CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How do the graphs differ among first, second, and zero order reactions?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What units are used for second order reactions?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is the difference between capital K and lowercase k in the kinetics equations?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Do we have to know how to derive the equations for first order reactions? Or just understand the concept/how to do calculations.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

The unique rate of a reaction is the rate of appearance/disappearance of any of the species in a reaction divided by their stoichiometric coefficient. Coefficients are not taken into account for an average rate.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

If a reactant does not affect the rate of the reaction do you still include it in the rate law equation?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is "n" in the Nernst equation and how do we know what number to use?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How will we know whether to add H+ or OH- to the reaction? Will it say the rxn is done under basic/acidic conditions?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Is there a difference between Galvanic and Voltaic cells?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What sort of conceptual things would we have to know regarding Gibbs Free Energy? Just wondering how we may have to apply it on a test.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Today in class Dr. Lavelle discussed it may be easier to figure out redox rxns by separating the equation. Can someone explain what he meant by this I am still confused?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How do you determine which container has the cathode vs the anode?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

We may have to apply our knowledge of thermodynamic processes to biological examples such as ATP hydrolysis or the breaking down of glucose. Just an idea because Dr. Lavelle covered these examples in class a couple times.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How does Qrev/T relate to the 2nd law of thermodynamics? I'm confused about the relationship.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is an isochoric/isometric system and is there a difference between the two?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is the difference between the capital W and lowercase w on the equation sheet?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

In question 9 where did the solution manual get the 0.38 J/C.g for the heat capacity of copper?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I agree that you can assume that q=0 because if no heat is added/removed from the system then delta U is equal to work.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Container a has the least because it contains monatomic atoms and container c has the most entropy because it contains diatomic molecules that are active. Entropy is essentially the disorder of the system so if you consider all 3 containers, container a will has the least disorder because it only ha...

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Which delta S equations do we have to know for the midterm that are not on the equation sheet?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Is there a constant to covert work from atm.L to J?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Is a neutralization reaction always exothermic?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is the difference between an extensive and intensive property?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Which bond enthalpies do we have to memorize?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Liquids are not included in the reaction quotient nor the equilibrium k value/expression. If the reaction contains only gases, you will find Q in terms of the partial pressures of the gases.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

You can ignore x in the ice table when the K value is less than 10^-3 because it the percent ionization will be less than 5%.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

According to Le Chatelier's Principle, when the reaction undergoes a disturbance that does not involve a change in temperature, the reaction will adjust to minimize the effect of this disturbance. The reaction will move to favor the side with fewer moles of reactant/product. In this case, the moles ...

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Up to what topic/section in the outlines will the test 1 cover next week?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Cations are always going to act as acids, but as far as strength, you have to memorize the strong acids: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HBr, HI, HClO4, HClO3 . If you know the strong acids, the others are weak acids.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

When a reaction involves the breaking of a diatomic molecule X2, this requires energy to become 2X, so the reaction is endothermic because it takes in heat to break apart.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Just like Fiona said, K for gases and aqueous solutions are calculated the same way, just different units are used. Molarity for concentration, and generally bar for partial pressure.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Since the reactants are a solid and liquid the K value will just be the concentrations of the products multiplied together. You do not include pure solids or liquids are in the equilibrium expression because their concentrations stay constant throughout the reaction. The density of a pure liquid or ...

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Pure solids or liquids are excluded from the equilibrium expression because their concentrations stay the same during the reaction. The density of a pure liquid or solid is the same, regardless of how much pure liquid or solid is present.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Is the equilibrium constant K the ratio of the initial or equilibrium concentrations of the products and reactants?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What are specific characteristics of polyprotic acids and bases? Are there any common examples that we should be familiar with?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How do you calculate the pH of an NaOH solution when given the molarity of the NaOH?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

what is the difference between amphoteric and amphiprotic?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is the difference between Lewis and Bronsted acids and bases?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Do all atoms located in period 3 or below have expanded octets?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How do you know the order of decreasing bond lengths for CO, CO2, and CO3 2-?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is the difference between polarizability and polarizing power?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How do you find the formal charge of C2O4 2- from focus 2 problem 1 in the 7th edition?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Can someone explain the difference between sigma and pi bonds and how they relate to resonance?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Only lone pairs around the central atom affect the shape of the molecule because they repel the electrons from the other atoms.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What are coordination numbers and an example of when we would need to know them?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

For problem 2E.11 part d in the 7th Edition textbook, why is Xenon double bonded with each oxygen instead of single bonded?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What exactly is a dipole induced-dipole and how do they happen?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

The greater the electronegativity difference, the greater the ionic character.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Why can some atoms have more than an octet for their Lewis structure? I know it has something to do with the period they are in but I am still confused about it.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

Why do double and triple bonds have more energy and are shorter than single bonds?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

You can just write [Ar] that is acceptable notation for an ion like that.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I don't really understand what it means when an ionic bond has covalent character and vice versa?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I think it will always be spin up. When writing the electron configurations we always go through and do the spin up electrons first and fill in the spin down electrons after all the spin up are full.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

You only will know the atomic radius if it is experimentally determined. For the purposes in our class, we only have to know the general trend.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

How do trends in the periodic table affect electron configurations? Is there a relationship between the two concepts?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I don't understand what the Shrodinger Equation is actually calculating. Will we have to use it on the upcoming test?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I know s-orbitals are the only ones without a nodal plane so the electron density is symmetric but I don't really understand the significance of this or what it really means when applying this information?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I'm confused about the 4th quantum number and the significance of it? What does it mean for an electron to be spin up or spin down? How do you figure out if an atom is +1/2 or -1/2?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I think for this type of example, since the value is so small you just don't consider the object to have wave-like properties. Dr. Lavelle mentioned in class that it would be pretty clear if something had wave-like properties because the value would be like 3.46 x 10^-10 for example.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

So when the wavelength increases, the frequency decreases so the slope is flatter. When the wavelength decreases, the frequency increases so the slope is steeper. So in this example, when the frequency decreases, the slope becomes flatter and the extent of change is lesser.

Miriam Sheetz 2B

I'm kind of confused about the explanation of electrons moving from one energy state to another. If free electrons has higher energy than atom bound electron, then where does the energy that was lost go?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

In class, some of the examples asked if the calculated wavelengths could be detected in a lab experiment but what value can actually be classified as a measurable wavelength to have wave properties?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference? Are there any examples for either?

Miriam Sheetz 2B

For V=E/h, why do we use the a positive delta E value even though it is actually negative?

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