CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Nancy Le - 1F

How do you calculate half-cell concentrations? I remember Dr. Lavelle mentioning it in class but I don't have it in my notes.

Nancy Le - 1F

Can someone explain how raising the temperature of a reaction, which increases the rate constant of the forward reaction and ultimately the equilibrium constant, is supported by Le Chatelier's principle?

Nancy Le - 1F

If given 2 rate constants and the corresponding temperatures, like in exercise 61, does it matter which one we assign as k1,k2,T1,T2?

Nancy Le - 1F

The pseudo rate law is the rate law in between elementary steps, but under what conditions would we need to use this?

Nancy Le - 1F

I see, that makes sense! Does it have anything to do with the reactivity of the intermediate as well?

Nancy Le - 1F

If kinetic information can support a proposed mechanism, why can't it prove the mechanism to be correct?

Nancy Le - 1F

Why can't an intermediate be included in the rate law?

Nancy Le - 1F

How do you calculate the units of k for the order of each reactant?

Nancy Le - 1F

When would the overall reaction order be a fraction and what makes it different from other reactions?

Nancy Le - 1F

Is it correct to say that the greater the rate constant, the shorter the half-life is because it doesn't depend on the concentration of reactants?

Nancy Le - 1F

Is the half-life of a second order reaction dependent or independent on reaction concentration?

Nancy Le - 1F

For exercise 33 part A, the solutions manual states that the standard Gibbs free energy should be negative because it's the reverse of the formation reaction, but why would this be so?

Nancy Le - 1F

In exercise 14.25, do the standard reduction potentials follow a periodic trend?

Nancy Le - 1F

Can we assume that any spontaneous reaction will dissolve? Does this apply to only this reaction?

Nancy Le - 1F

Oxidizing agents are the species that is reduced, or gaining electrons, because the oxidation number is being decreased. The reducing agents are the species that is oxidized, or losing electrons, because the oxidation number is being increased.

Nancy Le - 1F

Can you give me an example?

Nancy Le - 1F

Given an equation, how can you tell if it's reversible or irreversible?

Nancy Le - 1F

Is the anode always the side of the oxidation half-reaction and the cathode, the side with the reduction half reaction?

Nancy Le - 1F

Can someone explain how to balance half reactions when calculating the standard reduction potential? Do we treat the equations like how we would normally balance chemical reactions?

Nancy Le - 1F

Can someone please explain the relationship between enthalpy and entropy according to Trouton's rule?

Nancy Le - 1F

Can someone explain the graphs of Figure 9.11 in section 9.7 of the textbook?

Nancy Le - 1F

What is residual entropy and how is it different from regular entropy?

Nancy Le - 1F

A negative Gibbs Free Energy means that the energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants. If it were the reverse, an input of energy would be needed, which is not favorable. Therefore, a negative Gibbs free energy is favored because it drives the reaction forward spontaneously.

Nancy Le - 1F

Can someone explain what increasing/decreasing degeneracy does to entropy?

Nancy Le - 1F

Why is the entropy of a gas much greater than that of a liquid or solid?

Nancy Le - 1F

How do you determine the number of states there are in a system?

Nancy Le - 1F

Why is heat capacity an intensive property while specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity are extensive properties?

Nancy Le - 1F

You divide the number of joules by the number of moles because you want to find how much heat(q) is required to raise 1 mol of the substance to a certain temperature.

Nancy Le - 1F

947kJ should be positive because the system is absorbing the heat in order to cool down, which means it's an endothermic process. Work done by the system produces a negative work value.

Nancy Le - 1F

How does having additional vibrational modes increase a molecule's molar heat capacity?

Nancy Le - 1F

What is the equipartition theorem used to calculate?

Nancy Le - 1F

Why is it that more work is done for a reversible process than for a irreversible process?

Nancy Le - 1F

How does the number of paired or unpaired electrons relate to the magnetism of a molecule?

Nancy Le - 1F

Would the bond order of a CN radical be 1.5 then? Since there is a triple bond,3, and 2 atoms, would it be 3/2=1.5?

Nancy Le - 1F

How do you explain the differences in pH based on molecular structure?

Nancy Le - 1F

When calculating the logarithm to find the pH of a solution, why is there a negative sign?

Nancy Le - 1F

To convert between partial pressure and concentration of a gas, you would use the Ideal Gas Law: PV=nRT.
Simplifying the equation would give: concentration=P/(RT)

Nancy Le - 1F

To find K(p), the ratio would be 1/P(r). Since the molar concentration of a solid or liquid does not change in a reaction, solids and liquids aren't included in K expression. You would only need to find the concentration of the reactants.

Nancy Le - 1F

Since the electrons overlap side-by-side in pi bonds, rotating one atom would break the parallel orientation of the orbitals.

Nancy Le - 1F

In order to clearly show which atom is being bound to the central atom, the ligands are sometimes written backwards.

Nancy Le - 1F

You can determine the number of hybrid orbitals by looking at the regions of electron density. Different shapes indicate different hybrids of valence atomic orbitals during bond formation.

Nancy Le - 1F

Are radicals stable compounds even though they have an unpaired electron?

Nancy Le - 1F

What are the main differences between ionic and covalent bonds?

Nancy Le - 1F

Resonance structures spread multiple bond characters over a molecule, lowering the overall energy of the molecule.

Nancy Le - 1F

If the electron configuration has the right number, direction, and spacing of the arrows, then the electron is in the ground state.

Nancy Le - 1F

According to the periodic table, the electron configuration of Ga is [Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^1. However, why did Dr. Lavelle write it as [Ar]3d^10 4s^2 4p^1 in class?

Nancy Le - 1F

How are the wave functions of px, py, and pz derived?

Nancy Le - 1F

Does only the p orbital have lobes oriented along the x, y, z axes or do the other orbitals have different orientations as well?

Nancy Le - 1F

a) An electron can only be ejected if a photon has the minimum energy equal to that of the work function for that metal strikes it. 1. E(work) = (2.93 eV)(1.602 18 x10^(19)JeV^(-1)) = 4.69 x 10^(-19)J 2. Calculate the energy for the red and violet laser using the equation E=hcλ ^(-1). 3. The laser w...

Nancy Le - 1F

The positive and negative signs only indicate whether the photon is emitted or absorbed, but the amount of energy that is used is always positive.
Hope this helps!

Nancy Le - 1F

How do you start this problem?

Nancy Le - 1F

How do you find the net ionic equation for the reaction?

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