CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Peri Bingham 1G

Since the catalysts increase the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equally, equilibrium composition is not changed but is just reached faster.

Peri Bingham 1G

No. I believe we only need to use the pre-equilibrium approach.

Peri Bingham 1G

An intermediate is neither a reactant or a product. It is formed by the reactants in one step, and then reacts to form the products in another step.

Peri Bingham 1G

Since concentration and rate are directly proportional, an increase (or decrease) in the concentration will cause an increase (or decrease) in the rate.

Peri Bingham 1G

Units of the rate are almost always mol/L*s and units of concentration are almost alway mol/L. Therefore the units of k can be determined based on the reaction order and the already determined units.

Peri Bingham 1G

In this question, the time units are actually given. The units are 1/L*h.

Peri Bingham 1G

The unique average rate of change is essentially the average rate of change divided by the stoichiometric coefficient.

Peri Bingham 1G

An elementary reaction is the individual step in a reaction mechanism.

Peri Bingham 1G

In first order reactions, the rate is proportional to the concentration raised to the first power. In second order reactions, the rate is proportional to the concentration raised to the second power.

Peri Bingham 1G

Reducing agents have lower standard potential. The lower the standard potential, the greater the reducing strength.

Peri Bingham 1G

A zero order reaction is one in which the rate is independent of the reactant concentration. An example is the catalyzed decomposition of ammonia.

Peri Bingham 1G

The order of reactants is the sum of the powers that individual concentrations in a reaction's rate law are raised to.

Peri Bingham 1G

I do not believe that the phase order matters. Just remember that the anode is on the left of the salt bridge and the cathode is on the right.

Peri Bingham 1G

It lets us calculate the voltage of any concentration of reactants and products.

Peri Bingham 1G

The oxidizing agent is reduced in the process of bringing about oxidation. The reducing agent is oxidized in the process of bringing about reduction.

Peri Bingham 1G

W refers to degeneracy and is calculated by raising the number of possible states to the number to atoms/molecules.

Peri Bingham 1G

Yes, there is still lecture on Wednesday.

Peri Bingham 1G

Being more vibrationally active causes a larger value of entropy. The larger or more complex the molecule, the larger the vibrational activity.

Peri Bingham 1G

The problem says to use the molar heat capacities at standard pressure and provides them as well.

Peri Bingham 1G

I believe that the integrals are only used to show the derivations of the equations. Therefore, I do not think we would be expected to do any calculations with integrals on exams. Also, we are allowed to use calculators on exams but only if they are scientific ones.

Peri Bingham 1G

Heat transfer does not necessarily imply that there is a change in temperature. The heat transfer is due to the work being done by the system.

Peri Bingham 1G

I believe you used the wrong gas constant (R). Use R = 8.314 J/molK.

Peri Bingham 1G

The situation would be an isothermal (constant temperature) reversible expansion.

Peri Bingham 1G

This would be a closed system since only energy (keeping the food cold) is transferred and no matter is transferred.

Peri Bingham 1G

To convert the bond enthalpies into a gas, you must add the enthalpy of vaporization (if going from liquid to gas) or the enthalpy of sublimation (if going from solid to gas).

Peri Bingham 1G

All of the equations that we have covered in lecture, with the exception of work and internal energy equations, are fair game for test 1.

Peri Bingham 1G

A closed system is one where only energy can be transferred. For example, a pot with a lid on it is a closed system. An isolated system is one where nothing can be transferred. A thermos is an example of an isolated system.

Peri Bingham 1G

Standard enthalpy of formation is 0 in their most stable forms because it is how the elements naturally occur. However, the enthalpy of formation of the same element in a form that is not its most stable one is not zero. For example, carbon's most stable form is graphite and the enthalpy of formatio...

Peri Bingham 1G

For the standard enthalpy of formation, the units are always kJ/mol.

Peri Bingham 1G

He hasn't specified that it isn't allowed. However, I usually take pictures of slides instead of a video if I'm concerned I won't be able to copy information down fast enough.

Peri Bingham 1G

Remember to review the tables and boxes stated on the syllabus. Those are ones we are expected to know and are fair game for tests and exams. To test yourself on your knowledge of them, maybe create a set of flashcards.

Peri Bingham 1G

The elements that are classified as amphoteric when they form oxides are Be, Al, Ga, Sn, Sb, and Pb.

Peri Bingham 1G

Also, in general, remember that sometimes when the bonds are polar, the whole molecule is not necessarily polar because of cancellation of polarity.

Peri Bingham 1G

Also, remember that the number of hybrid orbitals (the sum of the subscripts) is equal to the number of regions of electron density.

Peri Bingham 1G

In smaller cations, the positively charged nucleus is closer to the outer shell. Therefore it has more power (polarizing power) to draw in an anion and distort it. In large anions, the positively charged nucleus is farther from the outer shell. There for it has less power (easily polarizable) to kee...

Peri Bingham 1G

I do a guess and check method essentially. I draw the central atom and connect all the atoms to the central atom with a bond and then add electrons until all atoms have 8 electrons. Then I figure out the formal charge and move around atoms and bonds and keep checking the formal charge until I believ...

Peri Bingham 1G

An easier way to determine formal charge is to count each dot (electron) as 1 and each bond as 1. Add up the number of dots and bonds on an atom and subtract that from the atom's number of valence electrons. That will determine the formal charge of the atom.

Peri Bingham 1G

If you happened to know the exact electronegativity values of the two elements that you are comparing, then you would not need to use the trend. However, if you do not know the values, then the trend is very helpful.

Peri Bingham 1G

Instead of forming an octet, beryllium and lithium form a duplet.

Peri Bingham 1G

A radical is a compound with an unpaired electron. It tends to be highly reactive and only exists for a short time. An example of a radical is CH3.

Peri Bingham 1G

Bond length and bond strength are inversely proportional. Therefore, a single bond has a longer bond length but is weaker in terms of bond strength. A triple bond has a shorter bond length, but is stronger in terms of bond strength.

Peri Bingham 1G

Atoms in period 3 or higher, like sulfur, can have more than 8 valence electrons because they can occupy the d-orbitals.

Peri Bingham 1G

Yes and no. It depends on how you are looking at the periodic table. If you go down the periodic table, then yes, there is a direct relationship. As the value of n increases, the radius and the number of electrons both increase because there addition of a new shell, because of the addition of electr...

Peri Bingham 1G

All matter is affected by outside forces. However, bigger objects, such as baseballs, are not as affected by the impact of a photon as are smaller objects, such as electrons. Therefore, it is easier to see the impact and therefore the uncertainty on smaller objects, like subatomic particles, because...

Peri Bingham 1G

Since we have Test 2 in our discussion sections this week, I assuming you would only need to do homework that corresponds with the material on Test 2 (problems 3-41). Week 4 is probably when Chapter 2 problems will be expected.

Peri Bingham 1G

Section M of the Fundamentals (specifically M.3) talks about this type of problem (combustion analysis). Problem M.19 is a good example of this type of problem if you want more practice with it for the midterm and final. Also, because it is an odd problem, the solution is in the workbook so that way...

Peri Bingham 1G

When doing problems (generally wavelength) where I get my answer in terms of m and want to convert it into nm, I take my answer (in m) and multiply it by 10^9 and then my answer will be in terms of nm. The chart from lecture that listed the common prefixes and their symbols and meanings is super hel...

Peri Bingham 1G

I prefer to convert my units in the beginning based on the questions and the formulas being used in the question. At the end of the problem, I make sure that my answer is in the proper units which may involve more converting. In this chapter, I tend to see myself doing this a lot in regards to wavel...

Peri Bingham 1G

The elements should be given in the problem. A good example of this kinda of in the textbook is problem M.19 in the fundamentals section. It indirectly lists which elements are in the sample based on the products of the reactions.

Peri Bingham 1G

Formula units can apply to both ionic and covalent (network solid) compounds.

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