lewis definition: an acid is an electron acceptor, and a base is an electron donor.
Lewis definition: an acid is an electron acceptor, and a base is an electron donor.
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 7:04 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Zinc Nitrate
- Replies: 2
- Views: 474
Re: Zinc Nitrate
Hope this picture helps!
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 6:14 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Seesaw molecular shape
- Replies: 4
- Views: 3379
Re: Seesaw molecular shape
The seesaw shape occurs when a molecule has a central atom bonded to 4 other atoms and 1 lone pair.
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 6:11 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Using Roman Numerals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 286
Re: Using Roman Numerals
The roman numerals indicate the oxidation state of the metal in the complex.
- Sat Nov 18, 2017 10:18 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: HW Problem 4.15c
- Replies: 2
- Views: 381
Re: HW Problem 4.15c
Oxygen is less electronegative, so it is more likely to share its valence electrons than Fluorine, which is very electronegative.
- Sat Nov 18, 2017 10:06 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Bond Order
- Replies: 2
- Views: 541
Re: Bond Order
Bond orders can give you an indication of the stability of a bond. A high bond order indicates more attraction between electrons, so the atoms are held together more tightly. With a lower bond order, there is less attraction between electrons so the atoms are held together more loosely. The higher t...
- Sat Nov 11, 2017 8:59 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: 3.67 a.
- Replies: 2
- Views: 330
Re: 3.67 a.
I think you are correct, because that Lewis structure gives both atoms a formal charge of 0.
- Fri Nov 10, 2017 11:20 am
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Lone Pairs in Bases?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 570
Re: Lone Pairs in Bases?
Yes, an atom with a lone-pair of electrons can be a Lewis base because it donates its electron pair to a Lewis acid.
- Fri Nov 10, 2017 11:11 am
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Radicals in structures [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 580
Re: Radicals in structures [ENDORSED]
It also helps to check the formal charges of each atom. For example, with HOCO, placing the unpaired electron on the carbon gives it a formal charge of 0.
- Fri Nov 10, 2017 11:07 am
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polar vs nonpolar vs ionic
- Replies: 11
- Views: 28256
Re: Polar vs nonpolar vs ionic
The formation of an ionic bond is the result of the transfer of one or more electrons from a metal onto a non-metal. Polar bonding is the unequal sharing of electrons between two different non-metal atoms. Nonpolar covalent bonds, with equal sharing of the bond electrons, arise when the electronegat...
- Sun Oct 29, 2017 11:52 am
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Ground state and electron configuration
- Replies: 2
- Views: 355
Re: Ground state and electron configuration
The electron configuration for electrons at the ground state will be at the lowest energy state possible for that atom.
- Sun Oct 29, 2017 11:45 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Two Special Elements in Periodic Table
- Replies: 3
- Views: 576
Re: Two Special Elements in Periodic Table
Cu is the other unique element. A completely full or half full d sub-level is more stable than a partially filled d sub-level, so an electron from the 4s orbital is excited and rises to a 3d orbital. Their electron configurations are - Cr: [Ar] 3d54s1 and Cu: [Ar]3d104s1
- Tue Oct 24, 2017 11:35 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: 3d and 4s
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1390
Re: 3d and 4s
For chromium and copper, a completely full or half full d sub-level is more stable than a partially filled d sub-level, so an electron from the 4s orbital is excited and rises to a 3d orbital.
- Tue Oct 24, 2017 11:29 am
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Rydberg
- Replies: 11
- Views: 1634
Re: Rydberg
n(initial)-n(final) gives me a negative frequency. Is this right? You should get a negative number because you are going from a higher energy state to a lower energy state. Quantitatively, you would be subtracting a not as negative number from a negative number. The negative result from this indica...
- Tue Oct 24, 2017 11:16 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: principal quantum numbers
- Replies: 2
- Views: 578
Re: principal quantum numbers
This link might help explain it: http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/quantum.html "Because they have opposite electrical charges, electrons are attracted to the nucleus of the atom. Energy must therefore be absorbed to excite an electron from an orbital in which the electro...
- Thu Oct 19, 2017 11:37 am
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Rydberg
- Replies: 11
- Views: 1634
Re: Rydberg
n(initial)-n(final) gives me a negative frequency. Is this right?
- Thu Oct 19, 2017 11:33 am
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: 1.57
- Replies: 3
- Views: 454
Re: 1.57
For tests, should we know that 486 nm represents blue light, 700 nm is red, and so on?
- Thu Oct 12, 2017 11:29 am
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Problem 1.7 HW
- Replies: 4
- Views: 536
Re: Problem 1.7 HW
I solved the problem and got 150 pm as well, which is the answer given in the solutions manual.
- Wed Oct 11, 2017 10:38 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Chapter 1 Question 9
- Replies: 4
- Views: 652
Re: Chapter 1 Question 9
Hz is 1 cycle per second, so it is always interchangeable with s^-1
- Fri Oct 06, 2017 1:19 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Limiting Reactants - Neither?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2333
Re: Limiting Reactants - Neither?
You would know when there are no limiting reactants in an equation if both reactants produced the same mass of a product.
- Fri Oct 06, 2017 12:51 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Sig Figs [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 16
- Views: 3181
Re: Sig Figs [ENDORSED]
There are 2 sig figs in 0.053 since the 0's before 53 do not count.