CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

intermediates never are included in the rate law. however, catalysts are always included when present.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I am confused about when to use q=n(deltaH) vs q=mc(deltaT). I am doing problem 4C.11 in the 7th edition textbook and it asks how much heat is needed to convert 80 g ice at 0 degrees C into liquid water at 20 degrees C, and I don't understand why q=n(deltaH) is used for the ice calculation and why q...

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Will the rate law equations (the integrated rate laws)/half-life equations be given on the equation sheet? I don't remember ever seeing them on there before.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

That would be first order I believe because a second order reaction would have one of the values (A or B) squared. How many reactants there are doesn't determine the order of the reaction but instead to determine the order of the reaction you have to compare how affecting the concentration of the re...

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

it basically just means that there are two reactants as in A+B yields C or 2A yields B

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I handwrite everything because I find it hard to remember stuff that I type down and its a lot easier for me to organize my thoughts on paper than it is on a google doc or something like that

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Does a negative deltaG mean that the entropy is always lower? Just wondering because the textbook says that a solid has a lower G value than a liquid or gas.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

In problem 6M 1 (7th edition) the problem states the standard Cu(s)|Cu2+(aq) cell and another half cell containing unknown metal "M" forms the cell M(s)|M+(aq)||Cu2+(aq)|Cu(s) and the Ecell value is -0.689. I really do not understand this problem because looking at the answer/the fact that...

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

So I know when you add inert electrodes to the cell diagram but what exactly is their purpose?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I follow the acronym OIL RIG which means oxidation is the loss (of electrons), reduction is the gain (of electrons). So whichever molecule/atom in the reaction is losing electrons (becoming more positive) is being oxidized and whichever molecule/atom is gaining electrons (becoming more negative) is ...

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

They are related by the equation G=-n*F*(Ecell) in which G is Gibbs Free energy, n is number of mols, F is Faraday's constant, and E is cell potential.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

The salt bridge allows ions to flow so that the electrical circuit is completed but it's a salt so the cell reaction isn't affected.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

my ta said today that they should be graded by friday of week 7

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

g knot is the g value under standard conditions

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I know that there can either be work done on the system or work done by the system but I can't remember which one is positive and which one is negative when being calculated?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

When there is a constant pressure you multiply 5/2 by R and when there is constant volume you multiply 3/2 by R. Not sure why though I just know you do.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

In the textbook it states that K does not change due to the fact that it is a characteristic of the reaction and says that instead Q is changing, which makes complete sense and that's how I thought it was. However, it also states that K changes depending on the temperature (ex: increasing temp in ex...

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

What does isothermal expansion exactly mean? And just wanting to make sure I'm correct but for isothermal expansion the equation S=nRln(v1/v2) is used, right?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

The pressure under standard conditions is always 1 atm. Unless it is stated that the system is not under STP, then you can assume its 1 atm.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

On the website you can see what sections in the textbook each section covers under the "Learning Outcomes" section!

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

For the homework question 5J.5 (7th edition), part E asks "if there is a change in overall pressure, what is the change in equilibria?" for the reaction Cl2 (g) ⇄ 2Cl (g). The answer book says that reactants are favored but why is that?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I believe it's because changing the pressure can possible change the reaction rate.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Because calculating those units requires you to look at the path that was taken to get to that state; not just the final state of the system.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

No they are not interchangeable. The pOH is the -log(concentration) and pKb is the -log of Kb which is equal to [products]/[reactants].

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

How do you figure out how many sig figs you are supposed to have in your final answer if being asked to calculate pH?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

How small does the Kb/Ka value have to be in order to assume the value of X and not have to use the quadratic formula?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

What do Kc, Kw, and pKw stand for exactly?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

The equation is not at equilibrium unless Q=K.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

If Lavelle or your TA ever goes over it, then it's probably important but I wouldn't worry about it if they don't mention it at all.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

If you refer to a system "shifting" it is implying that it is no longer at equilibrium.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Yes I believe you just have to know those specific atoms are amphoteric compounds.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I would go with chloro because that is how Lavelle taught it.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Lone pairs will make the atom with the lone pairs more negative than those that don't so there will be a dipole moment. Looking at VSEPR formula you can see how many lone pairs there are for example in a AX3E2 model there are 2 lone pairs. Looking at Lewis structures, you can determine the polarity ...

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

There are as many bond angles are there are bonds between S, O, and Cl. Drawing a lewis diagram will help visualize it and help you count. Then depending on the shape of the molecule you can determine the actual bond angle degree.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Why are sigma bonds hybridized while pi bonds are unhybridized?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

because if a pi bond rotates then the bond immediately breaks

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

The position of the lone pairs are typically on top of the atom with the lone pairs and they push the other atoms bonded to it down/as far away from the lone pairs as possible.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

How can we tell between a group of molecules which ones have longer/shorter bond lengths?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

What exactly is polarizability?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I'm still a little unclear about what exactly dipole moments are could someone explain it to me?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Because that is the furthest the molecules can get from each other.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Hydrogen bonding is used when hydrogen is bonded to an H,N,O, or F atom and it's a dipole-dipole attraction

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Will we be given values of electronegativities when asked, for example, to say which compound would have bonds that are primarily ionic?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Does anyone know if we need to know about radicals for the midterm?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Question 2A.1 in the 7th edition textbook says that Sb has 5 valence electrons when including the d-block but shouldn't it be 15? Why is it 5 e-?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

It is the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the middle

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Athena L 1B wrote:What does the p actually refer to?

The p refers the the p orbital

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

If you are asked to find the empirical formula of a compound and you are given the mass of the compound and the masses of its products how would you go about solving the problem?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

What does the Bohr frequency condition have to do with explaining the lines in the spectrum of an element?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

How do you know when to use 3x, y, or z in reference to quantum numbers? Dr. Lavelle said that the state for the quantum numbers (3,1,0) was 3py but I don't understand why it is y.

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

d-block always comes before s-block when the electron configuration is written because it has a lower energy level than the s-block

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

You always put the d-block before the s-block there are no exceptions (at least from what I learned/got out of what was said in lecture)

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

The 2s orbital has no nodes because it is just a sphere. The p orbital is symmetric but also has nodes in the center of the two nodes. So only the 2s orbital is symmetric and has no nodes

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Silver's electron configuration is like that because in some transition metals the electron from the s orbital transfers to complete the d orbital

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I believe we just need to know that it shows the probability of finding an electron at a certain position and that it relates to wavefunctions

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

You should at least have a good idea of what the ranges are for each spectrum (visible light, uv, ir)

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Do the extra homework problems that are listed on the syllabus and watch bozeman youtube videos and take notes theyre super helpful

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

I am confused about what exactly the work function is. Can someone explain to me the basics of it?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

How would you find the mass of a compound that is needed to get a certain molarity (when given the molarity and volume)?

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Bozeman AP chem videos are very helpful!

Sophia_Kiessling_2L

Personally I think the easiest way to balance chemical equations is to start with the atoms that occur the least in the reaction and continue to progress from there.

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