CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

The above answers, are correct, pressure is able to change while volume stays constant

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

if it is more than one, the forward rate is faster, and less than one the reverse rate is faster

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Are you asking like if the changes in in pressure and volume or the same in their respective situations.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Yeah I believe that should be fine, just make sure they are able to cancel like you did.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

The reasoning is better explained in section 15.11, but I believe it is due to the reaction having Arrhenius behavior, which allowed for the conclusion to be made about the k relating to activation energy.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I did not see it on the things we should be able to do for the electrochemical section, so I doubt it.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I think it is fine to leave the time units in terms of what the question gives you, unless they explicitly ask it for something else

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

The coefficient is not necessary in the second order formula and the question gives you the other needed values

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

We probably won't be asked to show the derivations but just knowing them helps give a better understanding of the relationships which we will be asked about in the concept portion of the exam

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Its usually set up for the anode on the left and cathode on the right, but its good to know that oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode if they try to flip it around

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I'm pretty sure it is fine to assume they are all initial rates, and if it isn't, it will probably be stated explicitly

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

You get them from the number electrons transferred in the respective half reactions. These are the n values from the equation given on page 572 in the textbook.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I doubt they would give the pressures to you one way and ask for them in another. However, on the off chance they do, you would have to convert them. But again, I don't think they want us focusing on knowing those conversions.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I believe you are referring to the Boltzmann constant, which is R divided by Avogardos number

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

You know that there are 4 different orientations it could have which gives you the base 4. They call it 4^N because that is based on how many molecules you have. Im not sure where you are getting the ^4 from however.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

They say mass of polyethylene in the problem which I think may be the indication that it is a solid. That is just my guess, if that is just a coincidence, I am also confused on how we would know.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

They used calcite in the solutions manual but I agree that the difference would be negligible

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I believe so

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

When they ask you to calculate the Gibbs free energy at certain partial pressures is when you use it. It just depends on what they give you in the question.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I think its because he does not want to over simplify it. If he were to associate it with disorder, we might miss the more complex ideas associated with entropy.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I think its in bars, but we have used atm in class interchangeably since the difference is almost negligible

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Can someone elaborate on whether or not there is a pressure change, and if so how can you tell?

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

the idea of the universe is an assumption, it is not proven. Hypothetically speaking, it is similar to a calorimeter because it wouldn't allow for mass and energy to be exchanged with it's surroundings.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

It is because it is coupled with a spontaneous reaction

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Specific heat does not depend on the amount of substance, it only takes the mass into account in order to see how the temperature of the substance is affected. The definition of specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise temp of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius. I hope this...

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I believe it has to do with the fact that different phases have different degrees of freedom

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

After you find the enthalpy per mole of zinc consumed(-153.89 kJ/mol), you can multiply by the mols of zinc you started with(0.130 mol) to get the energy released by the reaction (about -20.0 kJ). Since they tell you molar heat capacity of the solution is the same as those of water you can plug in t...

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Dr. Lavelle mentioned in lecture that the heat required to raise the temp of an object by 1 degree Celsius is the heat capacity. This is an extensive property because the heat required depends on the amount of substance. The specify heat capacity is the heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1...

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

When it is 0 it means the element began in its most stable from like the O2 example you described, the N2 example would not be 0

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I believe the two terms are interchangeable

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

As long as you know all the required variables it should always work, it just depends if the equation is necessary in the problem you are doing

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

There was a question on the test about the delocalized pi bonding.
Today in lecture, Dr. Lavelle was discussing delocalization of charges due to resonance.
Are these ideas like the same thing or are they different, if they are different could you explain the difference.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

When Dr. Lavelle was demonstrating how to obtain a new equation be taking the -log of both sides from the Kw = Ka * Kb equation, the equation we got was
14 = -pKa + pKb
Why is the pKb postive, why wouldn't it be negative like pKa?

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

It begins with the non-metals in the third period or below, they are able to do this because they have empty d subshells that can house the extra electrons.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

A bronsted acid is a proton donor, while a Lewis acid is an electron acceptor

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

I don't believe it is required but it is pretty helpful to know them for each of the arrangements

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Lone pairs force the molecule to not be symmetric and thus polar

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Pi bonds are weaker because there orbital paths are parallel which results in the overlap between the p-orbitals to be less than those of sigma bonds.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Because when two atoms are bound by more than one covalent bond, then the additional orbitals overlap side by side to form pi bonds. And a double bond has one sigma bond and one pi bond.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Does this exception remain true for the rest of the elements in group 15?

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

What makes lone pair electrons have a different effect on the shape of the molecule versus if it was just another bonding pair?

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Dr. Lavelle also mentioned that the formal charge and the molecule's overall charge should be equal.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

You want the formal charge on the elements to be as close to zero as possible. Since the formal charge can be negative or positive, the lower the absolute value of the formal charge, the higher the stability.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Can someone show their step by step process please? I was using the same method as the one in the second reply but kept getting a really wacky answer.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

It can be either, sometimes they just convert it to nm when it converts nicely otherwise they tend to leave it in meters.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Is n=1 the lowest state for all atoms or just hydrogen atoms?

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

Using the idea of a wave is a easy way to understand of light works. When relating it to ocean waves we can see how it works. Just like the waves can vary in size and how often waves are coming in, the same variations work for light. Different light has different wave lengths and frequencies to use ...

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

It's best to round in the final step of the problem to avoid any rounding error.

Gurshaan Nagra 2F

It is typically easiest to start with the element that occurs the least in the reaction and work your way to the element that occurs the most.

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