CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Phillip Winters 2F

As long as your k1 matches up with your T1 and your k2 matches up with your T2 then you should be fine

Phillip Winters 2F

If you are given the rate law, then you can look at the steps of the reaction in order to determine which step is the slow step

Phillip Winters 2F

Elementary reactions are simply just the steps that add up to form the overall reaction

Phillip Winters 2F

It's not necessary to write the 1 in first order reactions, the one is just implied if you write out the reactant with no exponent

Phillip Winters 2F

The coefficient is not always indicative of the reaction order, the problem may give the order or values the concentration of reactant and rate constant will be given and you must determine order by observing changes in these values

Phillip Winters 2F

It isn't always necessary to change the units of k to s^-1, but just make sure that units always cancel

Phillip Winters 2F

The graph of just concentration vs time will have a curve, but if you graph the natural log of concentration vs time you will have a linear graph

Phillip Winters 2F

It basically means that concentration does not affect reaction rate

Phillip Winters 2F

You would be given a table typically and have to use the data in the table to determine how changes in concentration of reactant would affect the reaction rate, which would give you the order of each of the reactants

Phillip Winters 2F

If you add the deltaG values together, then you can use the formula deltaG=-nFE to calculate the cell potential

Phillip Winters 2F

Also if K>1, meaning that E>1 as well, then the reaction would be spontaneous in the forward direction

Phillip Winters 2F

Yeah, if you solve for the concentration of H+ ions, you can then calculate the pH using the equation pH=log[H+]

Phillip Winters 2F

The reducing agent is the molecule that causes the other molecule to be reduced, meaning that it is oxidized, and the oxidizing agent is the molecule that causes the other molecule to be oxidized, meaning that is reduced

Phillip Winters 2F

Yes you can do this, but you can always just derive the Van't Hoff equation from deltaG=deltaH -t*deltaS

Phillip Winters 2F

DeltaS total would be zero, which means that deltaS system=-(deltaS surroundings)

Phillip Winters 2F

Since there are more electrons in bromine, there are more possible microstates, contributing to the higher entropy

Phillip Winters 2F

Yes, if the Gibbs standard free energy of one compound is more negative than another it is more stable because when it is in the form of its constituent elements it is less stable, meaning that when the reaction is spontaneous the formation of the product, which is more stable, is favored

Phillip Winters 2F

Delta G refers to the spontaneity of a reaction, so if delta G is positive, then the reaction is not spontaneous and the reactants are favored, but when it is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and the products are favored. So, when delta G is 0 neither the products nor reactants are favored thus...

Phillip Winters 2F

A reaction if thermodynamically favorable if delta G is negative, which means that the reaction is spontaneous and thus doesn't require energy to occur

Phillip Winters 2F

Reactions are spontaneous when delta G is negative, meaning that the free energy of the products is less than the free energy of the reactants. If you look at a graph of free energy, this makes sense because it does not require energy to go down a hill, meaning that this process is spontaneous, howe...

Phillip Winters 2F

The phase of the reactants and products are the best way of looking at a reaction and determining how entropy changes, and entropy increases from solid to liquid to gas

Phillip Winters 2F

The release of heat in an endothermic reaction causes the temperature of the surroundings to increase, whereas an endothermic reaction absorbs heat, thus decreasing the temperature

Phillip Winters 2F

They put fractions in the reaction because they wanted to display the reaction that only produces one mole of N2O5, which would result in their being fractional coefficients for some of the reactants

Phillip Winters 2F

If the two molecules are on opposite sides of the equation in equal amounts, then they can be canceled out because nothing is changing from reactants to products

Phillip Winters 2F

It would be a closed system with the lid on because mass cannot be transferred from the tank if there is a lid on top, although energy can be transferred

Phillip Winters 2F

Both heat and mass are released from the system, therefore the system is open

Phillip Winters 2F

You would use Cs when calculating heat using the equation q=(g)(Cs)(delta t)

Phillip Winters 2F

If you choose to reverse the reaction or multiply by coefficients then you would have to change the enthalpy of the reaction as well. If the reaction is reversed, you multiply the enthalpy by -1 or by the coefficient that you multiplied the equation by.

Phillip Winters 2F

Enthalpy being a state property means that the path that it takes to get to the value is not important, unlike work which is not a state property

Phillip Winters 2F

Endothermic reactions involve the absorption of heat, so whatever is in the flask will take the heat from the flask, making the flask cold

Phillip Winters 2F

Fluorine has a very small atomic radius so in turn it also has a very short bond length, resulting in a very strong bond, and the fluorine is less likely to give up a hydrogen

Phillip Winters 2F

If an acid has a low pKa, that means that it is a strong acid, and thus it has a weak conjugate base, and thus acids with high pKa's have strong conjugate bases

Phillip Winters 2F

In order to re-establish equilibrium, the reaction will convert some of these new reactants into products, which is why the addition of reactants will result in the formation of more products.

Phillip Winters 2F

K is a constant, so if concentrations of molecules in the reaction are changed, the reaction quotient eventually go back to whatever K was, unless temperature is changed as well

Phillip Winters 2F

Kc is just more specific than K, K covers both Kc and Kp

Phillip Winters 2F

You should always disregard solids and liquids when calculating the value of K

Phillip Winters 2F

Also, nonpolar molecules are symmetrical while polar molecules are not symmetrical

Phillip Winters 2F

When counting regions of electron density around an atom to determine hybridization, you would include the lone pairs

Phillip Winters 2F

Depending on the arrangement of single/double/triple bonds in a structure, there may be a difference in the formal charges of the atoms in the molecule, and the closer formal charges are to zero, the more stable the molecule is

Phillip Winters 2F

Yes, small cations have high polarizing power while large anions have large polarizability.

Phillip Winters 2F

According to Hund's Rule, electrons in the same subshell occupy different orbitals with parallel spin, but when electrons are initially added, it doesn't matter whether the spin is up or down, as long as they are all parallel.

Phillip Winters 2F

When asked what orbital an electron belongs to, would you answer, with just just s, p, d, or f, or would you have to specify the subshell as well? (for example, 4s, 3p, etc.)

Phillip Winters 2F

Yes, this is true, and ionic bonds are between a metal and a nonmetal

Phillip Winters 2F

Also, ionization energy increases going from left to right on the periodic table because there is a greater effective nuclear charge and the electrons are more attracted to the nucleus of the atom, thus it requires more energy to remove the electrons.

Phillip Winters 2F

Is it possible to end up with a negative frequency or will the answer always end up being positive?

Phillip Winters 2F

What set of problems are we supposed to choose from for this Friday's homework?

Phillip Winters 2F

Should we be expected to memorize the range of wavelengths for each of the types of electromagnetic radiation?

Phillip Winters 2F

It's probably better to use 6.626x10^-34 just so that your final answer is more accurate and precise, but to be safe, use whatever is given on the formula sheet

Phillip Winters 2F

The period at the end would have significance if the number ended in zeroes. For example, the number 100 has only one sig fig, while the number 100. has three sig figs because those two zeroes are now captive.

Phillip Winters 2F

Problem E9 asks how many formula units of the compound are present and I was wondering what is a formula unit? Is it the just asking how many molecules there are?

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