CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

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collisions are more likely when the reactants meet at the right orientation and with enough energy. increasing the temperature helps satisfy the need for more molecules of reactant colliding with enough energy

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the most basic understanding is that enzymes make the reaction faster by providing a different pathway in which the activation energy is lower

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the equilibrium constant does not change but the k that is the rate constant does change

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bimolecular refers to any two molecules interacting

whether it be A + A or A+B

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The slow step is also the step with the largest activation energy

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We didn't just assume that it was the elementary step. He gave us the rate law initially and because the rate law is solely dependent on the slow step, you can determine which of the elementary steps is the slow step by matching that steps rate law to the rate law that was given initially

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yes you do in both acidic and basic solutions

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depending on your calculator, you might have to put in log with a base of 10 explicitly since some calculators imply that base while others dont

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it would be 0 because ∆G would be 0

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You need the difference in concentration so that in order for the reaction to be spontaneous, the electrons that are lost in the anode must move to the cathode. Therefore, the reactants must have a larger concentration so that the reaction in the anode takes place so that the electrons move from the...

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the higher the concentration of products, the higher the value of Q, the more negative the value of Ecell, and therefore the reaction it is un-spontaneous the higher the concentration of reactants, the lower the value of Q, the more positive the value of Ecell, and therefore the reaction is spontane...

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yes it is because potentials are intensive properties

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If the reaction takes place in a cell that performs electrical work, then the heat released is diminished by the amount of electrical work done.

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platinum electrodes are used when there are no metal solids or only one metal solid. a platinum electrode is not required when BOTH the anode and cathode reactions contain solid metals

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Is there a specific inert metal that must be used in certain reactions or can we generalize it and use any inert metal?

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They will be written in the way the reaction takes place so the direction does matter

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there is an error and C should have the greatest entropy because it has both vibrational and rotational energy

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it's not always the same, it depends on the different energies like rotational, etc.

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a) a positive enthalpy would result in the dissolving to be unfavorable because a positive enthalpy would result in a positive ∆G value and a negative enthalpy would result in the dissolving to be favorable because a negative enthalpy would result in negative ∆G.

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in addition, Dr. Lavelle mentioned in lecture that an entropy=0 can only occur when the temperature is at 0 K.

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the entropy increases because a higher heat capacity means that more energy will be needed to increase that substances temperature by 1 Celsius. That extra energy needed is transferred to the substances atoms and molecules and increase their energy. This increase in energy can result in an increase ...

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I was looking through the solutions manual and noticed that it uses Cv and R interchangeably for some problems involving ideal gases. Why can is it that this can happen?

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the answers for the B portions of the self test questions can be found in the back of the book under answers> self-test B

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to add onto the previous post,
the actual q equations are the same, you only need to change the value of the specific heat to reflect that of a system under constant pressure or constant volume
q=nCp∆T
or
q=nCv∆T

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If you put your final answer in Celcius, it is possible that hte temperature could be negative, indicating that is lost heat

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that is the reaction you want because that forms one mole of N2O5 and the equation asks for the enthalpy of formation for N2O5 and that refers to the amount of energy needed for one mole of N2O5 when it is formed by elements in their natural form. the purpose of the reaction you mentioned is to allo...

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you would write out the combustion analyses for each molecule and manipulate the equations and enthalpy values in a way so that you end up with the equation provided when all 3 combustion reactions are added together. you would write the combustion reaction for H2 without it forming CO2. yes, the eq...

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the molar heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or 1 kelvin.
the specific heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celsius or 1 kelvin

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the q values for the water and the copper are added in the solution manual because no heat is technically being lost. Instead, heat is simply being transferred into the kettle and then into the water. Because of this, there is no loss in heat in either kettle nor the copper, meaning that no negative...

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They will always cancel each other out because hess’s Law is just a representation of steps that give the final output. Therefore, if some didn’t cancel out, there would be a different number of products

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That is correct but the negative is arbitrary since it depends on the direction of the phase change

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Yes he is started with the second half which is section 10 to section 20

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it's all based on the ratios so in order to increase the yield of ammonia, you need to decrease ammonia (take some out) because then the ratio will heavily favor the reactants. for example if at equilibrium the ratio of reactants to products is 2:2 so when you remove the ammonia, the ratio becomes 2...

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If you look at the question, it says that the flasks show dissassociation over time. Therefore, you must pick the flask that has no more change by looking at the next flask. You see this occur at flask 3 as in flask 4 there is no change. However in addition to this you have to make sure that the co...

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you should note that the values of R with both the pressure in atm and bar are given values on the constants sheet

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they use that equation because in order to determine partial pressures, you need to look at the number of moles of each gas atom or molecule within the closed volume since the number of moles of gas will determine how the reaction changes as it approaches equilibrium or how the reaction will react i...

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Lavelle does prefer atm however you need to double check what the original units are for the partial pressure given and match those units. if no units are given but an R (gas constant) value is given, double check to see whether that value of R represents the pressure in atm or bar.

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all you need to do is count the areas of electron density and add them. for example, 2 areas of high electron density would be sp, 3 would be sp^2, 4 would be sp^3, 5 would be sp^3d, and 6 would be sp^3d^2

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put succinctly, you need to look at the geometry of the bond and the electronegativity of the atoms within the compound in order to determine whether dipole moments do or do not cancel out

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In addition to the posts above, if you would like to get a general sense as to whether a molecule is polar or not, you can also compare the relative electronegativity of each of the atoms that occupy it. If the difference in their electronegativity is great (based on periodic trends), then you can a...

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To continue on with the previous post, when looking at the most electronegative element, however, you have to look at it in comparison to the other atom. This means that you need to see if there is a significant difference in electronegativity between the two elements

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The ion is able to exist only because the extra electron becomes part of another bond

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Hydrogen can act as a cation because of its low ionization energy

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The 3d sub shell is higher than 4s when the 4s subshell is full but the 3d subshell is completely empty. However, the minute that 3d gains an electron, the 4s subshell becomes the higher energy subshell.

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The answer is correct because when you put [Xe] you are saying that the electron configuration already consists of the electron configuration for Xe

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make sure that when you're calculating it using the bohr relationship that you convert the values into kilograms and m/s before you calculate the wavelength.

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You can expect the uncertainty to be greater for an electron because an electron has a smaller mass, and since mass is inversely proportional to velocity, would have a greater speed and momentum in comparison to the marble

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The number of sig figs only depends on the original number of sig figs in the original values given. So you simply have to look back at the original values, but don't forget to take into consideration the fact that the rules for addition and subtraction can affect that value.

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While they may have different definitions, when they are used in a question, the two terms can essentially be used interchangeably.

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