CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes. For concentration cells, the Enot is always zero.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

In concentration cells there is no need to identify which side is oxidized or reduced. Just realize that the one with the smaller concentration is always the product and the one with the higher concentration is the reactant.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Dr. Lavelle said we don't need to know how to draw structures for 14B.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes. There is a possibility in which the order can be any sign and any fraction.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Rate constants are never negative in any reactions. The value of k will always be positive.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The "k" value can never be negative. For a first order reaction, the slope=-k. Since the slope is negative, k is the opposite sign of what ever the slope is.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

It is useful in problems to fine K at a different temperature if delta H is known.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Last Wednesday we finished electrochemistry and began Kinetics.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The number of reactants ultimately determines molecularity.
For example:
A-->products is unimolecular
A+A---> products is bimolecular
A+B--->products is also bimolecular
A+B+B---> products is termolecular
A+B+C----> products is also termolecular

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes, it is possible to have all reactants be in first order.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

We need to know how to calculate standard reduction potentials of cells from given reactions.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

You find n by finding the number of moles of electrons transferred in a reaction.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

When delta G is negative, the forward reaction is spontaneous and the products are more stable.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

We sometimes add H2O or H+ to balance redox reactions to ensure to correct amount of oxygens and hydrogens are balanced on each side.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

When reactions are spontaneous, they do not need anything extra to occur. Therefore, these reactions will naturally form products.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes, we need a constant temperature to use that equation.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The default temperature when dealing with standard energy is usually 25 degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

q and w inherently denote change because it is a transfer of energy.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

There are no units for Keq or Kc or Kp.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Phase changes can be spontaneous or non spontaneous.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

I had trouble understanding why steam creates a more severe burn then hot water. Can someone explain this concept again please?

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

You would usually use Kp when dealing with gases. However, if the question explicitly states find the Kc, then just use Kc when doing calculations.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Dr. Lavelle was basically showing us the proof behind the work equation which is why he got the integral.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes. The 2NO's cancel each other which is why NO is not in the final reaction.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

You have it flipped. It requires energy to break the bonds on the reactant side, and it releases energy when bonds are formed on the product side.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The question implies that it is about water since it has hydroxide and hydronium ion.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

A salt has a anion and cation. For example, NaF is a salt since Na+ is a cation and F- is an anion.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes. The two terms mean the exact same thing.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Without adding more reactants, you would have to decrease the amount of products (NH3) in order to yield more products.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Because endothermic reactions require heat in the reactants, increasing the temperature will result in the reaction sitting to the products in order to relieve the stress added to reaction. The same goes for exothermic reactions as the reaction will lay to the reactants if temperature is increased.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The equilibrium constant is not affect by pure liquids or solids. Only gases and aqueous solutions affect equilibrium.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Test 1 will cover chemical equilibrium and most of acid/base.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes. From now on the homework is due in discussion every week.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The information you googled was briefly mentioned in class, but Dr. Lavelle made it clear that this is only true if the pressure changes by also changing the volume. If the pressure changes by inserting an inert gas, then there is no equilibrium shift.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

I-initial concentration
C-change
E-equilibrium concentration

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The main rule is that liquids and solids are not included in the equilibrium constant expression. Aqueous solutions and gases are included.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes, a weak acid has a strong conjugate base. And a strong base has a weak conjugate acid.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Lavelle said we do not need to worry about those specific calculations because that is more 14B. All we need to know is the regular pH calculation of an acid or base based on its concentration.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

K means constant.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

A coordinate sphere is the area in a transition metal complex where the ligands are directly attached to the central atom.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

You will need to calculate formal charge to see which one is favorable.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

A sigma bond has two orbitals that interact end to end to form the bond. Sigma bonds allow rotation of atoms. A pi bond has two orbitals that overlap side to side to form the bond. Pi bonds do not allow the atoms to rotate. When two atoms are bound by more than one covalent bond, the additional orbi...

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Resonance does occur in vsepr structures. However, resonance does not change the name or structure of the molecule.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

To find the hybridization of an atom in a molecule, count the number of regions of electron density. If there are two regions, then the hybridization is sp. If three, then it is sp2. If four, then it is sp3. If there are five regions, then it is sp3d.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Double and triple bonds are still only one region of electron density; therefore, it does not affect the naming of the molecule or the vsepr structure.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Those three forces are used interchangeably.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

sp has two electron density groups which is a linear orientation. sp2 has three electron density groups which is a trigonal planar orientation.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Lone pair electrons do affect the shape of molecules. They also slightly decrease the angle of the atoms.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Dipole moments aren't directly related to VSEPR theory, but they will determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

They are the same type of attractive forces. In other words, those terms can be used interchangeably.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Single bonds are the weakest because they are the longest. Double and triple bonds are stronger because they are smaller and held tighter to the atoms.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The first four elements (H, He, Li, Be) are exceptions along with radicals and elements in the third period and below.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

In the case of NaCl, the cation Na+ exerts an electrostatic attraction on the electrons surroundings the anion Cl-. Therefore, the anion's electrons are pulled into the bonding region which creates a shared region of electrons between the bond of NaCl. As a result, this salt has some covalent charac...

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

This cannot be applied to a hydrogen atom because hydrogen is not a multi electron atom. In other words, it must have more than one electron.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Yes. This is because radicals only have one free electron instead of an electron pair.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Ionization energy is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom. Atoms that form cations have lower IE because they want to give away their electrons, which requires less energy. Electron affinity is the energy released when an electron is added to an atom. In simple terms, atoms...

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The elements on the top right of the periodic table have a negative (-) charge, which means they really want one electron to be neutral. This means they also have a high electron affinity.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Since anions gain electrons while maintaining the same number of protons, the electron cloud enlarges and there is more electron-electron repulsion.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

We do not need to know how to depict/draw the orbitals and their orientations. It is just too complicated to draw free hand.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Dr. Lavelle said that we do not need to know how to do any calculations with Schrodinger's Equation. He just wants us to have a conceptual idea of the wave model. Calculations won't be on the test.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

It really just depends on what the question is asking for. If it gives you the momentum (p), then solve for the uncertainty in position (x). And visa versa.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Correct. Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional. As one increases, the other decreases.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

The standard units for frequency are Hertz (Hz). Also the standard units for wavelength is meters. You always want to convert the units to this standard when using them for calculations.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

When an electron goes from a high energy level and drops to a lower energy level, the difference in energy (ΔE) is given off as a photon.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

All you do is divide 1 by Avogadro's number. The calculation should looks like this: 1/(6.02 x 10^23).

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

Just to clarify, the molar mass measures the weight of 6.02 x 10^23 particles of a substance.

Kyle Golden Dis 2G

To find the mols in a molarity problem, you can multiply the concentration by the number of liters. Then you can convert to number of mols to grams.

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