CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

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Concentration affects K.

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How do you know which experiment of the ones listed to analyze when finding the rate constant? 15.17C, for example, uses its Experiment 1, but 15.19C uses its Experiment 4.

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Why doesn't a second element's simultaneous decrease in concentration appear to affect the examined element's proportionate increase in concentration?

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Though we haven't learned this in class, it can be 0.5 if it can be split to then react with the second reactant.

Therefore it is not always a whole number.

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Follow-up question regarding this question, what equation did you use to find Q?

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Adding catalysts to a reaction can increase the rate of the reaction. The ratio of reactant to product can also affect the rate of the forward reaction. (Larger ratio means the reaction goes forward faster.)

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Zero is when the rate does not depend on the reactant concentration.
First is when the rate is proportionate to the reactant concentration.
Second is when the rate is proportionate to the square of the reactant concentration.

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Why, when solving for the rate, is [B] squared?

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Why do we divide by [(mol A) * L^-1]^n when determining units?

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Yes, as taking the tangent at the beginning would mean the reaction is misrepresented as going faster than it is at the end, and the reverse would be true for taking the tangent at the end.

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I’m not sure how to do all of it, but use the rule of 70 for part (a).

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Do you ever write H2O in the cell diagram? Why or why not?

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During lecture today, Dr. Lavelle solved the potential energy of the cell given:
Ag+ (1.0 M) —> Ag+(0.1 M)
He then solved the potential out to be
E(cell) = Eº - (0.0592/n)log[P]/[R] = 0 - (0.0592/1)log10 = 0.0592 V

Maybe I miswrote this, but how is E(cell) positive in the end?

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What equation can you assume to be true in an adiabatic reaction, and what about the adiabatic reaction makes it true?

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During discussion, I heard, “If both the cathode and anode energies are positive, you should lower the magnitude.” What is magnitude exactly, and how do you lower it?

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When do you know to put Pt(s) on only one side or both sides of the || for the cell diagram?

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Why would one use a comma instead of a | between two components of a cathode?

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Why doesn't multiplying the equation of the cathode change the Eº of the cathode?

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Can you only use the following equation when the temperature is 298K? If so, why? If not, when do you use it?

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Why is the initial pressure the numerator of the ln segment of the equation, though volume and temperature changes entail the respective final value as their numerators?

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What type of system is the universe, and how do you know?

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What equation do you use for the equation and why? What given values or key phrases in a word problem do you look for when determining to use this equation?

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Why does the Cp value use the 5/2 fraction, but Cv use the 3/2 fraction? I know one is the derivative of the other but I’m not sure how that process works?

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Why does the pressure instantly drop at the beginning of the chart? In other words, what was the definition of the vertical brown line to the left?

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When do you know whether to use the w=Pext(Delta)V equation or the w=nRTln(Vf/Vi)?

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How do you know which value of the constant R to use for different equations?

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I am not sure where to begin when approaching this problem. What equation do you use and why? The solution manual is very vague.

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To elaborate on why this is true, the energy released by the metal cannot escape the system, therefore it must transfer to the water. The negative sign serves to show that the energy gained by water is lossed by the metal and needs a negative sign to show that inverse relationship.

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The sum of the two non-state properties, work and heat, creates an equation that is a state property. Each of the two is dependent on the process of achieving the final from the initial, making the result not constant.

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The definitions of exo-/endothermic reactions are in respect to heat, therefore I do not think the terms apply to other forms of energy gain/loss.

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Compression is the decrease of volume within the system, and pressure is the force upon the moles of reactants and products within the system. Their relationship is inverse. Pressure and compression both only change the molarities and the side of the reaction that the system favors, but they will no...

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How do I know when to use the quadratic equation to find x?

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There are two molecules of OH within the molecule, making the ratio 1:2 of concentration of Ba(OH)2 to OH, making there be double the amount (or concentration) of the OH molecules.

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How do you know when to or not to separate the H from the molecule when completely expanding an acid-base chemical equation?
(I was not sure under what topic to ask this question.)

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What is the difference between the molecular and electron arrangements? Would you be able to say, for example, that the electron arrangement is tetrahedral, even if the molecular shape is trigonal pyramidal?

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To elaborate, increasing the amount of reactant increases the number of moles. This increase in moles then increases the moles per liter of the reactant, also known as the concentration. Because K will only change if the temperature changes, the ratio must be adjusted proportionately, and the produc...

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Yes. Their concentrations do not change, and adding them to the equation would be the equivalent of dividing and multiplying the equation by 1.

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I think to really understand formal charge people need to know that it assumes covalent bonds are shared equally when in that's not true when atoms are electronegative. This means that at time even though due to formal charge the atom may have a full shell, but in actuality the other bonded atom pu...

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I vaguely remember discussing that H2O ligands can be substituted for NH3 molecules, for example, but am not quite sure why. Could anyone explain this to me?

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What is the significance of the 3 superscript within the hybridization notation, 2sp^3 ?

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When you have the Lewis structure of the molecule drawn out, this is one of the ways I learned to quickly find formal charge: 1. Find the number of valence electrons of the given atom based on the periodic table. (n) 2. Draw a circle around the atom in the Lewis structure; find the number of total a...

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One of the exam questions regarded finding elements that were not isoelectronic to F-. Would atoms that had the electron configuration equivalent to [He] be acceptable? Why/why not?

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the shift of an electron's flight with respect to a photon's energy being shot at it. What is this experiment? Can u explain more of it? When the magnetic force is applied to a group of electron particles with a same initial trajectory, the electrons did not continue on the same trajectory once the...

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When writing out the molecular formula BF3 + :NH3 --> NH3BF3, why does one draw the two dots next to NH3 reactant?

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Is there a more efficient way to determine the most stable bond of a molecule than purely attempting all of the possible bonds?

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I remember Dr. Lavelle mentioning certain elements as exceptions to the general table trend regarding electronegativity. Does anyone know which elements they are and why they are an exception?

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The Hamiltonian is the energy that is enacted upon a wavefunction that changes gradually.

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On exams, there will be given information on which axis the electron orbitals are on. If this information is not given, just write p.

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Balmer series, the visible region of light, and Lyman series, the UV region of light, each interact with electrons that have ground states in different orbitals. Balmer interacts with electrons that come from the second energy level (n=2), and Lyman interacts with electrons from the first energy lev...

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The magnetic field goes vertically, and the way I remember is the North and South Poles hold the most magnetic force. The electric field goes horizontally, and this is because it must be perpendicular to the magnetic field in order to explain the shift of an electron's flight with respect to a photo...

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To add a little more context if you were curious as to why they picked the element and quantities that they did, the decision was arbitrary. As Dr. Lavelle explained in a lecture earlier this week, the Avogadro's number could have depended on 10g of cobalt. Though, carbon is an easily obtainable ele...

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Something Dr. Lavelle mentioned in class today about temperature units may help you determine which to use when not specified. As aforementioned, Celsius is more commonly used to measure the temperature, whereas Kelvin is more commonly used in calculations. I presume this is so because Kelvin units ...

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