Search found 51 matches
- Sat Mar 17, 2018 2:01 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: textbook 8.93 c
- Replies: 1
- Views: 474
Re: textbook 8.93 c
When you are calculating work, the negative sign is already taken care of when you do -PΔV=-Δnrt so, therefore, all you have to do is ΔU=q+w and don't have to look at the sign.
- Fri Mar 16, 2018 4:38 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: delta S sys and delta S surr
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2539
Re: delta S sys and delta S surr
ΔS(system)=q(system)/T and ΔS(surr)=-q(system)/T so the signs themselves are opposite but also remember that the temperature of the system and the surroundings are not necessarily the same either.
- Fri Mar 16, 2018 4:33 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Ethane vs. ethene heat capacity?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1606
Re: Ethane vs. ethene heat capacity?
Is the degrees of freedom related to how many single and double bonds there are in the molecule?
- Tue Mar 13, 2018 1:34 am
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: 15.79 Kinetic Control Vs Kinetic Favorability
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2020
Re: 15.79 Kinetic Control Vs Kinetic Favorability
I'm not 100% sure if this logic is correct and I may be thinking backward here but...if a reaction needs a higher temperature to react it must need to overcome a large activation energy because increasing temperature provides energy to overcome that barrier.
- Tue Mar 13, 2018 1:26 am
- Forum: *Alcohols
- Topic: study tips
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1935
Re: study tips
That might be hard to figure out because functional groups can be integrated within formulas of a bunch of CH2s.
- Tue Mar 13, 2018 1:24 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Which form of Nitrogen to Use
- Replies: 2
- Views: 614
Re: Which form of Nitrogen to Use
I tried just searching it myself and I'm pretty sure it's NO2.
- Tue Mar 06, 2018 5:37 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: pseudo rxn
- Replies: 4
- Views: 721
Re: pseudo rxn
Is this the same as using the isolated method of having one reactant in great excess?
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 9:57 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Rate equations
- Replies: 3
- Views: 553
Re: Rate equations
I would try to at least know how to set up the first part of the derivations because I think there have been past exam questions where the professor will ask you some. If you look at his math assistance on his page it can help you if the math part integrations and stuff are confusing.
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 9:55 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Unique Reaction Rates [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 45
- Views: 166255
Re: Unique Reaction Rates [ENDORSED]
I'm still confused as to how we know when to use the instantaneous rate and the unique rates?
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 9:49 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Test 2 Q5
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1232
Re: Test 2 Q5
Yes, the reducing power is talking about the element's ions. Keep in mind that an element with greater reducing power can easily be oxidized.
- Sun Feb 25, 2018 9:22 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Rate Constants
- Replies: 4
- Views: 658
Re: Rate Constants
I think under different temperature conditions, a reaction can only proceed under a high temperature. The process may be spontaneous but very slow so an increase in temperature will speed up the process. The example given in class was the car to diamond reaction I believe.
- Sun Feb 25, 2018 9:19 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagrams
- Replies: 4
- Views: 662
Re: Cell Diagrams
I'm pretty sure you do the reaction in the anode and then the cathode. Make sure to separate different states with a single line and those with the same states with a comma. A double line goes where the salt bridge is. Do not also forget to add platinum where there is no solid on the anode or cathod...
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 7:50 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Negative sign in reactants
- Replies: 6
- Views: 4736
Re: Negative sign in reactants
You can also think of it as reactants being used up so it's rate is negative since the amount is declining.
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 7:44 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Rate Constant K [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 659
Re: Rate Constant K [ENDORSED]
K constant just describes how fast a reaction can occur. The only way to speed up a reaction is to change the amount of energy input as in raise its temperature or lower the activation energy needed, I. E. Add a catalyst perhaps.
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 7:42 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Finding n
- Replies: 15
- Views: 1902
Re: Finding n
To accurately find n, you must first balance the equation with the correct amount of moles, water, and hydrogen molecules so electrons can cancel out.
- Fri Feb 23, 2018 7:40 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Inert Electrode
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1443
Re: Inert Electrode
Additionally if there is no solid in the reactant and product side, you must add it to both.
- Sat Feb 10, 2018 11:14 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Degeneracy [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 499
Re: Degeneracy [ENDORSED]
Degeneracy is also a way to measure entropy that is the greater the degeneracy, or amount of ways to rearrange a molecule, the higher the entropy.
- Sat Feb 10, 2018 10:55 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: 9.71b
- Replies: 1
- Views: 401
Re: 9.71b
In general you should know that the gaseous phase of any compound has a higher entropy than the liquid phase because of the greater volume and the vibrational motion the molecules occupy when it is a gas.
- Sat Feb 10, 2018 10:52 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Entropy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 536
Re: Entropy
Also know how to calculate residual entropy using the arrangement of molecules (W). As well as being able to identity when to use total entropy based on the pathways in the problem.
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 1:31 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Temperature and Δ U
- Replies: 2
- Views: 495
Temperature and Δ U
When temperature is constant, why do we assume Δ U=0. I understand that Δ U=q+w and q=0 if temperature is constant but what about work? How does that relate to temperature?
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 1:29 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Delta G not
- Replies: 5
- Views: 794
Delta G not
Can someone explain the difference between ∆G and ΔG° conceptually. Why don't we always need to calculate for ΔG°?
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 1:00 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Equilibrium Value K
- Replies: 3
- Views: 612
Re: Equilibrium Value K
I'm pretty sure Dr. Lavelle mentioned that at most times reaction will not have a K=1, or be at equilibrium. However, if K=1 then delta G will be equal to 0 because from the equation delta G=-RTln(K) taking the ln(1)=0 so the overall delta G will also equal 0.
- Wed Jan 24, 2018 8:00 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Entropy of a gas
- Replies: 2
- Views: 465
Entropy of a gas
Does entropy increase when an ideal gas is compressed isothermally?
- Wed Jan 24, 2018 7:58 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Car Engine [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 725
Re: Car Engine [ENDORSED]
You must input gasoline to make it run and heat is released when the car is running therefore an engine is an open system.
- Wed Jan 24, 2018 7:53 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: exothermic vs endothermic [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1152
Re: exothermic vs endothermic [ENDORSED]
The water is considered the surroundings because that is where the system is happening inside.
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 5:02 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Standard State of Elements
- Replies: 1
- Views: 375
Re: Standard State of Elements
I would know that at standard states carbon is a solid, N2, O2, F2, Cl2 are gasesm and Br2 is a liquid and I2 is a solid. I helps to know these things especially for standard enthalpies of formation when you are not given an equation or anything.
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 4:57 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Constant Volume vs Constant Pressure
- Replies: 6
- Views: 556
Re: Constant Volume vs Constant Pressure
Yes to the above answer. Work can be done by the system or unto the system based on expansion or compression which is a change in volume. Just be wary of open and closed systems.
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 4:55 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Heating Curve
- Replies: 2
- Views: 309
Re: Heating Curve
Dr. Lavelle additionally may ask the "why does steam cause severe burns?" question in relation to the heating curve of water.
- Fri Jan 12, 2018 7:02 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Δ H=q
- Replies: 3
- Views: 433
Δ H=q
Professor Lavelle mentioned that Δ H=q at constant pressure but how could that be true if Δ H is a state property while q (heat) is not a state property?
- Fri Jan 12, 2018 7:00 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Enthalpy of vaporization
- Replies: 2
- Views: 433
Re: Enthalpy of vaporization
Also, ΔH of vaporization is the change of enthalpy so to explain the equation you have to take the enthalpy of vapor subtracted from the enthalpy of liquid because it references again final-initial. In this case, vapor is the final product.
- Fri Jan 12, 2018 6:54 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Delta H for H2
- Replies: 2
- Views: 6690
Delta H for H2
In problem 8.57 it states that the delta H for H2 is -286 kJ/mol but I though Professor Lavelle mentioned that at hydrogen's most stable form, delta H is equal to zero. Someone please explain.
- Fri Dec 08, 2017 1:17 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Nodes on the Midterm?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 612
Re: Nodes on the Midterm?
All I was told about nodes is that angular nodes equal n-l-1 and radial nodes equal n-l. Is this right and there is more I need to know about them other than there is 0 electron density in that region?
- Fri Dec 08, 2017 1:07 am
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: Bi2O5 vs Bi2O3 [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2036
Re: Bi2O5 vs Bi2O3 [ENDORSED]
A TA actually went over this in one of the review sessions. I think he explained that bismuth is a very poor conductor and even though it is a metal, it has more nonmetal properties because it such a bad conductor and therefore is labelled as amphoteric.
- Thu Nov 30, 2017 11:25 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Effects with Water
- Replies: 2
- Views: 348
Effects with Water
Sometimes adding or taking away water has an effect on the shift of the reaction and sometimes is doesn't because it is considered a liquid. How do you know when that occurs/ when is water considered a medium or part of the reaction affected? This was on the modules and homework problems.
- Thu Nov 30, 2017 11:22 am
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Polydentate
- Replies: 3
- Views: 609
Re: Polydentate
Also I think for a molecule to be polydentates can also be chelates that are a ring structure created between atoms that must include the central atoms so be careful of those type of problems as well.
- Wed Nov 22, 2017 4:10 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Reverse Reaction, Q and K
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1029
Reverse Reaction, Q and K
So when Q is greater than K that means the products are favored but Professor Lavelle stated that the reaction will never overshoot equilibrium so how can you have more products than reactants?
- Wed Nov 22, 2017 4:07 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Partial pressure when calculating K
- Replies: 4
- Views: 807
Re: Partial pressure when calculating K
You only need to change gases to concentration from partial pressure if an aqueous solution is present in the equation meaning it is not homogenous.
- Wed Nov 15, 2017 10:09 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Polar/Nonpolar Bond vs Molecule [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1400
Polar/Nonpolar Bond vs Molecule [ENDORSED]
Can someone explain the different between a polar/nonpolar bond vs a polar/nonpolar molecule because I know that a molecule may be polar but the bond is nonpolar but how?
- Wed Nov 15, 2017 10:06 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Midterm question [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 6
- Views: 803
Re: Midterm question [ENDORSED]
Ok wait so the question is not assuming that the energy required to do work has already been reached?
- Wed Nov 08, 2017 3:46 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Spin Quantum Number Question
- Replies: 2
- Views: 697
Re: Spin Quantum Number Question
You might have also been confused because usually the positive spin of the electron is drawn first and then the negative spin when filling the orbital but the 3d10 electron can still have either spin since you don't know specifically the electron that is filling that last d orbital.
- Wed Nov 08, 2017 3:31 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron Affinity
- Replies: 1
- Views: 350
Electron Affinity
Can someone explain how the electron affinity of noble gases work relative to its column and even those of the column above and below it?
- Fri Nov 03, 2017 12:59 am
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Chemical bonds create lower energy?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 513
Re: Chemical bonds create lower energy?
When atoms are alone, they tend to be reactive to create that noble gas configuration (octet rule) which is why bonding makes atoms have lower energy overall. Also why noble gases are less reactive, they have the octet and want to stay that way.
- Fri Nov 03, 2017 12:56 am
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Lanthanides
- Replies: 1
- Views: 457
Lanthanides
Can someone explain why there are more exceptions when filling electrons for the lanthanides? Like there are more energy levels so they become closer and...
Just for context.
Just for context.
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 12:41 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron Affinity and Ionization Energy
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1300
Re: Electron Affinity and Ionization Energy
Also you can think of it that if an atom can attract an electron easily, then the ionization energy will be big because it want to hold on to that electron for as long as it can.
- Thu Oct 26, 2017 12:39 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Quantum number ml
- Replies: 2
- Views: 489
Quantum number ml
Can someone please explain the what the quantum number ml stand for? I how you get the number but what does it represent and how do you know based on which number is given to you?
- Fri Oct 20, 2017 11:53 am
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Energy emitted from an Electron [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 842
Re: Energy emitted from an Electron [ENDORSED]
Also by having the initial energy be at n=5, you get a negative energy in your calculations which is what you want since the energy is being emitted (electron is losing that energy). Just look at the context of the question though.
- Fri Oct 20, 2017 11:51 am
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Energy Levels
- Replies: 3
- Views: 618
Energy Levels
Dr. Lavelle mentioned this briefly but if an electron is somehow excited to the second energy level and then is able to jump to the third energy level, when it emits energy does it go back to the second energy level then the first or just drops straight back to the first?
- Sat Oct 14, 2017 10:43 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Speed/Energy of Electrons
- Replies: 4
- Views: 669
Speed/Energy of Electrons
Need a quick answer. So the speed of light is constant and is what we use in our equation. However, when dealing with the photoelectric effect, energy is emitted unto a metal at a different a certain speed and is it emitted off at a slower speed/energy since there is some sort of threshold energy (w...
- Sat Oct 14, 2017 10:37 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: 1.3
- Replies: 5
- Views: 836
Re: 1.3
I was confused on this matter too The only way I was able to answer the question was process of elimination because I knew all the other ones were false. No sure why this one is true though. Can anyone please explain?
- Mon Oct 02, 2017 9:40 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: States of Matter in Chemical Equations
- Replies: 4
- Views: 781
Re: States of Matter in Chemical Equations
In my high school chemistry class my teacher was pretty lenient about not writing the states of matter, but now I regret it because it makes me lazy when writing out chemical equations. You should get used to writing out the entirety of the equation as it will assist you in solving word problems wit...
- Mon Oct 02, 2017 9:35 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: HW Problem E35
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1093
Re: HW Problem E35
I think that the solutions manual made a mistake. I am sure that your are supposed to divide by the initial molar mass of the compound to find the percent change in mass. Either way the answer does remain the same.