CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

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You should probably know what the graphs generally look like and how the graphs are related to the equations.

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You should probably know the different rate laws, and the different equations that can be derived from them or link them to other equations.

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unique reaction rate takes into account stoichiometric coefficients, or the order of the reaction

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each order's units are different. However, Cole's units are correct and are very helpful in figuring out which order is being used.

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both are the same. and depending on which order it is, you would change it accordingly.

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According to my TA, we will only be focusing on 0,1,and 2.

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theres different half life reactions for zero, 1st, and 2nd order. Only 1st order is independent of the concentration of A.

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the unique rate produces the same rate no matter which species you use.

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Gibbs is the amount of free energy available to do work, but is related to enthalpy and entropy.

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Since S is a state function, the path it takes doesn't matter, therefore if it returns to the original state, entropy is 0.

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m is just molar! so Sm is molar entropy

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van't hoff equation helps establish a relationship between K and Gibbs

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Max work occurs reversibly at constant temp and pressure

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It doesn't matter which one you convert to, as long as you make sure both are in the same units

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Isolated systems take away any other factors that can be impacting the reaction.

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They can have both. However heat can be transferred in a closed system.

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The workshops are so so helpful!! Definitely go to Lyndon's, but make sure you go early to save yourself a seat!

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the negative sign tells us whether the system is doing work or if work is being done on they system

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single bonds are not just the half of a double bond. instead to break a double bond and form a single bond, the double bond has to break completely

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all of the energy used is for the transition phase so doesn't get used up.

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enthalpy is the total amount of energy while entropy represents the internal disorder that results every time energy is transferred

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U is the internal energy while q is the internal heat.

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steam causes more severe burns because steam has more energy if you look at its heating curve.

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Catalysts only effect the activation energy, and doesn't effect the reaction itself at all.

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I think memorizing the strong acids and bases would be helpful, but if the Ka or Kb is given, you will be able to know if its weak or strong based on how small the number is.

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Hi!
Q is calculated the same way as K, but instead of being the equilibrium concentration, it can tell you which way the reaction is proceeding.

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You would have to figure out the equation. Some equations are more familiar and you would be able to figure it out easily. For others, theres probably context or hints as to which are the reactants or products.

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Solid and Liquid concentrations change very little, and the amount is insignificant so that they don't need to be included.

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Hi! Kc, Kp, and Q are all very similar. Kc is just the equilibrium concentration while Kp is the pressure at equilibrium. Q finds which way the reaction is going.

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Hi! I think in that case you would just use PV= nRT to convert!

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Yes, they both correspond to each other.

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The bigger the radius, the more polarizable. And with more electrons, it will also be more polarizable.

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I think you can use either. Many TAs and UAs have said they prefer the old names, which makes sense because they're easier. For the test, both will be correct.

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it can be used when naming, but when putting it in brackets, you should know what it consists of. Also better to just know the full name as well.

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I just compared the ones with similar names and figured out what adding each molecule does. For example, in CN-, NC-, or SCN- or NCS-, adding the S adds a thio-. When N is moved to the front, it adds an iso-

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Yes unless theres another molecule that balances it all out.

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It doesn't matter in the square brackets, only when you're naming it.

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When it cannot rotate around, the bond ends up breaking.

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Since tin isn't in the first period, it can be an exception to the rule.

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Sigma and Pi bonds do not affect structure. The only things that impact the structure is the lone pairs and bonds

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Hybrid resonance is just kind of the average of all possible resonance structures.

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"Cu2+ ends up having the electron structure [Ar] 3d9. Why would this be, since filling the d orbital in this way does not result in a fully filled d orbital? Why is the structure not [Ar]3d7 4s2?" One easier way to figure it out is by first using the ground state configuration: Cu: [Ar] 3d...

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Since Sulfur is below Oxygen in the periodic table, it is less electronegative. So Carbon and Oxygen have greater difference in electronegativity.

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The stuff we learned today will not be on the midterm, but is always good to keep in mind!

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Ionization energy and electronegativity both increase up and to the right.
Atomic radius increases down and to the left.

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Boron is electron deficient, and usually only makes three covalent bonds. This means that it only has 6 valence electrons.

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The formula shows that you will either know the momentum or the position. And they are both uncertain. The higher certainty of one means that there is more uncertainty of the other.

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Hi, I also think C is the right answer as frequency decreases, the wavelength changes. The slope therefore decreases.

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Hi! Can someone please explain degeneracy of electrons?

Thanks

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Hi!
In this question, extent of change is really just asking how the slope is changing. When frequency decreases, the slope also decreases.

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It is impacted by electron repulsion, where electrons repel each other because of their charge. Electrons will stay as far as they can from each other, while also still staying in their orbital.

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As of right now, Prof Lavelle has not posted any more modules. Hopefully after he introduces the next topic, he will upload more modules.

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"Does this happen when the frequency of light decreases? Why?
(c) The extent of the change in the electrical field at a given
point decreases."

Yes because as frequency changes, the waves become wider and longer, which means the slope decreases as well.

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Photons are packets of energy, but the energy can be seen as wavelengths. The wavelengths can show the amount of energy and frequency.

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1 kilo-electronvolt = 1.60218^-16 Joules

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We just assume that it is 100g unless otherwise stated to make it easier to calculate percentages.

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To find the mass of one water molecule, divide it by Avogadro's number and then multiply it by the molar mass of water.

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Thank you so much!

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How do I find the amount of moles for water molecules in MgSo4 + 7H2O (epsom salts) when there is 5.15g of epsom salt?

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