CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Nicole Garrido 2I

They could be included because they are present in the original reactants. But i'm not sure because in class we learned that catalysts are not consumed so they in may cancel out.

Nicole Garrido 2I

No, they are not included because they are not present in the original reactants or in the final products.

Nicole Garrido 2I

It's like a salt bridge in that it prevents ion build up by providing a pathway for ions to move to the other side. HOWEVER, in a cell diagram the salt bridge is drawn by 2 vertical lines, but a porous disk is drawn with only 1 vertical line.

Nicole Garrido 2I

A reaction intermediate is a molecule that is formed by the reaction, usually in step 1, and is used up by a later step of the reaction. It does not appear in the original reactants or final products.

Nicole Garrido 2I

It is similar to exothermic(releases heat) in that exergonic means it is releasing energy.

Nicole Garrido 2I

k' is the rate constant for the reverse reaction. It's used when your making a rate law. Remember k/k'=K(reaction equilibrium constant).

Nicole Garrido 2I

I don't understand the solutions in the solution manual for this question. Why can't I divide Kw by the conc. of H3O+ to find OH-. Also, when I take the -log of the H3O+ conc it gives me a negative of the actual solution.

Nicole Garrido 2I

Oxidation half reaction is where electrons are being released from the reactant, so the electrons are written on the product side. Reduction half reactions is where electrons are being added to the reactant to form a product, so the electrons are written on the left side.

Nicole Garrido 2I

A comment of the stability of products and reactants means an explanation of what the reaction tends to and why.

Nicole Garrido 2I

To conduct electricity, move ions, the reaction needs electrodes to move them. So if there is no metal solid in the reaction there is no electrode. So platinum is used as a conductor.

Nicole Garrido 2I

Solids always go on the outmost side, furthest from the salt bridge. A TA told me to write the reactant on the left and product on the right. Also aq solutions should be closest to the salt bridge.

Nicole Garrido 2I

A metal is used as a cathode or anode to conduct electricity so a reaction without a metal would not transfer ions. To make the circuit work for solutions with aq or gas reactants platinum needs to be added as a conductor.

Nicole Garrido 2I

E˚ is the standard and E is in a specific reaction. E˚ does not change through a reaction because the element is in its most stable state but E changes as the reaction goes on because the element may change because its not in its most stable state.

Nicole Garrido 2I

What is the difference between the measurement of work and work max. Does an expanding reaction have a work max?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Why are H+ and OH included in the cell diagram if they are not included in the original equation and are just used to balance and sometimes cancel out?

Nicole Garrido 2I

The skeleton equation doesn't include water or electrons. But water is used to balance the equation if there's an H or O on one side and not on the other.

Nicole Garrido 2I

The salt bridge allows for ion transfer and it keeps the amount of ions at equilibrium so that there isn't an excess or not enough ions on either side to do the reaction.

Nicole Garrido 2I

How do I know what side to balance with H or OH or H20?

Nicole Garrido 2I

In this class, yes the integral is only used to find the -PdV equation that we use. The integral is solved in order to show that pressure is constant and that volume is changing in small steps so we can just say that dV=V2-V1.

Nicole Garrido 2I

Since volume and pressure both change in reversible, isothermic system can you switch ln(V2/V1) and ln(P1/P2) whenever you want? Will you get the same answer?

Nicole Garrido 2I

What makes a reaction or movement irreversible in a system and what makes it reversible? Why are the pressures different?

Nicole Garrido 2I

An isolated system means that there is no matter or energy transfer between the contents in the inside and its surroundings. The most general example of a truly closed system is the universe because there is nothing that exists outside of the universe so nothing can be transferred between it and its...

Nicole Garrido 2I

An open system means that matter and energy is transferred between the solution and its surroundings. The pressure in the beaker is the same as its surroundings because it is open to air and the same as normal air. This is 1atm.

Nicole Garrido 2I

An isolated system means that there is no matter or energy change/transfer between the internal objects and their surroundings. Using the universe as an example - there is nothing known outside of the universes therefore it is impossible for energy or matter to be transferred to the surroundings bec...

Nicole Garrido 2I

When adding the two enthalpies, getting the net enthalpy telling whether the whole reaction is exothermic or endothermic do all of the reactions happen simultaneously or individually depending on availability of reactants. If it is the latter could a reaction be exothermic for a set amount of time a...

Nicole Garrido 2I

When adding two enthalpies can the total change signs, such as if the enthalpy of the first is positive and you add a negative one and the negative one is higher and what would that mean for the reaction?

Nicole Garrido 2I

When is the change in H, Enthalpy, positive and when is it negative?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Aqueous and gases are included in the equilibrium constant and solids and liquids are not because molar concentrations of a pure substance, solids and liquids, does not change in a reaction.

Nicole Garrido 2I

Homogeneous equilibria is where all reactants and products are in the same phase. Therefore if they are all gasses all of the components would be incorporated in the equilibrium constant equation. Heterogeneous equilibria is when one or more of the reactants or products are in a different phase. If ...

Nicole Garrido 2I

K is the equilibrium constant, but what is the purpose of finding Q? Specifically why do we use the same formula and what does it mean?

Nicole Garrido 2I

How do you calculate pH when you're given the molarity and volume of a basic solution like on Lyndon's review?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Given the formula and the final pH is it possible to do the formula backwards and find the original concentration?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Why do strong acids produce more protons than a weak acid? The process.

Nicole Garrido 2I

Does every element need a hybridization formula when bonding? Or when are the circumstances when it is needed?

Nicole Garrido 2I

How do I know when to add the extra p orbital after the sp hybridization?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Is hybridization based on bonds or electron regions? Do you include lone pairs?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Is a polar molecule any molecule with charges? If there is a net charge of 0 is it non polar (ex. central atom has +2 and two bonded atoms have -1 each)?

Nicole Garrido 2I

How would you draw a pi bond between two different molecules? Would lone pairs on one of the molecules affect it?

Nicole Garrido 2I

For examples like BF3 where the central atom does not have a complete octet, what are the characteristic changes that occur? Bonding wise and attraction wise? Maybe even state wise?

Nicole Garrido 2I

H20 has two lone pairs in order to complete the valence since 2 are being shared on each side with the hydrogens. These two lone pairs push the 2 hydrogens down because of electron repulsion. So the angle between the two hydrogens is less than 109.5. It is 104.5 because there are two lone pairs whic...

Nicole Garrido 2I

What is the correct reasoning on why 2 VSEPR models with 2 atoms of elements are not regarded? Can there be a lone pair between two bonded atoms? And would it always be linear?

Nicole Garrido 2I

When drawing a 3D structure of the VSEPR model and there is a double bond between two atoms would you draw two wedges/lines between the two atoms?

Nicole Garrido 2I

The textbook says that a hydrogen bond will dominate all other intermolecular forces, so first, is It possible for a molecule to have a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond? and second what would be the effect of that?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Is there a way to determine bond length or will it always be given?

Nicole Garrido 2I

How does electronegativity affect the radius of an atom? The process not just the trend.

Nicole Garrido 2I

Is it better for the central element of the outside elements to have a charge? Why?

Nicole Garrido 2I

The central atom is the atom with the lowest ionization energy, so the atom that requires the lowest amount of energy to remove an electron. The element closest to the bottom left of the periodic table.

Nicole Garrido 2I

Why are some elements written with a d^10 rather than s^2 and d^8?

Nicole Garrido 2I

Is the number of valence electrons based on the column the element is in? Is the proton number same as the total number of electrons?

Nicole Garrido 2I

For part A where it gives you the mass of one reactant and asks you to find the other, do you just use the ratio, or do you have to change it to moles and use avogadros number?

Nicole Garrido 2I

What does the little multiplication seeming dot mean in the middle of Na2CO3*10H2O. Is it a solvent solute concept?

Nicole Garrido 2I

How do I know how many significant figures do I add to my answer? Is it based on the 25.2kg in the question or the molar masses?

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