Search found 63 matches
- Sat Mar 16, 2019 10:50 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: How to know which conducting element to add?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 551
How to know which conducting element to add?
I was wondering how to determine which element to add to the cell diagram if there is no conducting agent, is it always Platinum, or do we need to know different ones for different instances?
- Sat Mar 16, 2019 10:48 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Determining n
- Replies: 6
- Views: 841
Re: Determining n
The easiest way to determine n is to take the 2 half reactions and balance them normally and then balance them with their charges. This means to add a number of electrons to the side that contains the more positive value, and then after this, you need to assure that this value of electrons is equal ...
- Sat Mar 16, 2019 10:44 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: w=-PdeltaW
- Replies: 5
- Views: 730
Re: w=-PdeltaW
This equation is w==P deltaV, this is used when you have a constant pressure and are asked to find the work that the system performed and will be given the two values for the different volumes.
- Sat Mar 09, 2019 9:28 pm
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: How to determine is a Reaction is Zero Order
- Replies: 2
- Views: 587
How to determine is a Reaction is Zero Order
I was wondering how it is possible to determine if a reaction is zero order... I thought that we could do this by seeing how the concentration of each reactant affects the over rate but I do not know how to go about determining this?
- Sat Mar 09, 2019 9:23 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Types of Steps
- Replies: 1
- Views: 235
Types of Steps
I was wondering what the significance of the slow step and the fast step in reactions, and how they help us in relation to chemical kinetics?
- Sat Mar 09, 2019 9:20 pm
- Forum: Second Order Reactions
- Topic: Determining the Order of a Reaction
- Replies: 3
- Views: 478
Determining the Order of a Reaction
I was wondering how to determine the overall order of a reaction? I remember my TA saying that the sum of the reactions powers is the overall order... but how do we determine is it is zero, first or second order from this?
- Sun Mar 03, 2019 4:54 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: "Strongly oxidizing"
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1059
Re: "Strongly oxidizing"
This means that Cu2+ has a greater ability as an oxidizing agent, and therefore it can be very easily reduced.
- Sun Mar 03, 2019 4:47 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Creating a cell diagram
- Replies: 8
- Views: 801
Re: Creating a cell diagram
You do not include a liquid in the cell diagram such as H20 but you do include H+ because it is an aqueous solution.
- Sun Mar 03, 2019 2:17 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: Purpose of Kinetics
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1722
Re: Purpose of Kinetics
I think that we care about the kinetics in a reaction because we are hoping to understand, like you said, how different variables affect the reaction rate, so we are probably going to be analyzing the effects in the change of the variable and how this changes the overall rate and how this would affe...
- Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:10 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: delta S= q(rev)/ T
- Replies: 5
- Views: 2225
Re: delta S= q(rev)/ T
--- Also when there is no change in temperature (constant temperature)chrisavalos-2L wrote:This equation for change in entropy is used when it is a reversible reaction.
- Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:09 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: delta S= q(rev)/ T
- Replies: 5
- Views: 2225
Re: delta S= q(rev)/ T
This equation for change in entropy is used when it is a reversible reaction.
- Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:08 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: What is residual entropy?
- Replies: 16
- Views: 4923
Re: What is residual entropy?
The residual entropy is the entropy that remains in a substance at 0 degrees Kelvin, this would usually be calculated for a perfect crystal.
- Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:06 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Oxidating/Reducing AGENTS
- Replies: 6
- Views: 757
Re: Oxidating/Reducing AGENTS
In the reaction, an oxidating agent is the one that becomes reduced during the course of the reaction, and the reducing agent is the one that become oxidized in the reaction.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 11:48 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Internal energy (U) of an isolated system
- Replies: 17
- Views: 2717
Re: Internal energy (U) of an isolated system
There would be no change because there will be no interactions with the surroundings, therefore no energy lost or energy gained so delta U will be zero, and the U itself will be the same.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 11:46 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Isolated system
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1313
Re: Isolated system
A bomb calorimeter is an isolated system because it prevents energy and matter from interacting with the surroundings of the system, hence the definition of an isolated system.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 11:44 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: S=0
- Replies: 12
- Views: 1789
Re: S=0
S is equal to zero when there is temperature is at zero Kelvin and when there is no disorder, in the instance of a perfect crystal.
- Sat Feb 09, 2019 11:36 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Constant numbers
- Replies: 4
- Views: 526
Re: Constant numbers
Any constant numbers, for example, Avogadro's number, the gas constant or Boltzmann's constant(etc.) will be given to us on the equation sheet that we get before each test, so you do not technically need to memorize them. Although once we have used them enough you probably will.
- Wed Feb 06, 2019 11:28 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: State functions and Energy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 449
Re: State functions and Energy
I would say no, because with past topics that we have been tested on Professor Lavelle always either integrated the concept into the lectures or the notes, therefore since this has not been in either, I do not think that we will be tested on it
- Wed Feb 06, 2019 11:26 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Symbol inquiry
- Replies: 4
- Views: 523
Re: Symbol inquiry
"U" is the variable that represents the actual internal energy of a system. While "△U" represents the change in the internal energy of a system.
- Wed Feb 06, 2019 11:18 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Different Work Equations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 278
Different Work Equations
I was wondering how to know which of the different work equations that we are to use for different situations?
- Sat Feb 02, 2019 4:55 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Open, closed, or isolated systems
- Replies: 10
- Views: 39276
Re: Open, closed, or isolated systems
An isolated system is when the system can neither transfer matter or energy into its surroundings, so this would be a system that is completely sealed and insulated from its surroundings. A closed system is when there can be a transfer of energy however not a transfer of matter, therefore this would...
- Sat Feb 02, 2019 4:51 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Determining Internal Energy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 412
Re: Determining Internal Energy
There is a negative sign because this indicates that the system in question is performing work, therefore it is releasing energy; hence the negative sign.
- Sat Feb 02, 2019 4:50 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: U:Internal Energy
- Replies: 4
- Views: 451
Re: U:Internal Energy
Essentially they are the same equation you would just use one or the other depending on the information that is given in the problem.
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 6:26 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Steam
- Replies: 7
- Views: 687
Re: Steam
Steam causing more of a burn than water because in the vapor phase the water must release more energy quickly in de-vaporizing and then still has to transfer the energy to the skin which is sufficiently more than that of boiling water
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 6:24 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Work, state property
- Replies: 3
- Views: 366
Re: Work, state property
This means that rather than being unconcerned with the way that the final product was created and with state functions like enthalpy, however with a nonstate function the process to achieve it actually matters in the calculations.
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 6:22 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Standard Temperature
- Replies: 7
- Views: 666
Re: Standard Temperature
Professor Lavelle mentioned to us that we should assume that the temperature of reactions would be 25 degrees Celsius unless stated otherwise.
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 6:20 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Delta H
- Replies: 11
- Views: 2011
Re: Delta H
A positive delta H indicates that the reaction is endothermic and that the reaction takes in heat/energy to occur and if it is negative that means that the reaction is exothermic and releases heat and energy.
- Sat Jan 19, 2019 11:20 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Q<K
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1305
Re: Q<K
Yes, when Q<K the forward reaction is favored and therefore in order to reach equilibrium as all reactions attempt in the long run, there will be more products formed to eventually reach equilibrium.
- Sat Jan 19, 2019 11:17 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Weak Acids and Bases
- Replies: 7
- Views: 831
Re: Weak Acids and Bases
An easy way that professor Lavelle gave us to help identify weak acids is that they have a Ka that is less than that of 10^-3.
- Sat Jan 19, 2019 11:14 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Ka vs. Kb
- Replies: 12
- Views: 4647
Re: Ka vs. Kb
Ka is used when dealing with a chemical reaction that includes an acid and Kb is used when there is a chemical reaction that includes a base. Kc is the equilibrium constant of concentrations.
- Tue Jan 15, 2019 1:02 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Concentration Affecting K
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1049
Re: Concentration Affecting K
No, it doe not affect the equilibrium constant K, this is because the constant is not determined by the concentration of the reactants and products but rather the rate at which the reaction or the reverse reaction occurs.
- Tue Jan 15, 2019 1:00 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Temperature Relation
- Replies: 3
- Views: 329
Temperature Relation
I was wondering why the temperature changes the equilibrium constant? Is there a way to calculate this or is this just a fact that we need to know and the calculation will be given to us?
- Tue Jan 15, 2019 12:58 am
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Reaction Quotient
- Replies: 10
- Views: 813
Reaction Quotient
I was a little confused on exactly what the reaction quotient is. So it is calculated the same way that K is, but why is it considered a separate entity?
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 11:50 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Regarding the test... [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 12
- Views: 5820
Re: Regarding the test... [ENDORSED]
I believe that since we covered the naming of coordination compounds in class we will be tested on it
And also I think that it would be a good idea to know the formula for en as if we are given a coordination complex to name it might have the formula in it rather than the abbreviation en.
And also I think that it would be a good idea to know the formula for en as if we are given a coordination complex to name it might have the formula in it rather than the abbreviation en.
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 11:47 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Conjugate Acids and Bases Concept
- Replies: 2
- Views: 428
Conjugate Acids and Bases Concept
Am I understanding this right...
Once an acid donates a proton (hydrogen) the resulting molecule is the conjugate base of that acid and vice versa for a base and a conjugate acid?
Once an acid donates a proton (hydrogen) the resulting molecule is the conjugate base of that acid and vice versa for a base and a conjugate acid?
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 11:45 pm
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: Amphoteric vs. Amphiprotic
- Replies: 1
- Views: 374
Amphoteric vs. Amphiprotic
I was wondering what the difference was between amphoteric and amphiprotic?
- Sat Dec 01, 2018 9:58 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Degeneracy
- Replies: 6
- Views: 712
Re: Degeneracy
Degeneracy corresponds with the orbitals, therefore; they go as follows, s=1, p=3, d=5, f=7.
- Sat Dec 01, 2018 8:29 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Trend of Electronegativity
- Replies: 18
- Views: 4250
Trend of Electronegativity
I was wondering what the trend for electronegativity was, is it the same as ionization energy?
- Sat Dec 01, 2018 8:28 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
- Replies: 5
- Views: 541
Re: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Elements that are in period three can have what is called an expanded octet in that they can go beyond the octet rule and have greater than it.
- Sat Dec 01, 2018 5:34 pm
- Forum: Sigma & Pi Bonds
- Topic: Number of Sigma and Pi Bonds
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1005
Re: Number of Sigma and Pi Bonds
This is because a sigma bond is the overlapping of the s orbital and since there is only one there can only be one sigma bond. Also, there can be multiple pi bonds because it occurs between p orbitals, and there are three therefore there can be multiple pi bonds
- Sat Dec 01, 2018 5:26 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Polar Molecules
- Replies: 12
- Views: 940
Re: Polar Molecules
A way that you determine whether or not a molecule is polar from looking at the Lewis structure is determining the dipole moments (if there are any), and if it does have dipole moments that do not cancel out then the molecule is polar.
- Sat Nov 24, 2018 7:01 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Determining the Probability of Finding an Electron in an Orbital: Test 2
- Replies: 2
- Views: 578
Determining the Probability of Finding an Electron in an Orbital: Test 2
b) In a Fluorine atom with 5 valence electrons in the 2p orbital, what is the probability of finding an electron in the exact center of this orbital?
I was wondering how to determine this probability?
I was wondering how to determine this probability?
- Sat Nov 17, 2018 11:30 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: How to Identify Dipole Moments
- Replies: 3
- Views: 442
How to Identify Dipole Moments
I was wondering how to determine when a dipole moment occurs and what exactly a dipole moment is?
- Sat Nov 17, 2018 11:12 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Determining the Difference between Ionic and Covalent Bonds
- Replies: 6
- Views: 714
Determining the Difference between Ionic and Covalent Bonds
I was wondering how to determine the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
- Sat Nov 17, 2018 11:04 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Determining Shape
- Replies: 10
- Views: 978
Determining Shape
I was wondering if there was an easy short way in determining the shape of a molecule based on its molecular formula without drawing the Lewis structure first? Or is the Lewis structure necessary for determining the shape?
- Fri Nov 09, 2018 5:23 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Combustion Equation
- Replies: 21
- Views: 2843
Combustion Equation
What is the rule for a combustion equation? Do they always produce Carbon Dioxide and Water? I have just never been sure of this. Thank You.
- Fri Nov 09, 2018 5:09 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Actual Yield
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1223
Actual Yield
I was wondering if there was any way to calculate actual yield or does it need to be given to us?
- Fri Nov 09, 2018 4:42 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Tetrahedral Shape Question
- Replies: 3
- Views: 383
Tetrahedral Shape Question
I was a little confused in lecture today when we were talking about the tetrahedral shape, so just to clarify, because there are 3 dimensions that we are looking at the tetrahedral shape takes advantage of these 3 dimensions and this is what cause the shape? Also when drawing this structure is it ne...
- Sat Nov 03, 2018 10:44 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Combustion Chemical Reactions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 519
Combustion Chemical Reactions
I was wondering if the question asks to balance the combustion equation for a specific element how are we to know what will be produced by the combustion equation, is it always the same?
- Sat Nov 03, 2018 10:29 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Determining Amount of Electrons From Quantum Numbers
- Replies: 4
- Views: 6051
Determining Amount of Electrons From Quantum Numbers
I was wondering how to find the amount of electrons in an atom when given the two quantum numbers n and l.
For example if the question was : how many electrons are in an atom with the following two quantum numbers, n= 3 and l= 2?
How would I go about determining this?
For example if the question was : how many electrons are in an atom with the following two quantum numbers, n= 3 and l= 2?
How would I go about determining this?
- Sat Nov 03, 2018 10:21 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Atomic Radius
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1042
Atomic Radius
So, I know that the trend in the periodic table for the atomic radius is that it increases down a group and decreases from left to right across a period. I was wondering what the explanation for this is, that is what is the reason for this trend?
- Sat Oct 27, 2018 3:18 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Homework Question 1B.15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 215
Homework Question 1B.15
The velocity of an electron that is emitted from a metallic surface by a photon is 3.6x10^3 km/s (a) What is the wavelength of the ejected electron? I was wondering how I would set up this equation without the mass of an electron? I was also wondering if I would need to change the units from km/s in...
- Sat Oct 27, 2018 3:05 pm
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: Heisenberg- In relation to wavelength
- Replies: 7
- Views: 741
Heisenberg- In relation to wavelength
Question: If the uncertainty in the momentum increases for a given particle what does this mean for the uncertainty in its wavelength?
I was wondering what the relationship between these two uncertainties are and how one can potentially affect the other?
I was wondering what the relationship between these two uncertainties are and how one can potentially affect the other?
- Sat Oct 27, 2018 3:01 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Homework Question 1D.23
- Replies: 2
- Views: 278
Homework Question 1D.23
How many orbitals can have the following quantum numbers in an atom? (a) n=2, l=1 I was wondering how I would answer this question? I know that there are 3 orbitals because it is in the 2p sub shell, but does that mean that that is the highest number of orbitals that it can have or does the n=2 have...
- Sat Oct 20, 2018 1:10 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Homework Question 1A.7
- Replies: 2
- Views: 309
Homework Question 1A.7
(b)When an electron beam strikes a block of copper, x-rays with a frequency of 2 x 10^18 Hz are emitted. What is the wavelength of these rays in picometers?
I was wondering what equation/ process would be used to solve this equation? Would it be the work function? Thank You
I was wondering what equation/ process would be used to solve this equation? Would it be the work function? Thank You
- Sat Oct 20, 2018 1:04 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Homework Question 1.D13
- Replies: 2
- Views: 244
Homework Question 1.D13
(a) How many values of the quantum number l are possible when n=7?
I was wondering if there is an equation that we have to use to find this number or is there are set of values that we should know?
I was wondering if there is an equation that we have to use to find this number or is there are set of values that we should know?
- Sat Oct 20, 2018 12:42 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Homework Question 1E.1
- Replies: 1
- Views: 258
Homework Question 1E.1
Which of the following increase when an electron in a lithium atom undergoes a transition from the 1s-orbital to a 2p-orbital? (a) Energy of the electron (b) value of n (c) value of l (d) radius of the atom - I think that the answer to this question is (d), because moving to this orbital would incre...
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 6:45 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Example from Class- Photoelectric Effect
- Replies: 2
- Views: 179
Example from Class- Photoelectric Effect
If 3.61x10^-19 J is required to remove an electron with the kinetic energy from a metal surface, what would be the longest wavelength light that could do this?
I was wondering how to set up the problem initially, I know the concept of what we are looking for but I'm not sure on the initial set up?
I was wondering how to set up the problem initially, I know the concept of what we are looking for but I'm not sure on the initial set up?
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 6:42 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Work Function
- Replies: 4
- Views: 246
Work Function
I was wondering if we are given an instance where we have the mass of an electron but not the velocity and are asked to find the threshold energy, is there a way to calculate the velocity in this instance or would they have to give us the velocity in this situation?
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 6:34 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Homework Question 1A.3
- Replies: 4
- Views: 475
Homework Question 1A.3
Which of the following happens when the frequency of electromagnetic radiation decreases? Explain your reasoning (a) the speed of radiation decreases (b)the wavelength of radiation decreases (c)the extent of the change in the electrical field at a given point decreases (d)the energy of the radiation...
- Sat Oct 06, 2018 10:18 am
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: Changing Units
- Replies: 10
- Views: 831
Changing Units
I was wondering if the question gave us the initial volume in mL and asked us to solve for the final volume would we give the answer in L or mL, or does it matter?
- Fri Oct 05, 2018 8:47 am
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: How To....
- Replies: 16
- Views: 2640
How To....
I was wondering when balancing a chemical equation if you need to put the state of matter? Also I was wondering what the best technique is to begin balancing any equation?
- Thu Oct 04, 2018 6:55 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: Homework Question G5
- Replies: 3
- Views: 219
Homework Question G5
A student prepared a solution of sodium carbonate by adding 2.111g of the solid to a 250 mL volumetric flask and adding water to the mark. Some of this solution was transferred to a buret. What volume of solution should the student transfer into a flask to obtain (a) 2.15 mmol Na + ; (b) 4.98 mmol C...