Search found 110 matches
- Sat Mar 17, 2018 5:08 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: 2 Forms
- Replies: 1
- Views: 269
Re: 2 Forms
The two different forms of Van't Hoff are just based on what the question is asking you; usually we use the second one (lnK2/K1 = -deltaH/R(1/T2-1/T1)) to determine if an increase in temperature for a reaction will cause the reaction to form more products or reactants based on whether it is endother...
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 8:56 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 14.97
- Replies: 1
- Views: 209
14.97
Use the data in Appendix 2B and the fact that, for the half reaction F2(g) + 2H+ (aq) + 2e- --> 2HF(aq), E standard = 3.03V, to calculatethe value of Ka for HF.
Why do you need to take the square root of K to find Ka?
Why do you need to take the square root of K to find Ka?
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 8:35 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.91
- Replies: 1
- Views: 181
14.91
A voltaic cell functions only when the electrical circuit is complete. In the external circuit the current is carried by the flow of electrons through a metal wire. Explain how the current is carried through the cell itself.
Can someone explain this?
Can someone explain this?
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 9:10 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: 15.79 Kinetic Control Vs Kinetic Favorability
- Replies: 2
- Views: 320
15.79 Kinetic Control Vs Kinetic Favorability
In some reactions, two or more different products can be formed by different pathways. If the product formed by the faster reaction predominates, the reaction is considered to be under kinetic control. If the predominant product is the more thermodynamically stable, the reaction is considered to be ...
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 4:48 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 14.55 B
- Replies: 1
- Views: 515
14.55 B
A 1.0 m NiSO4(aq) solution was electrolyzed by using inert electrodes. Write (a) the cathode reaction; (b) the anode reaction. (c) With no overpotential or passivity at the electrodes, what is the minimum potential that must be supplied to the cell for the onset of electrolysis? How do you know the ...
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 4:19 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: Nitric Oxide Catalyses
- Replies: 7
- Views: 791
Re: Nitric Oxide Catalyses
Catalysts are present in the beginning of the reaction and do not get consumed (so it appears in the products side in the next elementary step), while intermediates are formed in one elementary step and then are consumed in the next elementary step.
- Mon Mar 12, 2018 3:37 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Oxidation State
- Replies: 2
- Views: 215
Oxidation State
When is the oxidation state for a molecule 0?
- Sun Mar 11, 2018 11:24 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Catalysts
- Replies: 3
- Views: 229
Catalysts
Can catalysts appear in the experimentally determined rate law? If so, just to clarify, intermediates cannot appear in the experimentally determined rate law, but can appear in the calculation of K (equilibrium constant), but catalysts can appear in both the experimentally determined rate law and th...
- Sat Mar 10, 2018 8:16 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Stability using standard enthalpy of formation [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 340
Stability using standard enthalpy of formation [ENDORSED]
How do you know if something is more stable based on their standard enthalpies of formation? If a molecule's standard enthalpy of formation is larger, does that mean it's more stable?
- Wed Mar 07, 2018 11:29 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Self Test 15.11B
- Replies: 1
- Views: 142
Self Test 15.11B
The proposed 2-step mechanism for a reaction is H2A + B --> BH+ + HA- and its reverse, both of which are fast, followed by HA- + B --> BH+ + A2-, which is slow. Find the rate law with HA- treated as the intermediate and write the equation for the overall reaction. The answer key says k=2k2*k1/k1'. W...
- Wed Mar 07, 2018 10:58 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: 15.47
- Replies: 4
- Views: 316
15.47
Write the overall reaction for the following proposed mechanism and identify any reaction intermediates:
For step 1, why is it written as just Cl and for step 2, why is it Cl- (chloride ion)? Why is the chloride ion the intermediate and not Cl?
For step 1, why is it written as just Cl and for step 2, why is it Cl- (chloride ion)? Why is the chloride ion the intermediate and not Cl?
- Tue Mar 06, 2018 5:40 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Integrated Rate Law
- Replies: 2
- Views: 283
Integrated Rate Law
Dr. Lavelle mentioned how for the integrated rate law, we consider only the reactant (which is why it's usually expressed in terms of loss of [A], a reactant). However, in the book, it says the integrated rate law can be used to find the concentration of reactant or product at any time. Should we ju...
- Tue Mar 06, 2018 5:38 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Little Product
- Replies: 4
- Views: 373
Re: Little Product
This is why we study initial rates, because initially, there is little to no product and everything is in terms of the reactants. That's why for our differential rate law, the species in it are all for reactants.
- Tue Mar 06, 2018 5:21 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Psuedo First Order Reaction
- Replies: 2
- Views: 198
Re: Psuedo First Order Reaction
Because we set the other reactants to be very large, they are essentially constant and the concentrations do not change significantly throughout the reaction. So, they don't have much impact on the overall rate. For example, if you have A+ B+ C --> P, and you set A to be really small and B and C to ...
- Mon Mar 05, 2018 5:21 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Elementary Reactions Differential Rate Law
- Replies: 2
- Views: 196
Elementary Reactions Differential Rate Law
Just to clarify, we can't find the differential rate law for a complete reaction, just an elementary reaction? Why is that?
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 3:28 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Integrated Rate Law
- Replies: 1
- Views: 155
Integrated Rate Law
The book says the integrated rate law gives the concentration of reactants or products at any time after the start of the reaction. We've only calculated the integrated rate law for the concentration of reactants -- how do we translate it in terms of products?
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 3:09 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Rate Law and Initial concentration of Reactant
- Replies: 5
- Views: 356
Rate Law and Initial concentration of Reactant
Why does a differential rate law have to be in terms of the initial concentration of the reactant? Why can't it be in terms of products?
- Thu Mar 01, 2018 12:39 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Kinetically Stable Vs. Thermodynamically Stable
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1126
Kinetically Stable Vs. Thermodynamically Stable
What does it mean to be kinetically stable and thermodynamically unstable? And vice versa? And what does it mean in terms of the context of C(diamond) --> C(gr) that Dr. Lavelle mentioned in class?
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 3:53 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: 15.37 C [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 201
15.37 C [ENDORSED]
If 14.0 g of SO2Cl2 is sealed in a 2500 L reaction vessel and heated to the specified temperature, what mass will remain after 1.5 h?
Why is it okay to only put in 14 g as the initial value ([A]o)? Why do we not need to convert it into concentration?
Why is it okay to only put in 14 g as the initial value ([A]o)? Why do we not need to convert it into concentration?
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 3:44 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.17 vs. 15.19 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 148
15.17 vs. 15.19 [ENDORSED]
In the chart for #17, the initial rate is referred to as mmol G (which is a product) and in the chart for #19, the initial rate is referred to as mmol A (which is a reactant). Does it matter what the initial rate is of or should I just ignore the fact that one refers to product and the other to reac...
- Wed Feb 28, 2018 12:19 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.3 C
- Replies: 8
- Views: 964
15.3 C
In 20 s, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide, NO2, decreases from 450 mmol/L to 320 mmol/L in the reaction 2NO2(g) --> 2NO(g) + O2(g).
(c) What is the unique rate of the reaction?
How do you find the unique rate of the reaction? I don't really get what the solutions manual says about this part.
(c) What is the unique rate of the reaction?
How do you find the unique rate of the reaction? I don't really get what the solutions manual says about this part.
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 11:36 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Standard Potential of a couple
- Replies: 3
- Views: 209
Re: Standard Potential of a couple
So the standard potential in general states how likely a half reaction will become reduced. So, the higher the standard potential, the more likely the half reaction will reduce (and thus act as the oxidizing agent because it oxidizes the other half reaction). Therefore, the more negative the standar...
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 7:54 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.13b
- Replies: 2
- Views: 183
Re: 14.13b
Usually, Pt(s) is used when there are no conducting solids in the half reactions, which is why it's usually added to half reactions where it's only aqueous or gas.
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 7:53 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagram Notation
- Replies: 1
- Views: 140
Re: Cell Diagram Notation
A line signifies changes in physical state or the interaction of one physical state with another. A comma means both substances are in the same physical state.
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 7:52 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Concentration of Reactants and Products
- Replies: 1
- Views: 166
Concentration of Reactants and Products
What's the effect of changes in concentration of reactants and products for cell potential?
- Sat Feb 17, 2018 10:33 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.17
- Replies: 1
- Views: 136
14.17
Write balanced half reactions for the redox reaction of an acidified solution of potassium permanganate and iron(II) chloride. Are we supposed to look in appendix 2B for this or are we supposed to somehow figure out the skeletal half reaction? Also, how do we know which half reaction to use if we us...
- Fri Feb 16, 2018 4:50 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.13, 14.15
- Replies: 1
- Views: 156
14.13, 14.15
Are we supposed to use appendix 2B to find the half-reactions?
- Fri Feb 16, 2018 2:27 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Delta G standard
- Replies: 4
- Views: 345
Delta G standard
Is the units for standard delta G J/mol or just Joules? When using standard delta G = -nFE standard, the units seem to cancel out to only leave Joules but the solutions manual has the units written as J/mol.
- Tue Feb 13, 2018 11:20 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Standard Gibbs Free Energy doesn't change?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 180
Standard Gibbs Free Energy doesn't change?
Does standard Gibbs free energy stay the same for the molecule at whatever condition? I thought it changed based on temperature due to the equation delta G standard = delta H standard - T*delta S standard. So when you plug in any temperature, you get a delta G standard based on the temperature. Howe...
- Tue Feb 13, 2018 11:00 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: 9.63
- Replies: 1
- Views: 179
Re: 9.63
If delta G of formation of a compound is negative, then it is thermodynamically stable with respect to decomposition because it is more likely to NOT decompose into its elements and instead favor the formation of products (spontaneous in forward direction). If delta G of formation of a compound is p...
- Tue Feb 13, 2018 7:12 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Units of S and H
- Replies: 4
- Views: 502
Re: Units of S and H
I'm pretty sure Dr. Lavelle said that he would accept either unit. However, for enthalpy of formation or standard molar entropy or Gibbs free energy of formation, it must be per mole because that's the definition of "formation".
- Tue Feb 13, 2018 7:04 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Practice Midterm #6b
- Replies: 2
- Views: 196
Re: Practice Midterm #6b
We don't know what delta S is (we can't assume entropy is increasing). If delta S is negative, then no matter how much you increase temperature, the reaction still won't be spontaneous/favorable because delta G will never be negative, so the answer is false because we can't assume that delta S is po...
- Tue Feb 13, 2018 9:36 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Reversible Expansion
- Replies: 1
- Views: 169
Re: Reversible Expansion
Pressure is usually infinitesimally different between the interior and exterior of the system, and because it is always infinitesimally changing in order to change the volume, that's why we assume that pressure is not constant in a reversible, isothermal reaction. That's why we use the ideal gas equ...
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 9:27 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Calculating K for partial pressures
- Replies: 1
- Views: 155
Calculating K for partial pressures
When calculating partial pressures from equilibrium constant K, does it have to be in bar? So if we got numbers for the partial pressures but the question asked for them to be in kPa, would we have to convert them to kPa from bar because they're automatically in bar?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 9:24 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Internal Energy State Function
- Replies: 2
- Views: 236
Internal Energy State Function
Is internal energy a state function? Why?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 9:23 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Enthalpy of Formation Intensive Property
- Replies: 2
- Views: 779
Enthalpy of Formation Intensive Property
Is enthalpy of formation an intensive property because it's only for one mole of substance?
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 1:47 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: Free Energy, pressure, and equilibrium constant
- Replies: 2
- Views: 321
Free Energy, pressure, and equilibrium constant
Why/how does free energy depend on pressure and the equilibrium constant?
- Sat Feb 10, 2018 3:47 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: 8.101 (c) and (f)
- Replies: 3
- Views: 332
8.101 (c) and (f)
A technician carries out the reaction 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) --> 2SO3 (g) at 25 degrees celsius and 1.00 atm in a constant-pressure cylinder fitted with a piston. Initially, 0.030 mol SO2 and 0.030 mol O2 are present in the cylinder. The technician then adds a catalyst to initiate the reaction. (c) Assum...
- Sat Feb 10, 2018 8:53 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Isolated System Constant volume [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 122
Isolated System Constant volume [ENDORSED]
Do all isolated systems have constant volume, or is that only for sealed calorimeters?
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 8:09 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 11.83
- Replies: 2
- Views: 189
11.83
Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 degrees celsius and at 150 degrees celsius for each of the following reactions, using data available in appendix 2A. Why can't we just use the standard Gibbs free energy of formation to calculate the standard Gibbs free energy and use that for both temperatur...
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 7:32 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Delta G Standard
- Replies: 2
- Views: 559
Delta G Standard
If standard Delta G is negative, does that mean it's spontaneous for the forward reaction? Because the equation standard Delta G = -RTln(K) represents equilibrium, so when standard Delta G is negative, technically the reaction is at equilibrium, so would it still be spontaneous in the forward direct...
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 1:13 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Delta G positive
- Replies: 2
- Views: 215
Delta G positive
If delta G standard is positive, does that mean it's spontaneous in the reverse direction?
- Thu Feb 08, 2018 12:20 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: Exothermic and decrease in tempterature
- Replies: 4
- Views: 416
Exothermic and decrease in tempterature
I know that if a reaction is exothermic and the temperature is raised, the formation of reactants will be favored because K1 is smaller than K2. However, if a reaction is exothermic and the temperature is lowered, would the formation of products be favored? So does the favorability of either product...
- Wed Feb 07, 2018 10:56 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Standard Conditions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 273
Standard Conditions
What are standard conditions? For pressure, temperature, etc?
- Wed Feb 07, 2018 2:18 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Delta S Total Negative [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 162
Delta S Total Negative [ENDORSED]
Is it possible for the change in entropy of the universe to be negative? Or does it have to be either zero or positive?
- Mon Feb 05, 2018 10:54 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Lecture: Gibb's Free Energy
- Replies: 1
- Views: 62
Lecture: Gibb's Free Energy
In lecture, Dr. Lavelle derived the equation to find the change in Gibb's free energy for the reaction quotient: Delta G= standard delta G + RTln(Q) Later, he mentioned something about how if you wanted to make a reaction move right, start off with very little product. Can someone explain what this ...
- Mon Feb 05, 2018 10:05 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Reaction Free Energy
- Replies: 1
- Views: 72
Reaction Free Energy
Why does reaction free energy depend on pressure and the equilibrium constant?
- Mon Feb 05, 2018 10:21 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 9.55
- Replies: 1
- Views: 77
9.55
Write the balanced chemical equation for the formation reaction of (a) NH3 (g) For each reaction, determine delta H (standard), delta S (standard), and delta G (standard). How do we know if the question is asking for delta S of the reaction or if it's asking for standard molar entropy? The solutions...
- Thu Feb 01, 2018 12:02 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: 9.47 B
- Replies: 2
- Views: 214
9.47 B
Initially a sample of ideal gas at 323 K occupies 1.67 L at 4.94 atm. The gas is allowed to expand to 7.33 L by 2 pathways: (b) isothermal, irreversible free expansion. Calculate deltaS total, deltaS system, and delta S surroundings for each pathway. Why is delta S total not 0 J/K anymore? What are ...
- Thu Feb 01, 2018 11:09 am
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: 9.25 Avogadro's Number?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 252
9.25 Avogadro's Number?
If SO2F2 adopts a positionally disordered arrangement in its crystal form, what might its residual molar entropy be? Why do we raise the number of microstates to Avogadro's number? How do we know it's talking about one mole of SO2F2? Why isn't it just raised to the power of 1 because it's one molecu...
- Wed Jan 31, 2018 2:50 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Closed System Internal Energy [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 136
Closed System Internal Energy [ENDORSED]
Can the change in internal energy of a closed system be 0? In this way, q=-w, so if a system does work (expands its volume), heat would move into the system and keep the change in internal energy 0, but would it happen under a closed system? And would the system be expanding reversibly or irreversib...
- Tue Jan 30, 2018 11:21 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: 9.37 (d)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 121
9.37 (d)
Use data in Table 9.3 or Appendix 2A to calculate the standard reaction entropy for each of the following reactions at 25 degrees celsius. For each reaction, interpret the sign and magnitude of the reaction entropy. (d) The decomposition of potassium chlorate: 4KClO3 (s) --> 3KClO4 (s) + KCl (s) Why...
- Tue Jan 30, 2018 10:26 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: 9.33 (a)
- Replies: 3
- Views: 628
9.33 (a)
Without performing any calculations, predict whether there is an increase or a decrease in entropy for each of the following processes: (a) Cl2 (g) + H2O (l) --> HCl (aq) + HClO (aq) The answer says that entropy decreases because there's not as many moles of gas on the right side of the equation. Sh...
- Tue Jan 30, 2018 10:03 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: 9.27 A
- Replies: 5
- Views: 397
9.27 A
Which substance in each of the following pairs has the higher molar entropy at 298 K?
(a) HBr (g) or HF(g)
Can someone explain why HBr (g) has higher molar entropy? How can you tell if something has higher molar entropy in general? Is there a trend?
(a) HBr (g) or HF(g)
Can someone explain why HBr (g) has higher molar entropy? How can you tell if something has higher molar entropy in general? Is there a trend?
- Tue Jan 23, 2018 11:06 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Calorimeters Isolated
- Replies: 2
- Views: 355
Calorimeters Isolated
Are all calorimeters isolated? Or is the only isolated calorimeter the bomb calorimeter?
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 5:13 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Difference Between Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Calorimeter
- Replies: 1
- Views: 887
Difference Between Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Calorimeter
What's the difference between a constant volume and a constant pressure calorimeter? Are there any calculation differences? For example, for #25 in chapter 8, it's a constant-volume calorimeter and we first found the specific heat of the calorimeter and then found q. In the example we did in class (...
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 10:16 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.77 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 176
8.77 [ENDORSED]
Benzene is more stable and less reactive than would be predicted from its Kekule structures. Use the mean bond enthalpies in Table 8.7 to calculate the lowering in molar energy when resonance is allowed between the Kekule structures of benzene. What does it mean in terms of enthalpy when it says ben...
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 10:07 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.65
- Replies: 3
- Views: 398
8.65
65. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation from dinitrogen pentoxide form the following data, 2NO (g) + O2 (g) --> 2NO2 (g) delta h = -114.1 kJ 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g) --> 2N2O5 (g) delta h = -110.2 kJ and from the standard enthalpy of formation of nitric oxide, NO. How do you go about solving this?
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 10:04 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.67
- Replies: 2
- Views: 197
Re: 8.67
I'm pretty sure it's because when writing out the standard reaction equation for each of the compounds, carbon's standard state is C(gr) which is a solid, but in order to use bond enthalpies, carbon must be in a gaseous form, so the enthalpy of sublimation for carbon is to convert C(gr) -- solid -- ...
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 10:01 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Standard enthalpies of formation [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 200
Standard enthalpies of formation [ENDORSED]
In what case would a standard reaction enthalpy be equal to the standard enthalpy of formation?
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 9:35 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Standard enthalpies on test 1 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 397
Re: Standard enthalpies on test 1 [ENDORSED]
When a molecule is diatomic, does that mean they have the same atoms (eg: H2 (g)) or do they also have different atoms? If they have different atoms, is the standard enthalpy change still 0?
- Sat Jan 20, 2018 12:41 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Ch 8 #53 Part b
- Replies: 7
- Views: 670
Ch 8 #53 Part b
The reaction of 1.40 g of carbon monoxide with excess water vapor to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gases in a bomb calorimeter causes the temperature of the calorimeter assembly to rise from 22.113 C to 22.799 C. The calorimeter assembly is known to have a total heat capacity of 3.00 kJ/C. (b)...
- Sat Jan 20, 2018 8:33 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Standard enthalpies on test 1 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 397
Re: Standard enthalpies on test 1 [ENDORSED]
We should probably know that everything in the halogens group's standard states are in gases, except for Br2, whose standard state is in liquid form, and I2, whose standard state is in solid form.
- Mon Jan 15, 2018 1:43 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Ch. 8 #15 Part d
- Replies: 2
- Views: 213
Ch. 8 #15 Part d
In an adiabatic process, no energy is transferred as heat. Indicate whether each of the following statements about an adiabatic process in a closed system is always true, always false, or true in certain conditions (specify the conditions): (d) delta U=q Why is this true when w=0? I thought it's alw...
- Mon Jan 15, 2018 9:33 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Ch. 8 #57
- Replies: 1
- Views: 758
Ch. 8 #57
Determine the reaction enthalpy for the hydrogenation of ethyne to ethane, C2H2 (g) + H2 (g) --> C2H6 (g), from the following data: delta Hc (C2H2,g)= -1300 kj/mol, delta Hc (C2H6,g) = -1560 kj/mol, delta Hc (H2,g)= -286 kj/mol. Can someone explain how to do this? Why is it that delta Hc(C2H6,g) bec...
- Mon Jan 15, 2018 9:28 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: HW Ch.8 #59 and 63
- Replies: 7
- Views: 404
Re: HW Ch.8 #59 and 63
I think that if it's asking for the standard reaction enthalpy, it's the enthalpy change for the entire equation so it doesn't matter how many moles of the substance itself because it's kind of like one mole of the entire reaction. I'm assuming this is why it can be in kJ and not kJ/mol. However, if...
- Thu Jan 11, 2018 11:37 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: HW Ch.8 #59 and 63
- Replies: 7
- Views: 404
HW Ch.8 #59 and 63
For #59, the answer writes the standard reaction enthalpy in kJ/mol. However, in #63, the answer key for standard reaction enthalpy is in kJ only. Why are some reaction enthalpies in kJ/mol and some in just kJ?
- Tue Jan 09, 2018 9:55 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Delta U
- Replies: 3
- Views: 363
Re: Delta U
Since delta U = q + w, if delta U is 0, then q would equal w. This means that the heat transferred to and from a system is equal to the work done by or on a system. I may be wrong, though; correct me if I am!
- Tue Jan 09, 2018 5:38 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: q=∆H clarification [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 284
Re: q=∆H clarification [ENDORSED]
Constant volume would mean that work (w) equals 0 because of the equation w= external pressure * change in volume. This means that the change in energy at constant volume would only equal q (delta U = q), which is the amount of heat given off or absorbed in a reaction.
- Mon Jan 08, 2018 4:57 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Temperature and Exothermic Reaction [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 299
Temperature and Exothermic Reaction [ENDORSED]
In lecture, Dr. Lavelle talked about how the temperature doesn't necessarily change in an exothermic reaction, even though an exothermic reaction suggests a net release of heat. Can someone explain this?
- Fri Dec 08, 2017 9:34 am
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: HF Acid Vs HBr Acid
- Replies: 2
- Views: 450
HF Acid Vs HBr Acid
I know that the more polar a bond is, the stronger the acid. However, HF has a greater polar bond than HBr, but HBr is still a stronger acid? Can someone explain this?
- Fri Dec 08, 2017 8:21 am
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron Configuration for Br- (Bromide ion)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 5516
Electron Configuration for Br- (Bromide ion)
Can the electron configuration for Br- be written as [Kr] or does it have to be written as [Ar]3d10 4s2 4p6?
- Wed Dec 06, 2017 7:49 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: Stable Conjugate base
- Replies: 1
- Views: 231
Stable Conjugate base
What does stable conjugate base mean? Is a stable conjugate base the same as a weak base because its acid is strong? Does a stable acid mean it's a stronger acid?
- Tue Dec 05, 2017 6:44 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: 12.53 (B)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 188
12.53 (B)
Suggest an explanation for the different strengths of
(b) acetic acid and formic acid
Why is formic acid a stronger acid than acetic acid?
(b) acetic acid and formic acid
Why is formic acid a stronger acid than acetic acid?
- Tue Dec 05, 2017 10:11 am
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: HW 12.3 c
- Replies: 2
- Views: 343
Re: HW 12.3 c
In the question, it says to write the equilibria for the following acids, suggesting that H2PO4^- is acting as an acid when you write it in this case.
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 10:53 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Ch 12 #27
- Replies: 2
- Views: 236
Re: Ch 12 #27
I believe it's like calculating M2 using the M1V1=M2V2 equation. M1=0.025 and V1=0.2 L. M2=? and V2=0.25 L. In order to find M2, you divide 0.025*0.2 by 0.25, and that gives you 0.02 M. Since HCl dissociates all the way and creates H3O+ ions, we can assume that the concentration of H3O+ is also 0.02...
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 5:47 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Chem. Equilibrium Part 3 Post-Assess. #19
- Replies: 3
- Views: 389
Re: Chem. Equilibrium Part 3 Post-Assess. #19
We only assume X is small because the K equilibrium constant is small enough to consider the change in concentration for the products negligible.
- Mon Dec 04, 2017 9:12 am
- Forum: Significant Figures
- Topic: Significant Figures [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 400
Significant Figures [ENDORSED]
How many places can we be off by (according to the official answer) to still get full credit? For example, if my answer is 115*10^-9 m, but the answer in the answer key is 116*10^-9 m, will I still get full credit?
- Sun Dec 03, 2017 10:51 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: Bond Order
- Replies: 4
- Views: 542
Bond Order
How do you calculate bond order of a molecule?
- Sat Dec 02, 2017 8:48 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: 12.17
- Replies: 1
- Views: 180
12.17
State whether the following oxides are acidic, basic, or amphoteric:
(a) BaO
(b) SO3
(c) As2O3
(d) Bi2O3
How do you know which oxide is acidic, basic, or amphoteric? How would you go about answering this problem?
(a) BaO
(b) SO3
(c) As2O3
(d) Bi2O3
How do you know which oxide is acidic, basic, or amphoteric? How would you go about answering this problem?
- Sat Dec 02, 2017 6:16 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Bronsted Acid and Base Reaction
- Replies: 2
- Views: 282
Bronsted Acid and Base Reaction
How do you know which reaction can be classified as a Bronsted acid and base reaction?
- Sat Dec 02, 2017 6:00 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Lewis Acids and Bases Vs. Bronsted Acids and Bases
- Replies: 4
- Views: 367
Lewis Acids and Bases Vs. Bronsted Acids and Bases
Can someone explain the relationship between Lewis acids and Bronsted acids, and Lewis bases and Bronsted bases? Eg: is a Lewis acid the same as a Bronsted acid (the electron acceptor is the same as the proton donor)?
- Tue Nov 28, 2017 6:03 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Repulsion Strength
- Replies: 1
- Views: 361
Repulsion Strength
In lecture, Professor Lavelle talked about the order of repulsion strength: lone-lone pair> lone-bonding pair> bonding-bonding pair.
Can someone explain this more in depth?
Can someone explain this more in depth?
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 5:12 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Naming -ate
- Replies: 2
- Views: 257
Naming -ate
I know that we add "-ate" to the end of a metal name if the complex has a negative charge (eg: [Ni(CN)4]2- is ...nickelate (II)), but why is it that in some cases, we still use "-ate" even though the complex does not have an overall negative charge? An example would be K3[CoF6], ...
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 4:56 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Chem Equilibrium Module 4 #15 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 6
- Views: 812
Re: Chem Equilibrium Module 4 #15 [ENDORSED]
Thanks everyone!
I had another question: if a reactant was a solid and amount of solid was increased, would the reaction move to products side as well?
I had another question: if a reactant was a solid and amount of solid was increased, would the reaction move to products side as well?
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 10:19 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Chem Equilibrium Module 4 #15 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 6
- Views: 812
Chem Equilibrium Module 4 #15 [ENDORSED]
15. The photosynthesis reaction, 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) ⇌ C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g), is endothermic. What effect will the following changes have on the equilibrium composition. a) Water is added. b) The partial pressure of CO2 is decreased. I thought that liquids have no effect on the equilibrium compositi...
- Sat Nov 25, 2017 6:27 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Chem Equilibrium Module 3 #29 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 290
Chem Equilibrium Module 3 #29 [ENDORSED]
29. A researcher fills a 1.00 L reaction vessel with 1.84 x 10-4 mol of BrCl gas and heats it to 500 K. At equilibrium, only 18.3 % of the BrCl gas remains. Calculate the equilibrium constant, assuming the following reaction is taking place. 2BrCl(g) ⇌ Br2 (g) + Cl2(g) I keep getting 1.68 x 10^-4, b...
- Fri Nov 24, 2017 3:30 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: 4.75 Part a
- Replies: 1
- Views: 211
4.75 Part a
An organic compound distilled from wood was found to have a molar mass of 32.04 g/mol and the following composition by mass: 37.5% C, 12.6% H, and 49.9% O. (a) Write the Lewis structure of the compound and determine the bond angles about the carbon and oxygen atoms. Why is the bond angle about the o...
- Fri Nov 24, 2017 3:16 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: HW 4.73
- Replies: 2
- Views: 393
HW 4.73
(a) Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following species: CH3+, CH4, CH3-, CH2; CH2 2+, CH2 2-. (b) Identify each as a radical or not. (c) Rank them in order of increasing HCH bond angles. Explain your choices Why does CH2 have a smaller bond angle than CH3+? Is it because the lone pair pushes d...
- Mon Nov 20, 2017 2:11 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.11 Part b
- Replies: 2
- Views: 492
11.11 Part b
A 0.10 mol sample of pure ozone, O3, is placed in a sealed 1.0-L container and the reaction 2O3 (g) --> <-- 3O2 (g) is allowed to reach equilibrium. A 0.50 sample of pure ozone is placed in a second 1.0-L container at the same temperature and allowed to reach equilibrium. Without doing any calculati...
- Mon Nov 20, 2017 1:37 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: 11.3 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 273
11.3 [ENDORSED]
Write the equilibrium expression K for each of the following reactions: (a)2C2H4(g) + O2(g) + 4HCl(g) --> <-- 2C2H4Cl2(g) + 2H2O(g) How do we know whether to write the equilibrium Kp or Kc? In the answer key, K was written as the equilibrium expression for partial pressure (Kp), but how would we kno...
- Mon Nov 20, 2017 1:18 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Equatorial vs Axial [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 315
Re: Equatorial vs Axial [ENDORSED]
Axial would basically be the line the runs from top to bottom, and equatorial would be anything that goes around the vertical line. Most of the time, when taking out bonds and replacing them with lone pairs, we take bonds from the equatorial position because the bond angles would be greater, giving ...
- Tue Nov 14, 2017 10:14 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Chapter 4 #13 Part D
- Replies: 1
- Views: 163
Chapter 4 #13 Part D
Write the Lewis structure, VSEPR formula, molecular shape, and bond angles for each of the following species:
(d) N2O
The most stable Lewis structure should a triple bond between N and N -- why does the answer key show a not-as-stable Lewis structure?
(d) N2O
The most stable Lewis structure should a triple bond between N and N -- why does the answer key show a not-as-stable Lewis structure?
- Tue Nov 14, 2017 9:55 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Ch 4 #11 Part b and more
- Replies: 2
- Views: 492
Ch 4 #11 Part b and more
Using Lewis structures and VSEPR, give the VSEPR formula for each of the following species and predict its shape: (b) Iodine Trichloride When I drew out the Lewis structure, there turned out to be 2 lone pairs on the Iodine atom. I understand that the name of the shape should be influenced only by t...
- Mon Nov 06, 2017 4:54 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Dipole Moment and Formal Charge
- Replies: 1
- Views: 434
Dipole Moment and Formal Charge
Is there a relationship between a molecule having a dipole moment and the atoms having formal charges that aren't 0? For example, the Lewis Structure of CO shows that it's linear, but the formal charges on C and O are -1 and +1 respectively -- does that create a dipole moment?
- Mon Nov 06, 2017 4:29 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Dipole Moment of CO
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1686
Dipole Moment of CO
How does CO have a dipole moment if the Lewis structure shows that the shape is linear?
- Sun Nov 05, 2017 4:34 pm
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: Heisenberg Post-Module #18 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 443
Heisenberg Post-Module #18 [ENDORSED]
The hydrogen atom has a radius of approximately 0.05 nm. Assume that we know the position of an electron to an accuracy of 1 % of the hydrogen radius, calculate the uncertainty in the speed of the electron using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Comment on your value obtained. Would you have to ...
- Mon Oct 30, 2017 10:08 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron affinity [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 321
Re: Electron affinity [ENDORSED]
Is electron affinity similar to electronegativity in the sense that both describes how likely it is for an atom to accept an electron?
- Mon Oct 30, 2017 10:07 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron Affinity [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 497
Re: Electron Affinity [ENDORSED]
Does silicon also have a higher electron affinity than phosphorus because phosphorus is already in its stable half-filled subshell? Does this mean that the elements with stable, half-filled subshells always have lower electron affinity levels than the elements next to them due to them already being ...
- Mon Oct 30, 2017 9:41 am
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Chapter 2, #43 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 370
Re: Chapter 2, #43 [ENDORSED]
Any element in group 11 follows a similar electron configuration of Cr, in which the d subshell is full and the s subshell misses an electron.