Hi all,
I recall Doctor Lavelle talking about keynotes and aldehydes location on a molecule, but I'm confused about which one is only found on the end of molecules, and which one cannot be found on the end of a molecule chain.
Search found 49 matches
- Tue Mar 13, 2018 8:58 pm
- Forum: *Ketones
- Topic: Keytone and Aldeyhdes
- Replies: 3
- Views: 3300
- Tue Mar 13, 2018 8:54 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Adsorption
- Replies: 2
- Views: 401
Re: Adsorption
In class the other day (I believe it was the 03/12/2018 lecture), professor level made it a point to emphasize that things like sponges "ABSORB" water, whereas catalysts adsorb reactants. What this means is that the reactant isn't absorbed into the catalyst, but instead rests upon it (adso...
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 6:17 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Catalysts
- Replies: 3
- Views: 576
Catalysts
Could someone explain why a catalyst is not consumed in a reaction, and how it can effect the reaction while also being reused over time. Also, do certain reactions require specific catalysts, or can catalysts effect many different types of catalysts?
Mike.
Mike.
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 6:12 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: homework 15.19 part c
- Replies: 1
- Views: 295
Re: homework 15.19 part c
Hi Sarah, When I did this problem myself, I determined the rate law to be k=[A][B]^2[C]^2. Given this, you can solve part c in two ways, by applying this equation to both the values of concentrations and initial rates for experiment 3 and experiment 4. Knowing that the rate constant is not dependent...
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 6:04 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Collision Frequency
- Replies: 1
- Views: 345
Collision Frequency
Looking into topics for 15.11 that I believe we will cover before the final, is the collision cross-section value an experimentally determined value. And out of general curiosity, with particles like atoms being extremely small, how do scientists determine the value of the surface area actually coll...
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 5:59 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: reaction mechanism
- Replies: 2
- Views: 371
Re: reaction mechanism
I agree with the comment above. If you want to conceptualize it I considered limiting reagents from earlier this year, where the limiting reagent determined the overall amount of product created. Similar to reaction rates, the overall reaction is depended on the slowest elementary step, and so we fo...
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 5:54 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Rate Constant K
- Replies: 4
- Views: 646
Rate Constant K
In class, I remember Doctor Lavelle speaking about the units of k, the rate constant, however I wanted to clarify if the units of k can be different depending on the problem we are solving, or if they remain the same across all the problems in the chapter.
Mike
Mike
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 5:50 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Half-Life
- Replies: 2
- Views: 479
Half-Life
Could someone elaborate on half-life and its significance in this chapter? I have the equations to find half-life, but I'm confused about its relevance and application in the chapter.
Thanks,
Mike
Thanks,
Mike
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 5:47 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Arrhenius Behavior
- Replies: 3
- Views: 2477
Re: Arrhenius Behavior
Hi Ava, When I found information on Arrhenius behavior in 15.11. The book describes it as "reactants that give a straight line when ln k is plotted against 1/T. I'm not exactly sure what questions Professor Lavelle will ask, however the Arrhenius equation is ln k= ln A -Ea/RT or k=Ae^-Ea/RT. Ea...
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 6:01 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: oxidation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 723
Re: oxidation
It is important to note that, the oxidation state of oxygen in its compounds is -2, except for peroxides like H2O2, and Na2O2, in which the oxidation state for O is -1. However, since O2 is neutral it's oxidation state is 0.
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 5:54 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: H+
- Replies: 2
- Views: 499
Re: H+
For the first part of your question, I watched this video yesterday https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgHUk7apOMA and when the individual speaking balanced the reactions with H+s and H20s, he included H+ in the appropriate side of the cell diagram. However, he did not include water because the other r...
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 10:22 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Q for Nernst Equation
- Replies: 1
- Views: 308
Q for Nernst Equation
In the Nernst equaiton, why do we only use the ratios of the concentrations of aqueous products and not solid or liquids? Also, would we include gases in the ratio, as well? I recall seeing Q include aqueous concentrations by atms/bars, so I am guessing that gases are included? If someone could clar...
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 10:08 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing REDOX reactions
- Replies: 5
- Views: 661
Balancing REDOX reactions
When you balance the two equations for the number of electrons, would you multiply the E standard of the two equations by the factor you used to balance the equation, or do they remain the same?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 10:01 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Monatomic and Diatomic
- Replies: 1
- Views: 341
Monatomic and Diatomic
Hello, When working through the problem 8.31, it uses the calculation q=n*Cp*delta T and q=n*Cv*delta T for the second part. Given that Kr(g) is monatomic, I know that I can replace Cp and Cv with 3/2R and 5/2R respectively, however I'm confused about if I were given a diatomic model, Kr2(g). In the...
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 4:21 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Stable vs Unstable
- Replies: 4
- Views: 2833
Re: Stable vs Unstable
As we know, a negative delta g correlates with spontaneity. While it seems logical to assume the more spontaneity means more randomness and therefor less stability of the compound, however when the free energy is more spontaneous then there reactants will change into more products that are essential...
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 4:08 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Understand equation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 543
Understand equation
For the Standard Reaction entropies, the equation includes the sum of the products with n moles subtracted by the sum of n moles of reactants. In regards to the term n, is this value the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients of all the products, and then all the reactants, or do you only take the m...
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 4:04 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Orientations for Boltzmann Formula
- Replies: 1
- Views: 405
Orientations for Boltzmann Formula
I was wondering if we will be given a molecule and will have to determine the amount of orientations it could have to find W in the Blotzmann formula. If so, are there any tricks to making sure you've identified all the orientations you could get?
Thanks.
Thanks.
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 11:52 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Units [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 535
Units [ENDORSED]
Hi all, Throughout the book I have noticed that at times we talk about standard enthalpy entropy of reactions at a constant 1 atm, yet other questions in the book might use bars or tours to represent the pressure. While I understand the importance of moles, kelvins, Celsius, and liters, which units ...
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 11:49 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: HW Problem 11.77b
- Replies: 1
- Views: 289
Re: HW Problem 11.77b
Hey Mike, So generally when we increase the temperature there is a shift will be a shift towards the reactants in an exothermic reaction, and a shift towards the products in an endothermic reaction. With X2(g)-->2X(g), we must evidently break the bond between X--X, which requires an endothermic proc...
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 11:37 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Constant K and reaction quotient
- Replies: 3
- Views: 469
Constant K and reaction quotient
Hi all, Could someone elaborate on the difference between the equilibrium constant, K, and the reaction quotient, Q? Also, if you could remind me of what it means if Q>K, Q=K, and so on in terms of the chemical reaction, and if these concepts are important for the subject we're studying now.
- Mon Jan 29, 2018 3:19 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Text Book Question about spontaneous reactions
- Replies: 1
- Views: 308
Text Book Question about spontaneous reactions
In the first paragraph of chapter 9, the text book mentions that O2 gas and H2 gas can coexist separately, but need a "spark" of energy in order to combine into water. I was wondering how this process can occur naturally in our environment. I thought of the possibility of lightning providi...
- Mon Jan 29, 2018 3:03 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Irreversible expansion
- Replies: 4
- Views: 630
Re: Irreversible expansion
For W=-nRTln v2/v1, we account for the infinitesimal and consistent change in expansion of the system. In class, we saw the curve Professor Lavelle drew whose shape was that of exponential decay. This comes from the use of the natural log. However, the important aspect to understand is that such a c...
- Mon Jan 29, 2018 2:46 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Graphs of H and S
- Replies: 2
- Views: 332
Re: Graphs of H and S
I'm also a little confused with exactly why this occurs, however I did look at the formula for delta G=0, and found that delta S= delta H/ T. If we maximize delta H, and considering that delta S is proportional to it, wouldn't that also maximize delta S? I could be analyzing the wrong equation, but ...
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 2:42 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Is a bomb calorimeter an isolated system and is a coffee cup calorimeter a closed system?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 10585
Re: Is a bomb calorimeter an isolated system and is a coffee cup calorimeter a closed system?
The bomb calorimeter is a closed system that can exchange energy with the surroundings and is isochloric (no volume change). The coffee cup calorimeter is isolated, meaning pressure is constant and no energy can be exchanged with the surroundings, known as adiabatic conditions
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 2:34 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Bond Energies
- Replies: 1
- Views: 398
Bond Energies
Hey Chemistry Community, Professor Lavelle mentioned that bonds absorb energy as a positive value, however I always that that bonds held some form of energy (could be minuscule). With this being said, when you add energy and break bonds (especially double and triple bonds), wouldn't energy be given ...
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 1:39 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Heat Capacity Units (8.43)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 334
Re: Heat Capacity Units (8.43)
What's going on Hannah! Molar specific heat is usually shown in Joules per mol or KJ per mole depending on how you want to express it. It represents the amount of heat needed (in Joules or KJ) to raise the temperature of 1 mole of something, by 1 Kelvin. I remember reading that this idea might depen...
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 12:18 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Enthalpy of Intramolecular Forces
- Replies: 3
- Views: 849
Enthalpy of Intramolecular Forces
Hey Chemistry Community, I understand that the bonds between atoms and molecules give off and absorb energy during phase changes, however I was also wondering if such intramolecular forces like van Der wall forces, dipole-dipole forces, or hydrogen bonds give off or receive energy due to phase chang...
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 11:56 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Catalysts and Enthalpies
- Replies: 2
- Views: 484
Catalysts and Enthalpies
Hey Chemistry Community, I was just thinking about the nature of chemical reactions, and found myself considering the effect of catalysts on enthalpy change in a reaction. As we know, catalysts help speed up the reaction, thus in our discussion of enthalpy change this would make the reactants underg...
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 11:49 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: HW Ch.8 #59 and 63
- Replies: 7
- Views: 626
Re: HW Ch.8 #59 and 63
Hey Michelle, With the reaction in general it would be kJ/mol, yet if the question asks to find the enthalpy change associated with only one mole of a certain reactant then you just multiply delta H by moles and get units of only kJ. It is helpful to look at the stoichiometric coefficients to see wh...
- Thu Dec 07, 2017 12:15 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Formal charge of ions
- Replies: 1
- Views: 326
Formal charge of ions
Hey guys,
So I thought I heard that in class something like HS04- would have a formal charge of -1 on the central atom. Is this how you confirm you have the right Lewis structure with an ion?
So I thought I heard that in class something like HS04- would have a formal charge of -1 on the central atom. Is this how you confirm you have the right Lewis structure with an ion?
- Thu Dec 07, 2017 12:05 am
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Acid/Base Interaction
- Replies: 1
- Views: 330
Re: Acid/Base Interaction
I would say that if no conjugate acid or bases exist, then this was not the dissociation of some acid or base on the reactants side. Given that a conjugate acid or base does exist on the product side, then they must have disassociated from some original acid or base in water where the acid or base e...
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 11:55 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Types and strength of Acids/Bases
- Replies: 3
- Views: 710
Re: Types and strength of Acids/Bases
A weak acid dissociates incompletely, releasing some of its hydrogen atoms into a solution. It isn't as likely to donate protons. A strong acid will fully dissociate in water to form H+ ions. Strong bases dissociate fully into OH-, but weak bases only partially dissociate into OH-.Strong acids inclu...
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 11:46 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Cis vs. Trans
- Replies: 1
- Views: 274
Cis vs. Trans
Hey Chemistry Community, I'm reviewing my notes for the final on Sunday, and I was wondering about the effect of cis and trans structures on polarity. I recall that cis usually has two atoms on same sides with similar electronegativity which I assume creates the polarity, and trans has the similar e...
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 11:37 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: BF3 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 518
Re: BF3 [ENDORSED]
Hi Emma,
Lewis acids are known by nature to accept electron-pairs. The lewis structure of BF3 shows no lone electron pairs on the central boron atom, and it is therefore more inclined to want to accept electron-pairs making it a Lewis acid.
Lewis acids are known by nature to accept electron-pairs. The lewis structure of BF3 shows no lone electron pairs on the central boron atom, and it is therefore more inclined to want to accept electron-pairs making it a Lewis acid.
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 11:33 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: pKa and pH in strong and weak acids [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 455
pKa and pH in strong and weak acids [ENDORSED]
Hey Chemistry community,
I understand the idea of both pKa and pH, however I'm having trouble understanding the relationship between the two. Could someone describe if knowing either the pKa or pH helps you describe the other? Is their an inverse relationship or direct relationship?
I understand the idea of both pKa and pH, however I'm having trouble understanding the relationship between the two. Could someone describe if knowing either the pKa or pH helps you describe the other? Is their an inverse relationship or direct relationship?
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 11:26 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: 12.21
- Replies: 1
- Views: 323
Re: 12.21
Hi Connie, Kw is the ionic product of water and is a constant. I'm not sure if we're required to memorize it (it could be on the equations and constants sheet), however I'd double check with a moderator on this forum. In regards to your question, the equation of this formula Kw = [H3O+][OH-] can be ...
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 11:17 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Aqueous acids and bases [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 452
Aqueous acids and bases [ENDORSED]
Are acids and bases always aqueous in order to ionize the presence of water, or can acids and bases exist in any state and still ionize into their component ions?
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 11:12 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: 12.9(b)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 386
Re: 12.9(b)
Hi Stephanie, In b. there is a proton transfer from NH4 to I making it NH4+ and I-. In this reaction, NH4+ serves as a acid and I- as a base. NH4I is composed of NH4+ and I-, and can therefore both gain and lose a proton making it both an acid and base, know as being amphoteric. This question doesn'...
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 12:57 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: oxidation state
- Replies: 1
- Views: 271
oxidation state
Hey chemistry community, I'm a little confused on how to identify oxidation state of a molecule. On the test we have tribromodicarbonyl (III) nickel and its oxidation state is 3+ which I assume comes from the roman numeral III. However, I'm not sure how this correlation exists. If you could enlighte...
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 12:41 pm
- Forum: Sigma & Pi Bonds
- Topic: Delocalization
- Replies: 3
- Views: 438
Delocalization
In regards to the most recent test we were given, how can you identify delocalization pi bonding? I've researched that delocalized pi bonds can move more freely about a nuclei or atom, but I'm not sure how to identify it on a structure like paroxetine?
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 5:05 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Mixing an acid and a base
- Replies: 1
- Views: 445
Mixing an acid and a base
What's going on Chemistry Community, After going to Dr. Lavelle's lecture today, I found myself wondering about the results of mixing an acid and a base. Consider that you mix an acid and a base in water so that they disassociate into their component parts. What happens to the solution if you mix eq...
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 4:52 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: VSEPR formula
- Replies: 1
- Views: 505
VSEPR formula
What's going on Chemistry Community, while doing homework I came across VSEPR formula, and I had to study the dynamics of it to understand how to do it. However, I noticed that some species have the same VSEPR formula. For example, both BeCl2 and CO2 are AX2. I understand they might have similar str...
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 4:42 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: CH2Cl2
- Replies: 1
- Views: 508
Re: CH2Cl2
Given that we have 4 regions of electron density around the C atom, and also no loner pairs on the C atom, the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral. Therefore, it appears symmetrical in structure, and many times symmetry means non-polar. However, relating to your question, the difference in electron...
- Wed Nov 15, 2017 11:07 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Order of s,p,d in Names of Hybrid Orbitals
- Replies: 3
- Views: 769
Re: Order of s,p,d in Names of Hybrid Orbitals
I also didn't think of this before you asked, and I'm not sure if Professor Lavelle has touched about the d-orbital and hybridization in class (I'm sure he will.) However, after researching the internet, I found that you DO place the d infront of the s and p orbitals as you would do given the molecu...
- Wed Nov 15, 2017 10:38 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Ch 4 #95
- Replies: 2
- Views: 297
Re: Ch 4 #95
I see that this has already been answered, but I'd like to expand on hybridization in general for anyone who comes across this topic. When were looking to use the VESPR theory to describe the structure of molecules, the hybridization of an atom is based of the steric number, that is the steric numbe...
- Wed Nov 15, 2017 10:30 am
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Central Atoms with more than four bounds and lone pairs on central atom. [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 460
Central Atoms with more than four bounds and lone pairs on central atom. [ENDORSED]
What's going on Chemistry Community. After looking over 3.63 for homework earlier, the question asked to write the lewis structure for a.)SF6 , B.)XeF2, c.) ASF6[-],and d.) TeCl4. I don't think I'm struggling with drawing the structure. After reviewing Lew structures for the past few years (high sch...
- Tue Nov 14, 2017 7:28 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Radicals and Their Shape
- Replies: 4
- Views: 917
Re: Radicals and Their Shape
Using the VSEPR theory we've been learning in class, we are able to predict the structure of atoms surrounding the central atom. In order to find the structure, we must first determine the structure by identifying regions of electron density. A region of electron density can either be bonding or non...
- Wed Nov 08, 2017 9:22 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Electronegativity and Bond Strength
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1855
Re: Electronegativity and Bond Strength
Hey Elizabeth, I was wondering the same thing earlier this week, and I'm glad you asked the question. So after doing some research online and in the book, I've come to the understanding that one may "safely assume" that the greater the electronegativity, the stronger the bond. If you think...
- Wed Nov 08, 2017 9:05 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: 3.55
- Replies: 3
- Views: 370
Re: 3.55
Hey Robert, so in chemistry, species are know to be atoms, molecules, ions, and so on. For this specific problem asking about radicals, radicals are species that have an unpaired electron. As a result of this condition, they have an odd number of valence electrons and do not fill their outer valence...