CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Patience Olsen 1A

Also, sigma bonds are those formed between orbitals end-to-end, so they allow bound atoms to rotate, unlike pi bonds.

Patience Olsen 1A

Yes. A represents the center atom, X represents atoms bonded to the center atom, and E represents lone electron pairs. X and E together represent regions of electron density.
Each AXE formula corresponds to a different molecular structure shown in the chart posted by Jack.

Patience Olsen 1A

We would likely be given a bond (single, double, or triple) and be asked to find the number of sigma/pi bonds. We should also be able to identify the fact that sigma bonds are two orbitals bonding end-to-end where bond atoms can rotate, whereas pi bonds are two orbitals bonding side-by-side where bo...

Patience Olsen 1A

The last answer explains it well. The charge of the ion should be the same as the formal charge. This is why the formal charges of atoms and molecules should be equal to 0 if they are not ionized.

Patience Olsen 1A

I don't see any way for that to happen because each orbital can only contain two electrons, and by definition, a radical is an atom, molecule, or ion with an unpaired valence electron.

Patience Olsen 1A

Yes, a lot of complex organic molecules are structured like this. This is because organic molecules may contain certain "functional groups" that give the molecules specific properties. For example, COOH is a carboxyl group and NH2 is an amino group. Writing the groups separately in the che...

Patience Olsen 1A

Yes, correct.

Patience Olsen 1A

Cl will basically always become Cl- (oxidation number -1) to achieve a full octet. Gaining one electron is much easier than losing 7 electrons. Some other elements, however, have almost equally likely oxidation states. One example is Cu, which can become Cu+ (oxidation number +1) or Cu2+ (oxidation ...

Patience Olsen 1A

These atoms or molecules are found whenever the number of valence electrons is odd, leaving one unpaired valence electron.

Patience Olsen 1A

Usually, ionic bonds are between metals and non-metals, whereas covalent bonds are between non-metals and other non-metals.

Patience Olsen 1A

As you go across a period, there are more protons as well as electrons and unlike going down in a group, all the electrons are in the same shell. When more protons and more electrons are added (electrons to the same shell), the attraction is greater and the electrons are pulled in, decreasing atomic...

Patience Olsen 1A

The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers. Since in b) and d), ml is given, we know there can only be two electrons described by these numbers (one with ms=+1/2 and one with ms=-1/2). So the value of ml doesn't actually matter. It's ...

Patience Olsen 1A

Thanks so much! It's patienceolsen@gmail.com

Patience Olsen 1A

Ionization energy refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom while electron affinity refers to the energy released when an electron is added to an atom. The trends for both correlate. For example, a halogen element (group 17) is very likely to gain an electron, so it will have ...

Patience Olsen 1A

You can also use the formula for the number of electrons that can occupy a subshell: ml=2l+1
For (b), you would plug in l=2 to get ml=5 and for (c), you would plug in l=1 to get ml=3.

Patience Olsen 1A

Yes, lower is just meant to be a relative term and doesn't correspond to a specific value. An element with a lower IE is more likely to become a cation than an element with a higher IE because it doesn't take as much energy to remove an electron from the element with lower IE.

Patience Olsen 1A

I made a terrible mistake by purchasing the 7th edition textbook because the questions in this textbook do not align with the questions in the 6th edition textbook, even though it says on the Chem 14A website that the 7th edition textbook is fine to use. For Fundamentals and Chapter 1, I was able to...

Patience Olsen 1A

Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom. It can also be understood as the likelihood of an atom to accept an electron, so the halogens have the greatest electron affinity of all elements. Noble gases, being in a stable state, have the lowest ele...

Patience Olsen 1A

Also, the eight electrons come from two electrons in the s-orbital and six electrons in the p-orbital for most atoms. Hope this clarifies things a bit.

Patience Olsen 1A

The last comment is correct. Series are defined by the amount of energy they contain, and wavelengths in the Lyman series, for example, are grouped together because the light has enough energy to reduce an electron to its ground state (n=1). The Lyman series represents the UV spectrum, Balmer repres...

Patience Olsen 1A

To add on to previous answers, the Lyman series represents the highest energy series (UV), with enough energy to reduce electrons to the lowest energy level n=1. The Balmer series represents the second highest energy series (visible light), with enough energy to reduce electrons to the energy level ...

Patience Olsen 1A

I don't think there should be any special reason for this difference. Either way, the difference doesn't concern us because it wouldn't affect our marks.

Patience Olsen 1A

By the Arrhenius theory, an acid is any compound that releases a hydrogen ion into solution when dissolved. There are other acids (Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis) that go beyond this theory but that's irrelevant to the question. Basically, the release of a hydrogen ion in solution is one way to define a c...

Patience Olsen 1A

Refer to the answer for https://lavelle.chem.ucla.edu/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=30583 . The first step is to find the molarity of the diluted solution. The person asking the question above solved this by using the dilution formula M1V1 = M2V2. This formula is based on the fact that the number o...

Patience Olsen 1A

Find the moles of NH4NO3 in each 100. mL sample:
0.050 mol NH4NO3/L * 0.100 L = 0.0050 mol NH4NO3

In each molecule of NH4NO3, there are 2 nitrogen atoms. Multiply by this ratio to find the moles of nitrogen:
0.0050 mol NH4NO3 * 2 mol N/1 mol NH4NO3 = 0.0100 mol N

Each plant receives 0.0100 mol N.

Patience Olsen 1A

Anyone please correct me if I'm wrong but I think it's arbitrary which field points in which direction, and it's only done this way for convention. What matters is that the waves propagate at right angles to one another.

Patience Olsen 1A

Find molarity (M) of the original solution: 5.00 g KMnO4/0.15000 L soln * 1 mol KMnO4/158.04 g KMnO4 = 0.211 mol/L = 0.211 M Find how many moles of KMnO4 are present in 20.00 mL of this solution using molarity from previous step: 0.211 mol/L * 0.02000 L = 0.00422 mol KMnO4 Find molarity of the new s...

Patience Olsen 1A

Formula units are basically empirical formulas for ionic compounds, but in most questions just represent molecules (in their simplest, empirical form). For example, E.9 (b) asks for the number of formula units of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a 5.15 g sample of the compound. This question is sol...

CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Search found 28 matches

Re: Sigma Bonds

Re: AXE formula

Re: Sigma and Pi bonds

Re: Formal charge with ions

Re: Radicals

Re: HW 3.41 part c)

Re: Formal Charge

Re: Oxidation Number & Bonds

Re: radicals [ENDORSED]

Re: Ionic vs Covalent

Re: Atomic Radius [ENDORSED]

Re: HW 2.29 [ENDORSED]

Re: Issues with 7th Edition Textbook

Re: Ionization Energy

Re: Question 1.19 Help

Re: Ionization Energy

Issues with 7th Edition Textbook

Re: Electron Affinity

Re: Octet

Re: Lyman vs. Balmer vs. Paschen vs. Brackett?

Re: Lyman and Balmer Series

Re: Notation

Re: Parent acids

Re: Homework problem G13

Re: Fundamentals HW G.13

Re: Electromagnetic Field [ENDORSED]

Re: Outline 1 (Molarity,solutions, Dilutions) #25

Re: Formula Units