Search found 61 matches
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 9:17 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.17 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 505
Re: 14.17 [ENDORSED]
For this though, couldn't the Fe be oxidized into Fe2+? Why does it have to be Fe2+ oxidized into Fe3+?
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 9:14 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Rate Constant Units
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1338
Re: Rate Constant Units
Remember that multiplying my L/mol is the same thing as dividing by M, or multiplying by M-1.
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 9:12 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: mechanisms
- Replies: 3
- Views: 641
Re: mechanisms
Rate laws are determined experimentally generally rather than by analyzing the chemical equation, so it's often a difficult task to figure out the specific mechanism for a specific rate law.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 6:17 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Negative k? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1079
Re: Negative k? [ENDORSED]
Since there can't be a negative amount of products or reactants that exists in a chemical equilibrium, the rate constant must be positive.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 6:13 pm
- Forum: Experimental Details
- Topic: Homework Problem 15.3 Part C
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1142
Re: Homework Problem 15.3 Part C
It's the rate that's unique to that reaction, separate from the coefficients you multiply to get to the reaction rates with regards to species in the reaction.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 6:01 pm
- Forum: Interesting Applications: Rechargeable Batteries (Cell Phones, Notebooks, Cars), Fuel Cells (Space Shuttle), Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Panels), Electrolysis, Rust
- Topic: Electroplating
- Replies: 2
- Views: 435
Re: Electroplating
Looking over the hw problems and chapter outlines will always give a good overview of what we need to know.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:56 pm
- Forum: Interesting Applications: Rechargeable Batteries (Cell Phones, Notebooks, Cars), Fuel Cells (Space Shuttle), Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Panels), Electrolysis, Rust
- Topic: Ion-selective electrode
- Replies: 2
- Views: 477
Re: Ion-selective electrode
Any idea how those work though? Does it have something to do with the reduction potentials of different ions?
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:54 pm
- Forum: Interesting Applications: Rechargeable Batteries (Cell Phones, Notebooks, Cars), Fuel Cells (Space Shuttle), Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Panels), Electrolysis, Rust
- Topic: The Chromium example
- Replies: 2
- Views: 582
Re: The Chromium example
This common type of process is called electroplating, in case you wanted to read more about it!
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:51 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Heat Capacities of Gases
- Replies: 3
- Views: 685
Re: Heat Capacities of Gases
Know that Cv = 3/2 *R, because the v and the 3 make a heart! <3
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:42 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Equations
- Replies: 4
- Views: 797
Re: Equations
It's always useful to be very familiar with all the equations you might use, so that you don't have to spend time flipping to the first page and searching for them!
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:40 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.77
- Replies: 2
- Views: 463
Re: 8.77
It's more stable because the electrons are delocalized.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:35 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: external pressure
- Replies: 2
- Views: 420
Re: external pressure
Problems will supply you with the constant external pressure if that's the case. Often times that value is 1 atm.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:31 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples (*DNA Structural Transitions, etc.)
- Topic: Biological systems
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1509
Re: Biological systems
Many of the reaction pathways that are taught in biology are long chains of these connected reactions, like in glycolysis, the Krebs/Citric acid cycle, and the Calvin cycle. These metabolic pathways are crucial to the survival of an enormous number of organisms, and are happening all the time.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:26 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: infinitesimal change
- Replies: 3
- Views: 2316
Re: infinitesimal change
Infinitesimal doesn't necessarily have to do with time, it's just denoting a mathematical value smaller than anything measurable. A change that's infinitesimal can refer to time, pressure, volume, temperature, or anything you want to assign it to since it's unitless.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 5:05 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: Derivation
- Replies: 5
- Views: 864
Re: Derivation
It doesn't take too long to learn it, it's just the combination of a couple equations for delta G that are given to you.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 4:55 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Review Session Question
- Replies: 2
- Views: 385
Re: Review Session Question
Isothermal, reversible processes would be an example of this.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 4:50 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.23 b
- Replies: 3
- Views: 479
Re: 15.23 b
It's just algebraic manipulation; flipping the numerator and denominator will give you the negative log value.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 4:47 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.13
- Replies: 4
- Views: 649
Re: 15.13
Gases spread to fill the entire container that they're housed in, unlike liquids and solids. So if the volume of the vessel they're in is .75 L, that's their volume.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 4:44 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Stopped Flow Technique
- Replies: 2
- Views: 570
Re: Stopped Flow Technique
Attoseconds are much faster than what's controllable by a stopped syringe - they're 10^-18 seconds. That's a unit of time that's completely unheard of in science, except at quantum level.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 4:41 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: activation energy [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 756
Re: activation energy [ENDORSED]
Activation energy has to do with kinetics. Thermodynamics is concerned with the difference in internal energy before and after the reaction, which is a different concept, and mathematical value from the activation energy for the same reaction.
- Fri Mar 09, 2018 1:21 am
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Definition of Reaction Rate
- Replies: 4
- Views: 750
Definition of Reaction Rate
Why is reaction rate given the units M/s? Why not something like moles/s or g/s? Or even %mass/s? Is this just an arbitrary decision or is there some deeper meaning baked into this definition?
- Thu Mar 08, 2018 7:09 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Post All Chemistry Jokes Here
- Replies: 9651
- Views: 3591183
Re: Post All Chemistry Jokes Here
What do you do when you find a questionable amount of sulfur, tungsten, and silver in your backpack?
Keep calm and SWAg on!!!!!!!11!!!11!!!!!
-- Andrew Nguyen
Keep calm and SWAg on!!!!!!!11!!!11!!!!!
-- Andrew Nguyen
- Thu Mar 08, 2018 7:07 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Post All Chemistry Jokes Here
- Replies: 9651
- Views: 3591183
Re: Post All Chemistry Jokes Here
If you're not a part of the solution, you're a part of the precipitate.
- Fri Feb 16, 2018 1:31 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Using Kelvin [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 470
Re: Using Kelvin [ENDORSED]
It's generally better to use more sig figs in your constants so your final answer is more accurate, but if the number of sig figs are low (<3) for any other value that you plug into the problem, then you'll be fine as well since your final answer won't have a lot of sig figs anyways.
- Fri Feb 16, 2018 1:09 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Is enthalpy a state function?
- Replies: 12
- Views: 2228
Is enthalpy a state function?
Is enthalpy a state function?
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 11:30 am
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Standard molar entropy of cyclopentane vs 1-pentene
- Replies: 2
- Views: 819
Re: Standard molar entropy of cyclopentane vs 1-pentene
Bonds in the cyclopentane can't rotate freely in any way since that would break the ring. However, in 1-pentene, the molecules aren't bound into a shape, and are relatively free to rotate while still maintaining the same structure.
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 11:20 am
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: change in entropy total
- Replies: 2
- Views: 466
Re: change in entropy total
Also, with q/T, if there's any heat transfer, there must be some change in entropy.
- Mon Feb 12, 2018 11:09 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 9.99
- Replies: 1
- Views: 263
Re: 9.99
9.99 doesn't have a part b, maybe you were referring to 101?
- Sat Feb 03, 2018 1:40 am
- Forum: Biological Examples (*DNA Structural Transitions, etc.)
- Topic: Heat Capacity [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 2392
Re: Heat Capacity [ENDORSED]
Intermolecular forces also play a large role in determining heat capacity; for example, water has a pretty high specific heat due to hydrogen bonding between the atoms. This is somewhat related to molecular complexity.
- Sat Feb 03, 2018 1:28 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Work and Reversible Process [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 345
Re: Work and Reversible Process [ENDORSED]
It's convenient also to think of reversible processes as the ideal situation; the system should be thermally insulated from its surroundings.
- Sat Feb 03, 2018 12:52 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs Free Energy vs. Potential Energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2641
Gibbs Free Energy vs. Potential Energy
What's the difference between Gibbs Free Energy and Potential Energy? Is there a general equation for Potential Energy? In physics, U = mgh is used very often to represent it, so I'm curious if there's any unifying equation for Potential Energy...
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 10:08 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Formation of Snow in Clouds [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 7395
Re: Formation of Snow in Clouds [ENDORSED]
Heat transfer always involves something getting hotter and another thing getting colder so that the first law of thermodynamics is obeyed and the universe stays functioning. When water turns into ice, it's getting colder, and so the surroundings must get warmer to balance out the heat transfer. When...
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 9:56 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: What is the pressure value for standard states?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 434
Re: What is the pressure value for standard states?
1 atm = 1.01325 bar
1 bar = 100,000 Pa
For most questions that don't require extremely accurate measurements, though, there's not enough difference to necessitate this distinction.
1 bar = 100,000 Pa
For most questions that don't require extremely accurate measurements, though, there's not enough difference to necessitate this distinction.
- Fri Jan 26, 2018 9:47 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.99
- Replies: 3
- Views: 442
Re: 8.99
Also, if you're ever unable to find the enthalpy value or any other kind of experimental value, you can always Google it. There's another earlier homework problem in which you needed to use the specific heat capacity of Cu, and for that I just Ok Google'd it because that's really the fastest way to ...
- Wed Jan 17, 2018 9:35 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: 8.1 systems
- Replies: 4
- Views: 517
Re: 8.1 systems
I just think of the exhaust pipes and the exhaust fumes that come out of the car; instantly then it becomes obvious that the car engine is an open system.
- Wed Jan 17, 2018 9:29 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Heating Curves
- Replies: 1
- Views: 169
Re: Heating Curves
For the purposes of doing HW and acing tests, I don't think this is very pertinent to the scope of this class. However, if you're interested, take a look at these links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheating
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercooling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheating
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercooling
- Wed Jan 17, 2018 9:26 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: 8.19 heating water in a copper kettle
- Replies: 3
- Views: 548
Re: 8.19 heating water in a copper kettle
So long as the problem doesn't tell you to disregard the container the water is in, it's a good idea to incorporate the given mass of the container into the problem-solving process. Everything has a specific heat capacity; in fact, glass has a higher specific heat capacity than copper. Copper: 0.385...
- Sat Jan 13, 2018 12:29 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Diatomic Molecules
- Replies: 6
- Views: 4889
Re: Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Diatomic Molecules
It's also of note that standard enthalpy refers to when the pressure is at 1 atm and 25 degrees C (298 K).
- Fri Jan 12, 2018 9:53 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Ideal Gas
- Replies: 5
- Views: 445
Re: Ideal Gas
No gas behaves completely like an ideal gas; however, in many situations, especially those with relatively low pressure and small gas particles, gases behave close enough to ideal gas behavior that the ideal gas law is a very good approximation for the situation.
- Fri Jan 12, 2018 9:47 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Isothermal Expansion
- Replies: 2
- Views: 301
Re: Isothermal Expansion
Isothermal expansion is when a system remains at the same temperature. It's in contact with a heat reservoir like a water bath, which keeps the temperature constant, and this process is done slowly enough that the system can continually adjust to maintain the right temperature.
- Sun Dec 10, 2017 3:12 am
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: 12.53 b
- Replies: 1
- Views: 443
Re: 12.53 b
The methyl group of acetic acid has greater electron donating power than the single H in formic acid, meaning it destabilizes the carboxylate anion - the anion already has a negative charge on it, and so the slightly higher electron donating power of the methyl group repels against that.
- Sun Dec 10, 2017 3:00 am
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Problem 12.127 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 986
Re: Problem 12.127 [ENDORSED]
Wouldn't the answer be something electronegativity of the oxygens, because they want to keep hold of their electron pairs? I still don't understand what's going on here.
- Sat Dec 02, 2017 11:31 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Conceptual Kc Problem
- Replies: 2
- Views: 220
Re: Conceptual Kc Problem
Then will we have to know solubility rules at any point? Like memorizing how soluble nitrates, sulfates, carbonates, etc. are?
- Sat Dec 02, 2017 11:23 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.7 Part C
- Replies: 2
- Views: 234
Re: 11.7 Part C
But the actual amount of substance has in fact increased if you define the amount of substance as the number of molecules. The number of atoms doesn't change because it's a closed container, but because some of the gas molecules break down, there is an increase in the number of molecules in the cont...
- Sat Dec 02, 2017 11:15 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Gases [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 415
Re: Gases [ENDORSED]
Increasing the concentration of gases also decreases the ideal nature of gases; this also causes inter-molecular forces to become more of a factor.
- Fri Nov 17, 2017 7:58 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: sigma/pi bond
- Replies: 4
- Views: 728
Re: sigma/pi bond
Yes, since the s orbital can only hold two electrons due to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, only the first bond will be a sigma bond.
- Fri Nov 17, 2017 7:54 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Radicals
- Replies: 4
- Views: 634
Re: Radicals
Elements that are more electronegative will attract the electrons more so than less electronegative elements. Therefore, the single unpaired electron will tend to be on the less electronegative element, since the more electronegative elements will likely attract full valence shells. Also, it's alway...
- Sun Nov 12, 2017 3:48 pm
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Delocalized electrons
- Replies: 4
- Views: 652
Re: Delocalized electrons
Does this mean that radicals can also have resonance structures, and thus have delocalized electrons?
- Wed Nov 08, 2017 1:19 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Bond Length
- Replies: 8
- Views: 3370
Re: Bond Length
Also, shorter bond lengths will result from smaller ions bonding together.
In the example with HF<HCl<HI, because atomic radii increase down the periodic table, the larger the halogen, the longer the bond length.
In the example with HF<HCl<HI, because atomic radii increase down the periodic table, the larger the halogen, the longer the bond length.
- Fri Nov 03, 2017 6:52 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: 2.39
- Replies: 4
- Views: 769
Re: 2.39
Due to Hund's Rule, the electron configuration isn't the ground state. One of the electrons in the single filled 2p orbital should move to an empty p-orbital, with spin up or down, whichever the one remaining in the first orbital is oriented in; they should be parallel. Excited doesn't have to mean ...
- Fri Nov 03, 2017 6:45 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Homework Problem 2.37
- Replies: 2
- Views: 322
Re: Homework Problem 2.37
In the textbook on page 37, it states that at "l = 0, there is no orbital angular momentum to fling the electron away from the nucleus." This, of course, corresponds to the s-orbital, which means that the probability density of s-orbitals is closer to the nucleus than other orbitals. Then,...
- Fri Oct 27, 2017 11:47 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: f-orbitals
- Replies: 6
- Views: 6775
Re: f-orbitals
Lanthanides and Actinides tend to be confusing because they're usually shown all on their own at the bottom, seemingly separate from the rest of the periodic table when in reality the periodic table is just made that way so that it has a nice aspect ratio that can be easily printed/copied. If you ta...
- Fri Oct 27, 2017 11:31 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Why I3 is linear?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1864
Re: Why I3 is linear?
If it's I3-, it's because of the 3 lone pairs in the middle and 2 bonds, making it trigonal bipyramidal. The 3 lone pairs around the central I atom make it linear.
- Sat Oct 21, 2017 1:10 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: the quantum world [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 525
Re: the quantum world [ENDORSED]
Particles are thought of as point sources of mass. In math, particularly geometry and calculus, you've probably learned that points are defined as a very specific location on a line or on a plane or surface. They are of zero dimensions and thus have no length, area, or volume; they are just that ver...
- Sat Oct 21, 2017 12:45 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Rydberg Equation! [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 8
- Views: 2162
Re: Rydberg Equation! [ENDORSED]
Electromagnetic radiation can't have a negative frequency because that would mean it oscillates negative times a second, which doesn't make sense; the least it could oscillate is zero times a second. Frequency isn't like velocity, where a negative sign implies movement in the opposite direction, it'...
- Fri Oct 13, 2017 11:49 am
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: General Question about Joules [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1665
Re: General Question about Joules [ENDORSED]
Also for the purpose of problem-solving in this unit, it's extremely helpful to keep the kg*(m^2/s^2) definition of the Joule in mind in order to make error checking much easier. If at the end of a problem you see that your units are wrong, you know somewhere along the line something went wrong. For...
- Fri Oct 13, 2017 11:27 am
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: De Broglie Wavelength
- Replies: 23
- Views: 3429
Re: De Broglie Wavelength
What does it intuitively mean when we find the wavelength of large everyday objects? For example, in problem 1.35, what does it really mean when we compare the wavelengths of a 60kg person vs an 80kg person? Or if we calculate the wavelength of a baseball traveling 92 mph in problem 1.39? Do these h...
- Fri Oct 13, 2017 11:24 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: de Broglie's Relation
- Replies: 1
- Views: 232
Re: de Broglie's Relation
Oops sorry guys! Wrong topic... I'll move this over.
- Fri Oct 13, 2017 11:22 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: de Broglie's Relation
- Replies: 1
- Views: 232
de Broglie's Relation
What does it intuitively mean when we find the wavelength of large everyday objects? For example, in problem 1.35, what does it really mean when we compare the wavelengths of a 60kg person vs an 80kg person? Or if we calculate the wavelength of a baseball traveling 92 mph in problem 1.39? Do these h...
- Thu Oct 05, 2017 9:04 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Nitrogen
- Replies: 5
- Views: 733
Re: Nitrogen
I've found there's no need at all for a complicated mnemonic to memorize which gases form diatomic molecules; that just makes things harder, because you have to recall the entire string of elements in your word or phrase to pick out the single one you need. To me, it's far easier to just look at the...
- Thu Oct 05, 2017 8:52 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: incomplete combustion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 2822
Re: incomplete combustion
Incomplete combustion just means that instead of your reactant, in this case heptane gas, reacting with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide and water, it forms carbon monoxide and water. Complete combustion skeleton equation: reactant + O2 --> CO2 + H2O Incomplete combustion skeleton equation: reactan...