Search found 62 matches
- Sun Mar 18, 2018 12:27 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Inert Electrodes
- Replies: 2
- Views: 487
Inert Electrodes
When would we know to use Pt(s) vs. C(gr) in a galvanic cell?
- Sat Mar 17, 2018 11:08 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.5d
- Replies: 2
- Views: 436
Re: 14.9d
Sorry! I meant 14.5 part d.
- Sat Mar 17, 2018 3:59 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Writing Cell Diagrams
- Replies: 2
- Views: 397
Writing Cell Diagrams
When writing cell diagrams, is there a certain order that the elements must be in within the anode side and within the cathode side?
- Sat Mar 17, 2018 3:33 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.5d
- Replies: 2
- Views: 436
14.5d
Can someone please explain how to go about obtaining the half reactions for 14.5 part d please? Thank you!
- Fri Mar 16, 2018 10:42 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples (*DNA Structural Transitions, etc.)
- Topic: 9.69
- Replies: 1
- Views: 1266
9.69
For this problem, the deltaG obtained after adding reactions 2 and 3 was negative. However, when we divided it by the deltaG of reaction 1, it was written as a positive number. Why is there no negative sign? Is it because if the deltaG was negative, we would end up getting a negative number of moles?
- Thu Mar 15, 2018 12:57 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: 8.49
- Replies: 2
- Views: 422
8.49
The question reads:
"Oxygen difluoride is a colorless, very poisonous gas that reacts rapidly with water vapor to produce O2, HF, and heat:
What is the change in internal energy for the reaction of 1.00 mol OF2?"
How do you know that this is an ideal gas?
"Oxygen difluoride is a colorless, very poisonous gas that reacts rapidly with water vapor to produce O2, HF, and heat:
What is the change in internal energy for the reaction of 1.00 mol OF2?"
How do you know that this is an ideal gas?
- Tue Mar 13, 2018 5:33 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Rate-Determining Step
- Replies: 4
- Views: 681
Re: Rate-Determining Step
There was a homework problem that I did (15.53c) in which the 2nd step was the slow step, and it did contain an intermediate (NO3): Step1 NO2 + NO2 ⇌ NO + NO3 and its reverse (both fast, equilibrium) Step2 NO3 + CO --> NO2 + CO2 (slow) However, finding the rate law did not seem to be difficult: Rate...
- Tue Mar 13, 2018 4:56 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Rate-Determining Step
- Replies: 4
- Views: 681
Rate-Determining Step
Sometimes in a reaction mechanism, the 2nd step is the slow step, or rate-determining step. Does this have any significant effect on the overall reaction or the rate law, in contrast from having the 1st step as the slow step? If so, what effects are there?
- Sun Mar 11, 2018 11:41 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.19a Order
- Replies: 6
- Views: 762
Re: 15.19a Order
Thank you so much for all of the help! I do prefer Beza’s method as well and believe that it much easier to understand, however I would also like to know how the solutions manual went about solving the problem. If anyone could explain, that would be great!
- Tue Mar 06, 2018 5:01 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Self Test 15.3Ba
- Replies: 1
- Views: 353
Self Test 15.3Ba
On page 620, Self-Test 15.3B reads: When the concentration of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, C4H9Br, is doubled, the rate of the reaction C4H9Br(aq)+OH-(aq) --> C4H9OH(aq)+ Br- (aq) increases by a factor of 2. When both the C4H9Br and the OH- concentrations are doubled, the rate increase is the same, a fa...
- Tue Mar 06, 2018 12:42 am
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.19a Order
- Replies: 6
- Views: 762
15.19a Order
Hi, I'm confused as to how we can find the order for B using experiments 2 and 3, especially since the initial concentration of A changes from 2.5 to 1.25. Could someone please explain how the order is found? Or if there is another method of determining the order for B? Thank you!
- Sun Mar 04, 2018 11:40 pm
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Identifying zero order
- Replies: 6
- Views: 950
Re: Identifying zero order
You have to fully calculate the kinetic law. This can only be done if you know all of the elementary reactions involved.
- Tue Feb 27, 2018 7:30 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.15 Rate Law
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1782
15.15 Rate Law
The question reads: In the reaction CH3Br(aq) OH (aq) S CH3OH(aq) Br (aq), when the OH concentration alone was doubled, the rate doubled; when the CH3Br concentration alone was increased by a factor of 1.2, the rate increased by a factor of 1.2. Write the rate law for the reaction. I'm still confuse...
- Tue Feb 27, 2018 6:12 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 15.3 Unique Rate of the Reaction
- Replies: 1
- Views: 279
15.3 Unique Rate of the Reaction
For 15.3c, why is the rate of formation of NO not taken into account in the unique rate of the reaction? Is it because the value of the rate is the same, regardless of which species is indicated? Also, wouldn't we have to multiply the rate of reaction of NO2 by -1/2 since it is decreasing? The solut...
- Sun Feb 25, 2018 8:46 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: The rate of a reaction
- Replies: 5
- Views: 772
Re: The rate of a reaction
kaushalrao2H wrote:in general, remember that the rate constant k is dependent on temperature and the activation energy of the reaction.
Can someone please explain why that is?
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 10:06 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 14.5 part d
- Replies: 7
- Views: 871
Re: 14.5 part d
I was confused about this, too. Wouldn't adding H+ ions indicate that the reaction is taking place in an acidic solution rather than a basic solution, though?
- Tue Feb 20, 2018 12:51 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: The Nernst Equation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 740
Re: The Nernst Equation
I just looked over my notes again and realized that if you wanted to go back even further with the derivation, you would have to know that deltaG = deltaG ° + RT ln ([P]/[R]) and deltaG = /nFE. From there, you can combine the two equations so that -nFE = deltaG ° + RT ln ([P]/[R]). Solving for E, yo...
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 11:01 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Gold and Nitric Acid
- Replies: 2
- Views: 847
Gold and Nitric Acid
Based on the example given during lecture (Will a gold ring dissolve in 1M nitric acid to form 1M Au3+ solution?),
Do we know that gold will not dissolve in 1M nitric acid solely because we end up with a positive deltaG°, meaning the reaction is unfavorable?
Do we know that gold will not dissolve in 1M nitric acid solely because we end up with a positive deltaG°, meaning the reaction is unfavorable?
- Sun Feb 18, 2018 9:39 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: The Nernst Equation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 740
Re: The Nernst Equation
In class, to derive the Nernst Equation, we began with E= E° - (RT/nF) x ln Q. That equation can be rewritten in terms of logbase10 as E = E° - (2.303RT/nF) x logbase10 Q. At standard temperature (T=25°C or 298K), 2.303RT/F = 0.0592V, since R and F are both given constants. As a result, the Nernst E...
- Tue Feb 13, 2018 5:20 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 11.83
- Replies: 1
- Views: 288
11.83
Why is it that if we want the equilibrium constant at two temperatures, we need to calculate the delta H(standard) and the delta S(standard)? Why can't we just use the equation delta G(standard) = -RTlnK and replace the T depending on the equilibrium constant that we are solving for?
- Sun Feb 11, 2018 7:46 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Delta G
- Replies: 2
- Views: 386
Re: Delta G
We can assume that delta G is zero at equilibrium, because G(reactants)= G(products); At equilibrium, delta G = G(products) - G(reactants) = 0
- Tue Feb 06, 2018 3:27 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 11.19
- Replies: 1
- Views: 429
Re: 11.19
You are correct in that you must use deltaG °rxn = -RTlnK and the free energy of formation of H2O. 1. Make sure that you are using the free energy of formation of water as a GAS / VAPOR (-228.57kJ/mol). 2. Multiple this number by 2, since there is a coefficient of 2 in the balanced chemical equation...
- Tue Feb 06, 2018 2:07 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Spontaneity and the Direction of a Reaction
- Replies: 2
- Views: 371
Spontaneity and the Direction of a Reaction
Hi, I am still a bit confused on the relationship between spontaneity and the direction of a reaction. For example, for 11.15, why is it that if delta G of the reaction is positive, that means the spontaneous reaction is proceeding towards the reactants? Does the rxn proceed towards the products if ...
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 10:04 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Equations
- Replies: 4
- Views: 522
Re: Equations
No, I don’t think so. Dr. Lavelle just wanted to show us where the equations come from and how they relate to each other.
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 8:18 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Spontaneous Reactions and Relation to Delta G°
- Replies: 1
- Views: 275
Spontaneous Reactions and Relation to Delta G°
If a reaction is spontaneous, why does that imply that Delta G°of the reaction is positive?
- Sun Feb 04, 2018 8:12 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Delta G°
- Replies: 5
- Views: 562
Delta G°
How do we know when delta G°is equal to 0? What does this mean?
- Tue Jan 23, 2018 8:48 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 8.77 Bond Enthalpy (Benzene)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 370
8.77 Bond Enthalpy (Benzene)
On homework question 8.77, why is it that the 6 C--H bonds within benzene are not added to the 3 C double bonds and the 3 C single bonds?
- Tue Jan 23, 2018 2:40 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: H2O as a liquid or vapor
- Replies: 2
- Views: 305
H2O as a liquid or vapor
Although this might not necessarily relate to thermochemistry, I was wondering when do we know whether to specify H2O as being a liquid or vapor within a balanced chemical reaction, specifically for combustion? I was doing homework question 8.57 where we had to use Hess's law with multiple combustio...
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 4:08 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: 8.21 Heat Lost vs. Heat Gained
- Replies: 3
- Views: 451
Re: 8.21 Heat Lost vs. Heat Gained
Oh okay, thank you so much! That definitely helped. Follow up question, does that mean that the sum of multiple q's always equals 0? Or is that only when no energy is lost to the surroundings?
- Mon Jan 22, 2018 3:37 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: 8.21 Heat Lost vs. Heat Gained
- Replies: 3
- Views: 451
8.21 Heat Lost vs. Heat Gained
On the homework question 8.21, why is the heat lost by metal a positive value, while the heat gained by water is negative? Shouldn't a loss of heat be a negative value?
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 4:29 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Specific Heat
- Replies: 1
- Views: 133
Specific Heat
In discussion, we determined the initial temperature of a piece of copper that was dropped into water given the mass of Cu, volume of H2O, initial temperature of H2O, the specific heats, and final temperatures. The initial temperature turned out to be a much greater number that the final temperature...
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 3:58 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: State Functions and Bond Enthalpies
- Replies: 2
- Views: 192
State Functions and Bond Enthalpies
It seems that many of the concepts throughout chapter 8 go back to the idea of state functions. I am still having trouble understanding the meaning of a state function as well as its relationship to enthalpy. Can someone please explain how enthalpy is a state function and why one can use the differe...
- Sun Jan 21, 2018 2:13 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Delta H Fusion / Delta H Vaporization
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2637
Delta H Fusion / Delta H Vaporization
In my discussion, we did examples of phase change calculations where the number of moles of the substance and change in enthalpy (fusion and vaporization) were given. To calculate how much energy is needed for the phase change to happen, we used the equation: q=n x deltaH (fusion / vaporization). Do...
- Sun Jan 14, 2018 11:08 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Temperature and Heat
- Replies: 4
- Views: 508
Temperature and Heat
I am having trouble understanding why the temperature of a sample could remain constant even though heat is applied to it. Can someone please clarify this concept for me?
- Sun Jan 14, 2018 10:52 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Steam burning more than water question
- Replies: 4
- Views: 360
Re: Steam burning more than water question
Steam burns more than liquid water, because more heat is supplied in order to turn the water into a vapor.
- Sun Jan 14, 2018 10:44 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Heat Capacity
- Replies: 4
- Views: 560
Re: Heat Capacity
The heat capacity is the ratio of the heat supplied over the temperature rise produced (q/delta T),whereas the specific heat capacity is the heat capacity divided by the sample's mass (C/m). The heat capacity is an extensive property, because it depends on the size or extent of the sample. The speci...
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 6:48 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: radicals
- Replies: 1
- Views: 237
Re: radicals
Correct. Radicals are placed on the least electronegative atom, because the most electronegative atom would rather have a full octet. For example, on the very last midterm problem (HOCO), Carbon would get the radical because it is less electronegative than oxygen and oxygen would much rather have th...
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 6:40 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.89
- Replies: 1
- Views: 458
11.89
For 11.89b, why are the partial pressures divided by 100?
- Sat Dec 09, 2017 6:35 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.45c [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 510
11.45c [ENDORSED]
Hi,
Can someone please explain how Cl2 is more stable just because it has a smaller equilibrium constant than F2?
Thank you!
Can someone please explain how Cl2 is more stable just because it has a smaller equilibrium constant than F2?
Thank you!
- Sun Dec 03, 2017 10:49 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Lewis Structures
- Replies: 3
- Views: 664
Re: Lewis Structures
Thank you so much! This helped a lot.
- Sun Dec 03, 2017 10:41 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Weak Acids / Strong Acids
- Replies: 5
- Views: 754
Weak Acids / Strong Acids
How do you determine whether a certain acid or base is considered weak or strong?
- Sun Dec 03, 2017 10:40 pm
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: Amphiprotic [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1005
Amphiprotic [ENDORSED]
Are there any other molecules that are amphiprotic besides water? If so, what are they?
- Sun Dec 03, 2017 10:37 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Reverse Reactions [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 549
Re: Reverse Reactions [ENDORSED]
No,the K value for the reverse reaction would be the inverse of the forward reaction. Using the example given in class, if the K value for the forward reaction = 61.0, the K value for the reverse reaction will = 1/61.0 or 0.016
- Mon Nov 27, 2017 6:38 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: N2H6
- Replies: 2
- Views: 5268
N2H6
Hello, I have a question regarding the Lewis Dot Structure of N2H6. During my discussion section, my TA drew this so that both N's would each have one valence electron on them (radical). However, if I drew a double bond in between the two N's instead, would I be wrong? I calculated the formal charge...
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 11:39 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Solids and Liquids
- Replies: 3
- Views: 592
Solids and Liquids
I am having trouble understanding the reason as to why solids and liquids are not included in the K expression when solving for the equilibrium constant. Can someone please explain this in detail? Thank you.
- Sun Nov 26, 2017 11:31 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: EDTA and Bonding Sites [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1265
EDTA and Bonding Sites [ENDORSED]
Can someone please explain how EDTA has 6 bonding sites? Thank you.
- Sun Nov 19, 2017 6:28 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Lewis Structures
- Replies: 3
- Views: 664
Lewis Structures
I made a few mistakes on my Lewis Dot Structures on the midterm, because I did not draw them based on how they were written in the formula. For example, for HOCO, I did not draw it as H--O--C--O, but rather connected the hydrogen atom and the two oxygen atoms directly to carbon on three different si...
- Sun Nov 19, 2017 6:18 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Triple vs. double bonds
- Replies: 2
- Views: 656
Re: Triple vs. double bonds
Carbon would form a triple bond with Nitrogen and a single bond with Chlorine in order to satisfy the formal charges for each atom in the Lewis Dot Structure. When it is drawn in this way and you calculate the formal charge for each atom, each one should have a formal charge of zero, which is what w...
- Sun Nov 19, 2017 6:03 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Radical Question
- Replies: 4
- Views: 786
Re: Radical Question
So just to clarify, the least electronegative atom takes the radical electron because it does not need a full set as much as the more electronegative atom does? Is a "full set" considered a lone pair in this case, or a full octet?
- Sun Nov 12, 2017 9:43 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Expanded Octet
- Replies: 6
- Views: 2380
Re: Expanded Octet
Generally, lighter s- and p- block elements, like Beryllium (Be) and Boron (B) can have less than an octet. Elements that can have more than an octet include: Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), and Chlorine (Cl), and all elements that follow them. Depending on the formal charges that each one has once the ...
- Sun Nov 12, 2017 9:31 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Expanded Octet
- Replies: 4
- Views: 649
Re: Expanded Octet
Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), and Chlorine (Cl) all have expanded octets. All of the elements following those three can have an expanded octet, as well.
- Sun Nov 05, 2017 9:16 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Regions of Electron Density
- Replies: 2
- Views: 371
Regions of Electron Density
When counting the regions of electron density in a Lewis Dot Structure, do we include lone pairs that are on the central atom?
- Sun Nov 05, 2017 8:58 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Ionization Energy / Lewis Dot Structures
- Replies: 2
- Views: 602
Ionization Energy / Lewis Dot Structures
How do we know that Beryllium has a lower ionization energy than Chlorine when they are not within the same period or group?
- Sun Nov 05, 2017 8:51 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Delta Positive / Negative
- Replies: 3
- Views: 4902
Delta Positive / Negative
After drawing a Lewis Dot Structure, I am still confused as to how and why we write either a delta positive or delta negative next to each element. Can anyone please explain how this is done in full detail?
- Mon Oct 30, 2017 6:52 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Finding the Formal Charge
- Replies: 3
- Views: 558
Finding the Formal Charge
How do we know when to stop changing the numbers within the formula for formal charge in order to obtain the best representation of a certain molecule? For example, SO4^2-
- Mon Oct 30, 2017 6:50 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Sulfur as an Octet Exception
- Replies: 1
- Views: 254
Sulfur as an Octet Exception
Why is Sulfur allowed to have more than an octet in a Lewis dot structure? What other elements are allowed to have more than an octet and why?
- Sun Oct 22, 2017 9:10 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electronic Configuration for d-block elements [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1400
Re: Electronic Configuration for d-block elements [ENDORSED]
Why is it that we use Px, Py, and/or Pz when writing the electron configuration for p-block elements,but not d-block elements?
- Sun Oct 22, 2017 9:06 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Velocity [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 13
- Views: 1634
Re: Velocity [ENDORSED]
After reading this, I am still a bit unsure of how the speed of light relates to velocity. Are they directly related / inversely related? Is speed of light (3.00x10^8m.s-1) interchangeable with velocity?
- Sun Oct 15, 2017 8:51 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Atomic Spectra [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 538
Atomic Spectra [ENDORSED]
Why is it that when the electrons go down from a certain energy level due to the attraction to a positive cation, they do not go all the way down but instead end up at energy level one?
- Sun Oct 15, 2017 8:45 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Concept // Wave-like Behavior [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 512
Re: Concept // Wave-like Behavior [ENDORSED]
So, since the emission of electrons is not dependent on the level of intensity that the light is, will changing the wavelength effect its emission?
- Fri Oct 06, 2017 12:29 am
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Determining Limiting Reactant
- Replies: 6
- Views: 2085
Re: Determining Limiting Reactant
If given the grams of only one reactant within a question, should we automatically assume that that particular reactant is limiting?
- Fri Oct 06, 2017 12:24 am
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: Identifying Empirical and Molecular Formulas [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 13
- Views: 9061
Re: Identifying Empirical and Molecular Formulas [ENDORSED]
If you are asked to find the empirical formula and are given a set of atoms along with their mass in grams, can you use those numbers to find the empirical formula without finding the mass percentage composition? Or do you always have to find the mass percent composition before finding the empirical...