CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

jocelyntzeng

you can use bar you dont have to convert to concentration

jocelyntzeng

they are used interchangeably just depends on what you are given, partial pressures or concentrations

jocelyntzeng

it requires energy but it also releases energy so overall it is exothermic whereas making bonds just requires energy so it is endothermic

jocelyntzeng

ideal gas law can also be used to find one part of the equation to put into another equation or sometimes to directly substitute into an equation

jocelyntzeng

they can also be used to acid and base

jocelyntzeng

i think both are ok just be careful when using R values

jocelyntzeng

from OH and H3O concentrations you can determine which one is in excess and that determines if it is a acid or base

jocelyntzeng

it is atm

jocelyntzeng

just look at the units and see which one to use

jocelyntzeng

no you would report as bar

jocelyntzeng

he won't actually have us do the calculus he was just showing us how he got to the equations

jocelyntzeng

q is the ratio of products and reactants at that moment whereas Kc is the ratio at equilibrium

jocelyntzeng

it will ask you specifically but usually it is pH

jocelyntzeng

can add them together then solve, or solve them separately and add together

jocelyntzeng

it can also be used to replace pV with nRT in some equations

jocelyntzeng

it can also be used in calculated Q and K like partial pressure

jocelyntzeng

is standard state at 1 bar or 1 atm

jocelyntzeng

it becomes a gas or solid if it is vaporized or frozen

jocelyntzeng

yes it will tell you if you need to assume that

jocelyntzeng

anode is oxidation and it is on the left whereas cathode is reduction and it is on the right

jocelyntzeng

yes you can approximate but always check with the 5% rule

jocelyntzeng

Q is not always at equilibrium but it can be; it is most often used to show to which side the reaction will shift to

jocelyntzeng

you use the 5% rule to check to make sure that your approximation is correct and can be used

jocelyntzeng

K has to be very small so you can assume that x is very small

jocelyntzeng

K is unitless

jocelyntzeng

you can easily convert between the two but just be careful to use the right R value corresponding

jocelyntzeng

the question will say that it is an ideal gas

jocelyntzeng

atm is most commonly used

jocelyntzeng

it's like a salt bridge, it replenishes the electrolytes

jocelyntzeng

no we did not

jocelyntzeng

yes it does because it is the rate at that particular moment

jocelyntzeng

solubility is how able a solid is able to dissolve so that means that products are more favored in compounds with higher solubility which means it has a higher equilibrium constant

jocelyntzeng

yes that is correct

jocelyntzeng

they help to maintain the balance of electrolytes

jocelyntzeng

yes that is correct

jocelyntzeng

it should tell you which trial you are using or give you other information from which you then see which trial to use

jocelyntzeng

you need to be able to identify them in an equation, explain how they lower the activation energy at the transition state, explain how it increases the rate, and give an example

jocelyntzeng

We won't be required to draw graphs but be able to interpret them.

jocelyntzeng

yup that is true!

jocelyntzeng

you should be able to tell which one is a product if it is a mixture of two of the other molecules (if your question is regarding like hw only giving moeclues and no chemical equation)

jocelyntzeng

Heterogeneous equilibrium is where different states of matter are present within a reaction and homogeneous means that there are no different states, everything is that same.

jocelyntzeng

can someone explain to me the difference in using di, tri, tetra, and bis, tris, and tetrakis

jocelyntzeng

depends because hybridization only determines electron arrangement on the central atom

jocelyntzeng

it depends! hybridization is mainly talking about electron arrangement on the central atom (which includes both lone pairs and bonding pairs) so there are different shapes depending on the amount of lone pairs and bonding pair

jocelyntzeng

Yup so a sigma bond is basically when two atoms share 2 electrons, which forms a single bond and a pi bond is a double bond (with on single bond)

jocelyntzeng

I think just the basic application, and where it comes up and how it affects the molecule (ie makes it more unstable)

jocelyntzeng

So basically you would want the structure where the formal charges are closest to zero to determine where the double bonds belong. It's also important to remember which elements are more electronegative so you know which atoms are more likely to have a non zero formal charge.

jocelyntzeng

yup i think that that is correct!

jocelyntzeng

So octahedral is when 6 atoms are around a central atom whereas square planar instead of 6 atoms has 4 atoms and 2 lone pairs.

jocelyntzeng

Electron promotion is when an electron absorbs a photon to jump from a low energy level orbital to a higher energy orbital

jocelyntzeng

polarizability is a measure of how easily electrons can be pulled by an electric field. if electrons are easily distorted/not shared equally among the atoms, then it is very polarizable

jocelyntzeng

when you add all the formal charges of all the atoms together you get the overall formal charge of the molecule, so you want to have the least charged molecule

jocelyntzeng

is the central atom the element with the lowest ionization energy or the lowest electronegativity?

jocelyntzeng

It is s<p<d<f because the different levels correspond with how far the electrons are from the nucleus.

jocelyntzeng

Nope I don't think we need to know those things

jocelyntzeng

Nope I don't think we need to know that!

jocelyntzeng

yes, it's often really easy to overlook some units and when looking back at your work, you can easily forget why your wrote what you wrote. so, writing down your units everytime saves silly mistakes.

jocelyntzeng

i agree, regardless of what the units you end up with, you should always end with the units that the question asks for

jocelyntzeng

If you have multiple numbers within an equation, and one of them is much more significant than the other (or the number with the largest sig fig is irrelevant), do you go with the most relevant one or with the data provided?

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