Search found 55 matches
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 10:20 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Calculating k
- Replies: 3
- Views: 573
Calculating k
I understand how to find m and n using concentrations of different initial rates but then how do you find k? Do you just plug in a random rate with its corresponding concentrations?
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 10:01 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Reactions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 336
Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Reactions
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions?
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 9:54 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Reactions
- Replies: 1
- Views: 218
Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Reactions
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions?
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 9:51 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: unique rate [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 3
- Views: 626
Re: unique rate [ENDORSED]
I found this posted by chem mod in another post regarding the same question: "AVERAGE RATE = (CONC(t2) − CONC(t1))/(t2 −t1) = ∆CONC/∆t INSTANTANEOUS RATE = −(d[R])/dt OR INSTANTANEOUS RATE = (d[P])/dt AVERAGE & INSTANTANEOUS RATES CAN BE DIFFERERENT FOR THE INDIVIDUAL R & P. THINK OF TH...
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 9:42 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Doubling the Concentration
- Replies: 4
- Views: 448
Doubling the Concentration
In the textbook it says "Doubling the concentration of a reactant in a first-order reaction doubles the reaction rate." Does this mean that it will make a first-order reaction into a second-order reaction as well or is that not possible?
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 9:35 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Decreasing Instantaneous Rate
- Replies: 2
- Views: 257
Decreasing Instantaneous Rate
Why is it that for most reactions, the instantaneous rate decreases as the reaction proceeds? Does this mean the reaction is going towards consumption most of the time?
- Mon Mar 11, 2019 9:32 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Avg Rate vs Instantaneous Rate
- Replies: 2
- Views: 312
Avg Rate vs Instantaneous Rate
In which situation would you want to find the average rate and in which situation would you want to find the instantaneous rate?
- Fri Mar 01, 2019 9:56 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Finding Gibbs Free Energy in Conceptual Situations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 268
Finding Gibbs Free Energy in Conceptual Situations
When you are not given any values for change in enthalpy, temperature, and change in entropy, but are given a situation such as ice melting, how are you supposed to determine Gibbs Free Energy and its spontaneity?
- Fri Mar 01, 2019 2:28 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Potentials and Likeliness to be reduced/oxidized
- Replies: 3
- Views: 389
Potentials and Likeliness to be reduced/oxidized
What is the relationship between how negative/positive the cell potential is and how much more likely it is to be reduced/oxidized?
- Thu Feb 28, 2019 4:34 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cathode and Anode
- Replies: 1
- Views: 202
Cathode and Anode
Does the side that the cathode and anode are on matter? In lecture, Lavelle said that the cathode is always on the right and the anode is always on the left, but my TA said it does not matter. However, in the textbook, it also says that switching the sides between anode and cathode will chance the s...
- Mon Feb 25, 2019 12:10 am
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: When to apply the Van't Hoff Equation
- Replies: 5
- Views: 688
When to apply the Van't Hoff Equation
Since the Van't Hoff Equation is derived from the Gibbs Free Energy equation, how will we know which one to use? Like, in what scenario would the Van't Hoff Equation be used over the standard Gibbs Free Energy equation where deltaG = deltaH - T*deltaS ?
- Mon Feb 25, 2019 12:03 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Hydrogen Electrode
- Replies: 1
- Views: 189
Hydrogen Electrode
Why can you not measure the electron transfer of one cell? Since this is the case, why must you compare the electron transfer of the half reactions to the standard hydrogen electrode (what exactly is the standard hydrogen electrode)?
- Mon Feb 25, 2019 12:00 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Galvanic Cells
- Replies: 2
- Views: 289
Re: Galvanic Cells
I don't think we need to memorize the exact diagram, but just the important components of the galvanic cell and how it works. For example, know the difference between a cathode and an anode and how the salt bridge connects the two to allow electron flow.
- Wed Feb 20, 2019 9:45 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Midterm Question (#3.D)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 460
Midterm Question (#3.D)
On the midterm Q3B was:
Phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas and jams and provides a tangy or sour taste.
Write the reaction that represents Ka2 for phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
How would you go about solving this?
Phosphoric acid (additive E338) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas and jams and provides a tangy or sour taste.
Write the reaction that represents Ka2 for phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
How would you go about solving this?
- Wed Feb 20, 2019 9:37 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Galvanic Cells
- Replies: 7
- Views: 615
Re: Galvanic Cells
The purpose of a salt bridge is not to move electrons from the electrolyte, rather it's to maintain charge balance because the electrons are moving from one-half cell to the other. The electrons flow from the anode to the cathode.
- Wed Feb 20, 2019 9:35 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: anode reversal
- Replies: 1
- Views: 214
Re: anode reversal
The direction of electron flow in electrolytic cells, however, may be reversed from the direction of spontaneous electron flow in galvanic cells, but the definition of both cathode and anode remain the same, where reduction takes place at the cathode and oxidation occurs at the anode
- Mon Feb 11, 2019 4:08 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Entropy and Disorder [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 206
Entropy and Disorder [ENDORSED]
In my discussion section, my TA said entropy is not disorder but the amount of microstates. This is much different from what I've learned in highschool, so on the midterm when asked to explain what entropy is, should I use the explanation of microstates?
- Mon Feb 11, 2019 4:05 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: difference in states
- Replies: 6
- Views: 719
difference in states
Will the different types of systems affect the calculations in the change of energy on a system?
- Mon Feb 11, 2019 3:47 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Temperature exempt from equation
- Replies: 1
- Views: 202
Temperature exempt from equation
Why is temperature not in delta S when delta S = nRln(V2/V1)?
- Sat Feb 02, 2019 9:25 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: calorimeters
- Replies: 7
- Views: 593
Re: calorimeters
Some other types of calorimeters that we may need to know are reaction calorimeters and constant pressure calorimeters.
- Sat Feb 02, 2019 9:11 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Biological Systems
- Replies: 3
- Views: 393
Re: Biological Systems
Delta H is the change in enthalpy and Delta U is the change in internal energy. Internal energy is the amount of energy a system has. However, we must realize that a system doesn't exist in a vacuum. Rather, there must be some sort of change in volume/pressure because of the presence of a system. If...
- Sat Feb 02, 2019 9:08 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Gibbs
- Replies: 5
- Views: 532
Re: Gibbs
The Gibbs free energy graph shows whether or not a reaction is spontaneous-- whether it is exergonic or endergonic. ... Generally, all reactions want to go to a lower energy state, thus a negative change is favored. Negative ΔG indicates that the reaction is exergonic and spontaneous.
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 11:13 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Heat Capacity
- Replies: 8
- Views: 704
Re: Heat Capacity
Heat capacity is an extensive property. As a reminder, an extensive property of a substance is one where QUANTITY does matter. Specific heat capacity is an intensive property. No matter how much aluminum you have, its ability to absorb heat energy at a particular temperature is the same.
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 11:10 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: reversible/irreversible
- Replies: 8
- Views: 763
Re: reversible/irreversible
In a irreversible reaction, the reactants react to form the products, which cannot revert back into reactants. In reversible reactions, as the reactants react with other reactants to form products, the products are reacting with other products to form reactants
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 11:09 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Heat and Enthalpy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 193
Re: Heat and Enthalpy
Heat and enthalpy are two terms describing the energy flow and properties of a system. Heat is the form of energy transfer from a high temperature to a lower temperature. Enthalpy is the heat transfer at a constant pressure. Enthalpy cannot be measured directly. Rather, the heat added or lost from t...
- Tue Jan 22, 2019 10:12 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Weak vs Strong Acid and Bases
- Replies: 2
- Views: 221
Weak vs Strong Acid and Bases
What is the difference in calculating the pH of weak vs strong acid and bases?
- Tue Jan 22, 2019 10:10 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Protonation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 217
Protonation
What is protonation and what does the percent protonated mean?
- Tue Jan 22, 2019 10:05 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Changes in Pressure, Volume, and Concentration
- Replies: 2
- Views: 245
Changes in Pressure, Volume, and Concentration
What are the rules for Le Chatelier's Principle in response to changes in pressure, volume, and concentration?
- Thu Jan 10, 2019 3:21 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: how to write the formula for K
- Replies: 6
- Views: 401
Re: how to write the formula for K
When it is written as a subscript of P, that indicates the partial pressure of a substance. You will only use this when the molecule is given in a gaseous state which is indicated by (g) as a subscript in a reaction. For example, PCl5(g) <--> PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
- Thu Jan 10, 2019 3:18 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Q and K [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 35
- Views: 2939
Re: Q and K [ENDORSED]
You can calculate Q and K the same way by following the formula [products]/[reactants] . The only difference is that the reaction quotient, Q is for ANY TIME during the reaction while the values for K are always the concentrations at equilibrium.
- Thu Jan 10, 2019 3:09 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Kc and relative energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 171
Re: Kc and relative energy
I don't think we have yet talked about how the equilibrium constant relates to free and relative energy quite yet. So far, we have learned that Kc shows how the reaction is balanced at equilibrium. For example, if Kc is small, then there are more reactants at equilibrium and if Kc is large, then the...
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 9:33 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: VSEPR Notation
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1146
Re: VSEPR Notation
There were a couple problems on Test 3 where you had to use the AXE notation.
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 9:32 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: HW 7th edition 6B.9
- Replies: 3
- Views: 339
Re: HW 7th edition 6B.9
You always use the negative sign in the pH formula, regardless of the outcome.
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 9:25 pm
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: HW 7th edition 6A.17
- Replies: 1
- Views: 180
Re: HW 7th edition 6A.17
They are amphoteric because they can act as both a base and an acid in redox reactions.
- Sat Nov 24, 2018 3:52 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Lone pairs determining shape?
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1608
Lone pairs determining shape?
In the textbook, it says that lone pairs are not included when identifying molecular shapes. However, I thought we learned in class that the number of lone pairs and bonds determine the shape of molecules. Can someone clarify which one is correct?
- Sat Nov 24, 2018 3:47 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bond angles
- Replies: 2
- Views: 250
Re: Bond angles
For trigonal pyramidal geometry the bond angle is slightly less than 109.5 degrees, around 107 degrees. For bent molecular geometry when the electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral the bond angle is around 105 degrees.
- Sat Nov 24, 2018 3:00 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Single, Double, Triple Bond Lengths
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1564
Single, Double, Triple Bond Lengths
What is the order of increasing bond lengths? Do triple bonds have the longest bond length or do single bonds have the longest bond length?
- Fri Nov 16, 2018 6:27 pm
- Forum: Sigma & Pi Bonds
- Topic: Sigma and Pi Bonds affect on structure
- Replies: 4
- Views: 402
Sigma and Pi Bonds affect on structure
Do the number of sigma and pi bonds influence the shape/structure of a molecule? How so?
- Fri Nov 16, 2018 6:24 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Dipole Fluctuality
- Replies: 1
- Views: 212
Dipole Fluctuality
I understand that fluctuating dipoles are caused by fluctuating electron distribution but what exactly does it mean when dipoles fluctuate?
- Fri Nov 16, 2018 6:17 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Expanded Octet
- Replies: 8
- Views: 829
Expanded Octet
What are the expanded octet rules? Which elements can have expanded octets?
- Sun Nov 04, 2018 6:43 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: MIDTERM PRACTICE - Garlic Bread Review Session [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 121
- Views: 16569
Re: MIDTERM PRACTICE - Garlic Bread Review Session [ENDORSED]
Could someone explain 13c to me? -13c is a Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle problem. The equation for this problem is ΔPΔX=>h/4pi. For this equation we need the mass, the velocity(these two values multipled together are ΔP), and we need ultimately to find ΔX. -We are given the mass which is 2.8 gra...
- Sun Nov 04, 2018 2:17 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: MIDTERM PRACTICE - Garlic Bread Review Session [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 121
- Views: 16569
Re: MIDTERM PRACTICE - Garlic Bread Review Session [ENDORSED]
For question 4, the answer is given with only 2 sig figs (the answer is 9.9 mL of 9.9x10^-3 L, even though the question uses 3 sig figs. The question is: What volume of 0.0380 M KMnO4 is needed to prepare 250 mL of 1.50 x 10-3 M KMnO4? (Hint: In these types of problems, the volume containing solute ...
- Sat Nov 03, 2018 3:34 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: 7th Edition 2A.11
- Replies: 1
- Views: 164
7th Edition 2A.11
The question is: Which M^2+ ions (where M is a metal) are predicted to have the following ground-state electron configurations: (a) [Ar]3d^4; (b) [Kr]4d^9; (c) [Kr]4d^5; (d) [Kr]4d^3? I looked in the solutions manual for the answers but I was always one element off. The answers are (a) Co^3+; (b) Fe...
- Sat Nov 03, 2018 3:27 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Bookwork 2B.11 part C
- Replies: 1
- Views: 177
Bookwork 2B.11 part C
The question reads: Draw complete Lewis structure for each of the following compound: (c) glycine, H2C(NH2)COOH, the simplest of the amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. I looked in the solutions manual for the correct structure but I don't understand how they came up with that structure or...
- Sun Oct 28, 2018 4:00 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization energy and electron affinity
- Replies: 1
- Views: 286
Ionization energy and electron affinity
What is the difference between ionization energy and electron affinity and what are their trends?
- Sun Oct 28, 2018 3:48 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Lewis Structure Drawing
- Replies: 6
- Views: 479
Re: Lewis Structure Drawing
I believe that the line is only used to signify shared electrons and the point of writing the dots is to show that they are not bonded to anything. So, I would say follow what Lavelle taught and only use the lines for shared electron bonds.
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 12:33 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Atomic Spectroscopy vs Molecular Spectroscopy
- Replies: 1
- Views: 579
Atomic Spectroscopy vs Molecular Spectroscopy
What is the difference between atomic and molecular spectroscopy?
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 12:28 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Atomic Spectra Post Module #13
- Replies: 1
- Views: 101
Atomic Spectra Post Module #13
Which is the correct answer and why? 13. In the above experiment if only the absorbed wavelengths of light are detected what is the experiment called? What is the spectrum called? A. Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Emission line spectrum B. Atomic emission spectroscopy; Absorption line spectrum C. A...
- Wed Oct 17, 2018 4:39 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Photoelectric Effect Post-Assessment Module #18
- Replies: 2
- Views: 131
Photoelectric Effect Post-Assessment Module #18
Which is the correct answer and can you explain why?
In the photoelectric effect what condition must occur for an electron to be emitted from a metal surface?
A. E (photon) > 0
B. E (photon) < E (remove e-)
C. E (photon) = E (remove e-)
D. E (photon) > E (remove e-)
E. C and D
In the photoelectric effect what condition must occur for an electron to be emitted from a metal surface?
A. E (photon) > 0
B. E (photon) < E (remove e-)
C. E (photon) = E (remove e-)
D. E (photon) > E (remove e-)
E. C and D
- Sun Oct 14, 2018 7:27 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Photoelectric effect
- Replies: 5
- Views: 401
Re: Photoelectric effect
In the photoelectric experiment, an ultraviolet radiation source is shined on a metal and UV light is used over visible light because it has a higher intensity and therefore, more electrons can be emitted.
- Sun Oct 14, 2018 7:15 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: "Wave-like Properties" of Matter
- Replies: 6
- Views: 233
Re: "Wave-like Properties" of Matter
In Dr. Lavelle's lecture, he said that the smallest measurable length that has wavelike properties is 1x10^-18 m.
- Sun Oct 14, 2018 7:02 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Test 2
- Replies: 17
- Views: 1188
Re: Test 2
I'm pretty sure it's just the subjects in Chapter 2. I think if you complete the next five modules you'll be set for the test.
- Sun Oct 07, 2018 6:30 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Quanta & Photons
- Replies: 5
- Views: 376
Quanta & Photons
Can someone explain the key concept of "equations in quantum mechanics have variables that are quantized or discrete". What is the difference between quantized and discrete?
- Sun Oct 07, 2018 6:24 pm
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: Empirical formula set up
- Replies: 9
- Views: 620
Re: Empirical formula set up
It is the easiest way to think about calculating the mass percentage of each element. So usually, when you find the mass composition, it is given in a percentage. You take this percentage out of 100 grams. For example if the mass composition of carbon was 20%, it would be 20 grams.
- Sun Oct 07, 2018 6:21 pm
- Forum: Significant Figures
- Topic: Significant Figures
- Replies: 2
- Views: 214
Re: Significant Figures
Yes, so scientific notation figures are normally written as for example 2.00 x 10^6 implying that there are three significant figures.