Search found 52 matches
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 3:14 am
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Reaction Mechanisms
- Replies: 2
- Views: 416
Reaction Mechanisms
What are the two methods of finding the Reaction Mechanisms, how can you tell them apart, and will we be applying both on the final? I faintly remember Professor mentioning something about excluding one method, or perhaps i misheard. However, can somebody clarify for me?
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 3:12 am
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Slow Steps
- Replies: 2
- Views: 407
Slow Steps
In the example Professor was showing today, are you essentially solving for the slow step? You dont determine from the beginning which one is which step, you just see the potential to substitute an intermediate to create the slow step out of one of the steps? Is it something like that? Because the s...
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 3:09 am
- Forum: *Amines
- Topic: Memorization
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1313
Memorization
Is there any good way to memorize the orientations of each organic molecule rather than just pure memorization? Any handy tricks, tips, mnemonics etc?
- Thu Mar 08, 2018 10:08 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: external pressure
- Replies: 2
- Views: 426
Re: external pressure
No it does not imply constant pressure. Expansion against an external pressure however, I think implies an irreversible process. The word that might imply constant pressure would be constant itself.
- Thu Mar 08, 2018 10:05 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Deriving the Rate Laws
- Replies: 3
- Views: 524
Re: Deriving the Rate Laws
I think since the derivation of the equation speaks in general terms and has no specific definite value to integrate for, much like all the derivations we have done. I think all of our derivations thus far have been indefinite integrals meaning we are just integrating the variables, which is the imp...
- Thu Mar 08, 2018 9:42 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Log vs ln
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1275
Log vs ln
When solving first order reactions, when is it best to use the default ln in the equation, and when is it best to convert ln into log using its 2.303 conversion?
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 11:31 pm
- Forum: Second Order Reactions
- Topic: Third Order Reactions
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1558
Re: Third Order Reactions
The general example of a third order reaction is one where 3 molecules must collide, making it unlikely to occur as this is an unlikely event.
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 11:24 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: First Order Graph
- Replies: 11
- Views: 1958
First Order Graph
I just wanted to clarify the graphs associated with first order reactions. Since there is an ln in the graph, is there a curve to the graphs? Or is it still linear. Or are there two graphs one with exponential one without?
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 9:16 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Significance
- Replies: 3
- Views: 525
Significance
What is the general significance between a zero, first, and second order reaction. What is the conceptual difference beyond the fact that the slopes of change in [R ] is different. Of what importance does classifying reactions serve?
- Wed Feb 21, 2018 6:58 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Q and K
- Replies: 7
- Views: 913
Q and K
So in the context of equilibrium from 14A and the context of this chapter how does the values of K and Q in reference to their value against 1 (If K is greater than 1, then x. If K is less than 1, then y). Are the concepts the same no matter the contexts? Or do they change depending on which chapter...
- Wed Feb 21, 2018 6:52 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Cell Potential
- Replies: 9
- Views: 3251
Re: Cell Potential
since R T and F are all constants in standard conditions, these three constants can be multiplied and calculated to be 0.05916, just to simplify the process of calculations.
- Wed Feb 21, 2018 6:47 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Test 2
- Replies: 2
- Views: 427
Test 2
Test 2 is this week and we finished electrochemistry during the midterm. Is there anything the test plans on focusing on? Are there concepts I can omit, Did Professor say anything about what may or may not be on the test for this week?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 4:39 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Derivations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 405
Derivations
Will there be Derivations on Midterm 18W? Which derivations will we need to know? Or do we just have to apply concepts of connecting two derivations?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 4:38 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 2nd and 3rd law of Thermodynamics
- Replies: 2
- Views: 602
2nd and 3rd law of Thermodynamics
What are the conceptual differences between the 2nd and 3rd laws of Thermodynamics?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 4:33 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Midterm 2018W [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 558
Re: Midterm 2018W [ENDORSED]
There is no lecture Wednesday, the 14th for Chem 14B, just announced today.
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 4:25 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Standard Reduction Potentials Concept
- Replies: 4
- Views: 2551
Standard Reduction Potentials Concept
To create a redox reaction, one of the methods is to take both standard reductions of the compounds of interest, make sure the equation is balanced, and then flip the sign of the second reduction. This flipping of the sign of the standard reduction, is that the same thing as converting this reductio...
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 4:19 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Solutions in beakers
- Replies: 2
- Views: 431
Re: Solutions in beakers
Yes, the solvent of these solutions is typically water while the solute is the metal ions being transferred back and forth via the discharge of the battery.
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 4:16 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs free energy and work
- Replies: 3
- Views: 450
Re: Gibbs free energy and work
Gibbs free energy is calculated as a maximum. in an ideal state, in constant pressure and temperature, we would not lose some of this energy to "useless" actions. It's similar in concept to a chemical reaction... the Maximum yield is the maximum under perfect conditions and no error.
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 4:13 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: "Molar Convention"
- Replies: 2
- Views: 491
Re: "Molar Convention"
There is no significant difference. deltaGr is used in specific practice , while deltaG is an overarching, more general term
- Mon Feb 05, 2018 5:32 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Anode and cathode charges
- Replies: 2
- Views: 524
Re: Anode and cathode charges
The anodes permanent state is negative as it has extra electrons to give off (zn2+) , thus the electrons are always leaving the left side, or the anode. The charge is always negative and the negative charge is always leaving to the right side, the cathode. The anode loses some of its negative charge...
- Mon Feb 05, 2018 5:24 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: deriving how delta G relates to work
- Replies: 2
- Views: 504
Re: deriving how delta G relates to work
Reversible expansion represents the maximum amount of work that can be done in perfect conditions where pressure is constant. Thus, the graph showing the maximum amount of work would be the reversible expansion graph, which correlates to the ln graph, the ln creating the slowly decreasing slope unti...
- Mon Feb 05, 2018 5:18 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: Constants
- Replies: 4
- Views: 742
Re: Constants
Technically, we do not assume that deltaH and deltaS are constants... but rather we assume the difference in deltaH and deltaS between the two equations (for the two temperatures) is the same.Thus, we say that the rate at which H and S change is not the same, but the difference between the two value...
- Sun Jan 28, 2018 7:43 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Reversible vs. Irreversible
- Replies: 3
- Views: 440
Re: Reversible vs. Irreversible
More specifically, what is their conceptual importance for this chapter? When are they significant and how should I be able to recognize the big differences in between them?
- Sun Jan 28, 2018 7:41 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Closed vs. Isolated
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1126
Re: Closed vs. Isolated
To add onto this, in any system DeltaU=q(heat)+w(work) . In a closed system, more specifically, only energy can be transferred, so therefore DeltaU in a closed system =q.... just the energy transfer that takes place in between the system and its surroundings. In an isolated system, energy nor matter...
- Sun Jan 28, 2018 7:18 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Change in Temperature Equation?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 414
Re: Change in Temperature Equation?
^ Not quite. The change in entropy is a state property, so to calculate entropy would not depend on the path taken to change the entropy. Therefore, it is not a difference of reversible vs irreversible reaction. R is the gas constant and C is the heat capacity so I believe the difference lies in the...
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 11:21 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Closed Systems [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1243
Re: Closed Systems [ENDORSED]
It is only isolated systems where neither matter nor energy can be transferred in or out of the system. In a closed system, energy is freely transferred throughout the system, but not matter. Heating or cooling by altering the surrounding temperature will have an effect in energy of the system
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 11:16 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Week 3 Test Topic is endorsed
- Replies: 37
- Views: 4931
Week 3 Test Topic is endorsed
Does anybody know, in terms of the assigned homework for this chapter, what numbered problems correlate to what we are actually being tested on in Week 3?, Professor has talked about omitting part of the chapter, the part he is teaching next week, but what numbered problems should I be doing to prep...
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 11:15 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: PV=nRT
- Replies: 4
- Views: 925
PV=nRT
Can somebody explain the significance of PV=nRT and the role it plays in the chapter. How does it relate to enthalpies? Does it have some relationship to DeltaU=q+w, and can you explain it?
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 11:12 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Heat capacity vs Specific Heat capacity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 725
Heat capacity vs Specific Heat capacity
Can somebody explain the difference between heat capacity and specific heat capacity and the significance that they both hold on this chapter. When is one important and when might you consider one or the other?
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 11:10 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Reaction Enthalpy v. Enthalpy of Formation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 313
Re: Reaction Enthalpy v. Enthalpy of Formation
The difference between reaction enthalpy and enthalpy of formation relies on the info given. Reaction enthalpy would require the use of Hess's Law, but in order to execute Hess's Law, you must know/ be given the total change in enthalpy a specific reaction produces. Typically this is given to you in...
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 11:04 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Enthalpy [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 296
Re: Enthalpy [ENDORSED]
in addition, I believe there is another notation of enthalpy, such as qv, or the enthalpy at a constant volume.
- Fri Jan 19, 2018 11:02 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: (g) vs (l) state of H2O in combustion rxn. Homework 93
- Replies: 2
- Views: 358
Re: (g) vs (l) state of H2O in combustion rxn. Homework 93
in 93A, the conditions are listed, "1 bar, and 25* Celsius" Water is liquid at room temperature. Typically most of our problems will have to do with reactions occurring at 25*C, or the standard state of a substance, so this is what you should consider most of the time, especially in doubt.
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 3:36 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Conjugate of CH3OOH [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 752
Re: Conjugate of CH3OOH [ENDORSED]
The H at the end is actually really easy to get rid of. Im not entirely sure if this makes the molecule a strong acid, but nevertheless: The COO chain is really good as acting as an electron withdrawing body, as to stabilize that last O.... What this means is that COO spreads the negative charge (Ca...
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 3:18 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: Percentage deprotonation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 509
Re: Percentage deprotonation
Yes i agree with above, both [H 3 O + ] and [A - ] start out with having a zero concentration. But after dissociation of the reactant in water, both [H 3 O + ] and [A - ] increase by x amount, as seen in a drawn ice table. If they both increase by x, you can equate them since their values are equal,...
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 12:44 am
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Correlation between Bronsted and Lewis Acid/Base?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 493
Correlation between Bronsted and Lewis Acid/Base?
If a molecule is either a Bronsted base or Bronsted Acid, does it have a corresponding Lewis Acid/Base characteristic? Or are both Lewis and Bronsted classifications exclusive from one another? Also what is the purpose of deciding whether or not a molecule is a Bronsted Base or Acid? For example, It...
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 12:40 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Concept Q// Change in Temp
- Replies: 3
- Views: 381
Re: Concept Q// Change in Temp
I really like this concept ^. But if that somehow doesn't help, it might help to think of it this way. Endothermic means for a reaction to require heat, which means that if heat is increased, more reactants will be able to turn into products. However, Professor says for the opposite is true. If the ...
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 6:08 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Polarity of NH3?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 26441
Re: Polarity of NH3?
Nh3, or ammonia, is definitely polar. Nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen, thus pointing the dipole moments to the nitrogen. Nitrogen's lone pair pushes the hydrogen away, thus making the dipole moments point in a common direction without cancelling out, making Nh3 a polar molecule.
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 6:03 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: H2O in coordination compounds
- Replies: 2
- Views: 416
Re: H2O in coordination compounds
So it doesn't quite matter whether or not, you put OH 2 or h 2 0, the only difference is that the former implies that Oxygen is the bonding atom on the coordinate compound. They both should be correct, however Dr. Lavelle insists on good practice so that we highlight the things appropriate and useful.
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 6:00 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Units of Partial Pressure
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1026
Units of Partial Pressure
I understand that Partial Pressure can be measured in two different fashions, atmospheres and pascals. When do we know to use each one and which is better in certain situations?
- Fri Nov 17, 2017 11:26 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Ligands
- Replies: 1
- Views: 252
Ligands
Can somebody explain to me the basic definition of a Ligand? I understand the concept around a Ligand but i feel like i have a weak foundation for any of this knowledge. What is a ligand exactly and what are its functions/ implications / etc?
- Fri Nov 17, 2017 11:24 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Chelate
- Replies: 2
- Views: 464
Re: Chelate
Lavelle was also discussing the importance of Chelates in real life. Chelate's purpose is to bind onto metal atoms with a typical (II) or (III) oxidation state. This is has a positive functional use to remove metal ions from a solution per se. This can also be used to remove metal poisoning inside a...
- Tue Nov 07, 2017 1:51 am
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: How do Dipole moments determine polarity?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 778
How do Dipole moments determine polarity?
Can anybody expand on how dipole moments are first determined (like what direction do they go in and how that's understood) and then describe to me how the combination of dipole moments creates polarity?
- Tue Nov 07, 2017 1:48 am
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Octet Exceptions
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1037
Re: Octet Exceptions
As far as I understand, the octet rule only applies to energy levels n=1, n=2. Any element in the n=3 energy or above may have an expanded octet and bond more than 4 times or have a combination of more than 8 electrons.
- Tue Nov 07, 2017 1:14 am
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: How to show a partial resonance structure?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 389
How to show a partial resonance structure?
I understand that if you were to combine resonance structures into one diagram, you would use dotted lines to depict the possible places of the bonds that are in resonance. How might you show resonance structure concerning lone pair electrons?
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 11:16 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Wave Functions
- Replies: 1
- Views: 315
Wave Functions
Can anybody explain to me the basics of what a wave function is and what its importance in the chapter. I feel as it is an important concept that I do not understand and it makes the rest of my knowledge unsteady. What is its purpose and what do we need to know about it?
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 11:13 pm
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: Post-Module Question #14
- Replies: 2
- Views: 452
Re: Post-Module Question #14
The answer would be C)The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa. Heisenberg's uncertainty equation involves the concept that the more we know about either position or momentum, the less we know about the other. The way we ...
- Fri Oct 20, 2017 12:46 am
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Help with the concept of De Broglie's
- Replies: 8
- Views: 864
Help with the concept of De Broglie's
So if an object has a wavelength of less than x10^-15, its wavelength is technically undetectable or just so small that is irrelevant has little to no functionality. However, does it technically have a wavelength still? Do we consider it as an object that still has a wavelength? or if its value is s...
- Fri Oct 20, 2017 12:01 am
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Atomic Spectra and Energy Levels
- Replies: 3
- Views: 445
Re: Atomic Spectra and Energy Levels
When an electron drops down to a lower level, the atom loses energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. When an electron jumps up a level, the atom gains energy instead. Whether its positive or negative can depend on the question being asked. "What is the change in energy of the atom?&quo...
- Sat Oct 14, 2017 7:10 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Planck's Constant
- Replies: 3
- Views: 478
Planck's Constant
Can somebody explain to me why Planck's constant is measured in Joule Seconds. What is the significance of this unit and how does it relate to the equations its involved in? I originally thought Planck's was in joules per second, but was mistaken when i later discovered the truth. I am trying to fin...
- Sat Oct 14, 2017 7:05 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: The properties of a photon [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 408
The properties of a photon [ENDORSED]
Can somebody better explain how a photon is both a particle and a wave? I understand that it acts like both, but in what situations does it act like wave and vice versa?
- Fri Oct 06, 2017 4:46 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Is either Method better?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 669
Re: Is either Method better?
And adding onto the above post, I believe the latter is doing nearly 2x as much work, so learning the stoichiometric ratio method would probably be much more efficient as you can identify which is in excess pretty quickly with some stoichiometry and some comparison. I have not run into a problem tha...
- Fri Oct 06, 2017 4:39 pm
- Forum: Significant Figures
- Topic: All students read this sig fig post [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 170
- Views: 36119
Re: All students read this sig fig post [ENDORSED]
On the test on 10/6/17, I had trouble allotting enough time to answer all the questions and I believe it was mostly as a result of me taking my time thinking about what significant figures I should be using throughout my intermittent calculations. Are significant figures a crucial part to the test o...