Search found 63 matches
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 12:55 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: concept
- Replies: 2
- Views: 320
Re: concept
A second order reaction is a reaction where x + y = 2. This can happen if one reactant is consumed at a rate proportional to the square of the reactant's concentration (rate = k[A]2) or both reactants are consumed linearly over time (rate = k[A][B]).
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 12:54 pm
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Zero Order Reaction
- Replies: 5
- Views: 858
Re: Zero Order Reaction
For example 10mg of a drug maybe eliminated per hour, this rate of elimination is constant and is independent of the total drug concentration in the plasma
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 12:53 pm
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: Concept
- Replies: 4
- Views: 737
Re: Concept
Zero-order reactions are typically found when a material that is required for the reaction to proceed, such as a surface or a catalyst, is saturated by the reactants. For example a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time; 10mg a drug may be eliminated per hour, this rate of elimination i...
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 12:51 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: pre-equilibrium
- Replies: 1
- Views: 195
Re: pre-equilibrium
yes we only need to know how to do this approach
- Mon Mar 04, 2019 9:19 am
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Order of the reactant (n)
- Replies: 4
- Views: 475
Re: Order of the reactant (n)
The rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is an equation that links the reaction rate with the concentrations or pressures of the reactants and constant parameters. Basically it is a number that relates the rate of a chemical reaction with the concentrations of the reacting substances an...
- Mon Mar 04, 2019 9:17 am
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: How to determine zero order rxts
- Replies: 1
- Views: 244
Re: How to determine zero order rxts
Zero-order reactions are typically found when a material that is required for the reaction to proceed, such as a surface or a catalyst, is saturated by the reactants. A reaction is zero-order if concentration data is plotted versus time and the result is a straight line; independent of the concentra...
- Mon Mar 04, 2019 9:13 am
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: First Oder
- Replies: 1
- Views: 265
Re: First Oder
b/c it proceeds at a rate that depends linearly on only one reactant concentration, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reacting substance
- Wed Feb 27, 2019 10:09 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: draw galvanic cell
- Replies: 3
- Views: 447
Re: draw galvanic cell
I would know generally what it looks like and how it works, but for sure know how to draw a cell diagram
- Wed Feb 27, 2019 10:09 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: salt bridge vs porous disk
- Replies: 4
- Views: 2112
Re: salt bridge vs porous disk
Without the salt bridge, the solution in the anode compartment would become positively charged and the solution in the cathode compartment would become negatively charged,because of the charge imbalance,the electrode reaction would quickly come to a halt. The two basically have the same purpose
- Wed Feb 27, 2019 10:07 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: flipping the sign of Ecell
- Replies: 5
- Views: 663
Re: flipping the sign of Ecell
yes, when the reaction is reversed you flip the sign
- Thu Feb 21, 2019 10:21 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Pt as an electrode
- Replies: 4
- Views: 606
Re: Pt as an electrode
the mass of an inert electrode does not change during the oxidation-reduction reaction; inert electrodes are often made of platinum or gold because these metals are chemically unreactive.
- Thu Feb 21, 2019 10:19 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Number 6k.5 7th edition
- Replies: 1
- Views: 179
Re: Number 6k.5 7th edition
It doesn't seem to be asking for two half reactions, rather for you to balance the whole reaction by putting a 3 in front of O2 and O3
- Thu Feb 21, 2019 10:06 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Writing Half Reactions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 295
Re: Writing Half Reactions
You can add water. Each equation is balanced by adjusting coefficients and adding H2O, H+, and e- in this order: Balance elements in the equation other than O and H then balance the oxygen atoms by adding the appropriate number of water (H2O) molecules to the opposite side of the equation.
- Fri Feb 15, 2019 11:47 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Post All Chemistry Jokes Here
- Replies: 9651
- Views: 3007395
- Tue Feb 12, 2019 7:52 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Irreversible Entropy Changes
- Replies: 1
- Views: 234
Irreversible Entropy Changes
When talking about entropy change due to temperature change when the process was done irreversibly, why do we use deltaS = nRln(t/t)
- Tue Feb 12, 2019 11:34 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Equations for 2nd law
- Replies: 1
- Views: 234
Re: Equations for 2nd law
every energy transfer that takes place will increase the entropy of the universe and reduce the amount of usable energy available to do work
- Tue Feb 12, 2019 11:29 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Reasons for Heat Capacity
- Replies: 2
- Views: 271
Re: Reasons for Heat Capacity
the transferred heat depends on three factors: (1) The change in temperature, (2) the mass of the system, and (3) the substance and phase of the substance.
- Tue Feb 12, 2019 11:27 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Isochoric vs isometric
- Replies: 4
- Views: 2448
Re: Isochoric vs isometric
An isochoric process, also called a constant-volume process, or an isometric process, is a thermodynamic process during which the volume of the closed system undergoing such a process remains constant.
- Mon Feb 04, 2019 9:05 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: isothermal expansion
- Replies: 2
- Views: 324
Re: isothermal expansion
An isothermal process is a change of a system, in which the temperature remains constant: ΔT = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir (heat bath), and the change in the system will occur slowly enough to allow the system to continue to adjust to the te...
- Mon Feb 04, 2019 8:59 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Isolated System (Water bottle)
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1789
Re: Isolated System (Water bottle)
An isolated system is a thermodynamic system that cannot exchange either energy or matter outside the boundaries of the system. Heat is not leaving and neither is the contents of the water bottle
- Mon Feb 04, 2019 8:56 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Isothermic definition
- Replies: 5
- Views: 853
Re: Isothermic definition
There's the isothermal process where temperature is constant, internal energy is constant, and the quantity P x V, is also constant. There's the isometric process where the change in volume is 0, which means no work can be done.
- Mon Jan 28, 2019 10:03 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: eq constants for acids
- Replies: 4
- Views: 440
Re: eq constants for acids
Strong acids do have Ka values, extremely large ones that, for the purpose of stoichiometry, the value is considered infinity. This is because strong acids will in theory dissolve completely
- Mon Jan 28, 2019 10:02 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Salts
- Replies: 1
- Views: 226
Re: Salts
Salts do not chemically react with water. When they combination hit water, they break down into separate ions. The salt becomes soluble in the water, rather than reacting with it. The addition of salt causes the volume of the water to change. But since that salt does not release or bind to the water...
- Mon Jan 28, 2019 10:00 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Enthalpy and state property
- Replies: 2
- Views: 277
Re: Enthalpy and state property
Enthalpy is a state function because it depends only on two thermodynamic properties of the state the substance is at the moment (like temperature and pressure, or temperature and entropy, or any pair of other state functions). It does not depend on the path followed by the substance to get there. E...
- Sat Jan 26, 2019 2:37 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Solids and Liquids for pressure change
- Replies: 3
- Views: 690
Re: Solids and Liquids for pressure change
Changes in presure have very little effect on the volume of a liquid. Liquids are relatively incompressible because any increase in pressure can only slightly reduce the distance between the closely packed molecules.
- Fri Jan 25, 2019 3:04 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Enthalpy as a state property
- Replies: 2
- Views: 360
Re: Enthalpy as a state property
As represented by the solution to the integral, enthalpy is a state function because it only depends on the initial and final conditions, and not on the path taken to establish these conditions. Heat is bc the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the heat and the work tra...
- Fri Jan 25, 2019 3:01 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: The qp symbol
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1472
Re: The qp symbol
If q is positive, we say that the reaction is endothermic, that is, heat flows into the reaction from the outside surroundings. If q is negative, then the reaction is exothermic, that is, heat is given off to the external surroundings.
- Thu Jan 17, 2019 9:22 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium Constants
- Replies: 5
- Views: 356
Re: Equilibrium Constants
Kc and Kp are the equilibrium constants of gaseous mixtures. However, the difference between the two constants is that Kc is defined by molar concentrations, whereas Kp is defined by the partial pressures of the gasses inside a closed system.
- Thu Jan 17, 2019 9:20 am
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: difficulties recognizing weak acids and bases
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1462
Re: difficulties recognizing weak acids and bases
Honestly, it is helpful to memorize them so the strong acids are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, and chloric acid. The only weak acid formed by the reaction between hydrogen and a halogen is hydrofluoric acid.
- Thu Jan 17, 2019 9:13 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Why do stronger bases have conjugate acids with larger pKa values?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 2856
Re: Why do stronger bases have conjugate acids with larger pKa values?
Strong acids include H3O+, HCl and HNO3. For example, in water, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid readily donates a proton to a water molecule and the equilibrium position lies so far to the right that we usually assume that the HCl molecule completely dissociates in water. This means that the re...
- Sun Jan 13, 2019 6:23 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Aqueous Solutions [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 223
Re: Aqueous Solutions [ENDORSED]
Pure solids or liquids are excluded from the equilibrium expression because their effective concentrations stay constant throughout the reaction. The density of a pure liquid or solid is the same, regardless of how much pure liquid or solid is present.
- Sun Jan 13, 2019 6:21 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Units
- Replies: 3
- Views: 296
Re: Units
The torr is a unit of pressure and is defined as exactly of a standard atmosphere. A bar is a pressure unit defined as 100 kilopascals. This makes one atmosphere nearly equal to one bar. 1 bar = 750.06375541921 Torr
- Sun Jan 13, 2019 6:18 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Definition of an Ideal Gas [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 261
Re: Definition of an Ideal Gas [ENDORSED]
The ideal gas law is based on a series of assumptions on gas particles. 1. All gas particles are in constant motion and collisions between the gas molecules and the walls of the container cause the pressure of the gas. 2. The particles are so small that their volume is negligible compared with the v...
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 11:05 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Acceptor and Donor?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 554
Re: Acceptor and Donor?
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a species formed by the reception of a proton (H+) by a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it. On the other hand, a conjugate base is what is left over after an acid has donated a proton during a chemical re...
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 10:54 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Identifying Ligands
- Replies: 1
- Views: 269
Re: Identifying Ligands
en will be bidentate; dien will be tridentate; oxolato will be bidentate
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 10:27 pm
- Forum: Air Pollution & Acid Rain
- Topic: acid rain
- Replies: 1
- Views: 425
Re: acid rain
It mentions it very briefly, like maybe a sentence in the 7th edition, so I would recommend google to help you out Layla
- Thu Nov 29, 2018 5:45 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: identifying hybridization of a central atom
- Replies: 4
- Views: 388
Re: identifying hybridization of a central atom
Polar molecules occur when two atoms do not share electrons equally in a covalent bond. If the electronegativity difference between the atoms is greater than 2.0, the bond is ionic. Ionic compounds are extremely polar molecules. But if the dipole moments cancel out on there molecule, its symmetrical...
- Thu Nov 29, 2018 5:41 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Carbon monoxide
- Replies: 1
- Views: 240
Re: Carbon monoxide
By forming a triple bond, both C and O within carbon monoxide have a full valence shell.
- Thu Nov 29, 2018 2:56 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: Bond Strength
- Replies: 2
- Views: 300
Re: Bond Strength
Oxygen has a greater electronegativity than nitrogen so the non-bonded electron pair on a nitrogen atom is more available for sharing than a non-bonded electron pair on an oxygen atom.
- Sun Nov 25, 2018 10:07 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: electron-deficient compounds
- Replies: 1
- Views: 220
Re: electron-deficient compounds
Electron deficiency occurs when a compound has too few valence electrons for the connections between atoms to be described as covalent bonds. I am not exactly sure if we have explicitly discussed them in class.
- Sun Nov 25, 2018 10:05 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Nodal Planes
- Replies: 3
- Views: 305
Re: Nodal Planes
A nodal plane is a plane in which the probability of finding a electron is zero.
- Sun Nov 25, 2018 10:03 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Bond Energy
- Replies: 1
- Views: 257
Re: Bond Energy
when you make a chemical bond between two atoms, the electrons go from higher energy atomic orbitals to lower energy molecular orbitals. The loss of energy by the electrons coincides with a simultaneous release of energy. Also if you didn't need energy to break a bond then combustion of wood could j...
- Sun Nov 18, 2018 10:09 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Promotion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 302
Re: Promotion
electron promotion is when an electron absorbs a photon to jump from a low energy level orbital to a higher energy orbital. This can only happen if the photon energy matches the energy difference of the orbitals.
- Sun Nov 18, 2018 10:04 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Polar/Nonpolar
- Replies: 3
- Views: 345
Re: Polar/Nonpolar
Although the bond arrangement around the C atom is symmetrical the different polarities of the C-Cl and C-H bonds means the effects of the bonds aren't canceled.
- Sun Nov 18, 2018 9:54 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Electrostatic Energy and Energy Density
- Replies: 1
- Views: 184
Electrostatic Energy and Energy Density
What is electrostatic energy and energy density and how will we have to apply this information?
- Sun Nov 11, 2018 3:10 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Metallic Bond
- Replies: 7
- Views: 651
Re: Metallic Bond
It is a type of chemical bonding that rises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions
- Sun Nov 11, 2018 3:09 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Polar vs Non polar
- Replies: 15
- Views: 4564
Re: Polar vs Non polar
If the electronegativity of two atoms is basically the same, a nonpolar covalent bond will form, and if the electronegativity is slightly different, a polar covalent bond will form.
- Sun Nov 11, 2018 3:05 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Covalent Radius
- Replies: 3
- Views: 571
Re: Covalent Radius
Atomic radius applies to a single atom. It is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of its electron cloud. Covalent radius applies when two atoms of the same species are bonded. It is half of the distance between the two nuclei.
- Wed Oct 31, 2018 12:04 am
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Predicting which orbital an electron should be removed from to create 1+ ion
- Replies: 2
- Views: 270
Re: Predicting which orbital an electron should be removed from to create 1+ ion
The ground state of Cu is 3d^10 4s^1 because copper atoms have enough electrons to completely fill the 3d sub-shell, but only if one electron from the 4s sub-shell is used and this arrangement makes the atom more stable so it takes on this arrangement, so in order to get a +1 charge it would first l...
- Wed Oct 31, 2018 12:01 am
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Grounds states with f orbitals (2A.5)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 149
Re: Grounds states with f orbitals (2A.5)
The f orbital is introduced in periods 6 and 7 so in this case when Tl loses 3 electrons, one from the 6p orbital and two from the 6s orbital, the ground state is 4f^14 5d^10
- Tue Oct 30, 2018 11:48 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Ground states (homework problem 2A.11)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 201
Re: Ground states (homework problem 2A.11)
Since the ion lost 3 electrons, therefore becoming +3, you need to find the element that can lose its two 4s electrons and one 3d electron and have the groundstate of 3d^6 and cobalt can lose its two 4s electrons and one of its 3d^7 electrons to become 3d^6
- Sun Oct 28, 2018 9:02 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Degeneracy
- Replies: 7
- Views: 488
Re: Degeneracy
Electron orbitals that have the same energy levels are called degenerate orbitals.
- Sun Oct 28, 2018 8:58 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Ionization energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 214
Re: Ionization energy
The ionization energy is defined as the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron. As the atomic radius decreases, it becomes harder to remove an electron that is closer to a more positively charged nucleus
- Sun Oct 28, 2018 8:54 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Energy of Electrons
- Replies: 1
- Views: 261
Re: Energy of Electrons
Yes, it does! The order of the electron orbital energy levels, starting from least to greatest, is as follows: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p. Except in hydrogen atoms, in hydrogen, all orbitals with the same principal quantum number n are degenerate
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 9:54 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Schrodinger question
- Replies: 3
- Views: 2610
Re: Schrodinger question
The Schrodinger equation is used to find the allowed energy levels of quantum mechanical systems
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 9:50 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Wave Properties
- Replies: 4
- Views: 380
Re: Wave Properties
Everything exhibits wave-particle duality, everything from electrons to baseballs. The behavior of relatively large objects, like baseballs, is dominated by their particle nature so we don't/can't detect their wave like properties.
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 9:47 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Photoelectric Effect
- Replies: 8
- Views: 903
Re: Photoelectric Effect
When light shines on a metal, electrons can be ejected from the surface of the metal in a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect did not produce the results they expected but rather supports the view that radiation consists of photons that behave like particles. Basic...
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 6:13 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Threshold energy [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 17
- Views: 2084
Re: Threshold energy [ENDORSED]
Threshold energy is associated with the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a solid, like in the photoelectric effect, but is not used in the calculation of the energy of a photon
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 6:03 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: C=Wavelength*Frequency
- Replies: 11
- Views: 3136
Re: C=Wavelength*Frequency
C is the the speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 5:59 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Units for the Work Function of a Metal
- Replies: 1
- Views: 292
Re: Units for the Work Function of a Metal
Yes, you do need to convert to joules beforehand but based on on decimal points your answer seems correct
- Sat Oct 06, 2018 8:34 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: theoretical yield
- Replies: 1
- Views: 190
theoretical yield
Hello, could someone please explain to me how to calculate theoretical yield for example in the problem in m1 when 35.0 g of ammonia reacted with an excess of hypochlorite ion, 25.2 g of hydrazine was produced; what is the percentage yield of hydrazine?
- Sat Oct 06, 2018 8:25 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: dilutions? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 618
dilutions? [ENDORSED]
Could someone please explain to me the general steps for how to complete a dilution problem?
- Sat Oct 06, 2018 8:14 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: MOLARITY
- Replies: 17
- Views: 2055
Re: MOLARITY
Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution and can be calculated by Molarity= mol solute/L of solution