Search found 52 matches
- Sun Mar 10, 2019 10:01 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing Redox
- Replies: 4
- Views: 480
Re: Balancing Redox
Electrons are an intensive property and therefore do not become affected by the other changing concentrations in the redox reaction.
- Sun Feb 24, 2019 3:59 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: TEST
- Replies: 7
- Views: 870
Re: TEST
The test includes everything we've learned up until Friday's (2/22) lecture, which does include Gibb's Free Energy.
- Sun Feb 24, 2019 3:31 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing Redox
- Replies: 4
- Views: 480
Re: Balancing Redox
The E value given is dependent on the reaction itself. Therefore, the concentration of the compounds involved in the reaction does not affect this value.
- Sun Feb 24, 2019 3:30 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Oxidation and Reduction
- Replies: 3
- Views: 337
Re: Oxidation and Reduction
Yes it will always be like that because when something is reduced, it gains electrons and when it is oxidized, it gains electrons.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 12:04 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Adding reaction entropies
- Replies: 8
- Views: 895
Re: Adding reaction entropies
Since entropy is a state function and is dependent on other situations occurring in the reaction, we have to calculate each change in entropy separately and then add all of them together to find total entropy.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 12:03 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: 3 Step Entropy Change Calculations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 318
Re: 3 Step Entropy Change Calculations
The middle step accounts for the change in volume while the other steps only account for change in temperature which is why you have to add all the changes in entropy together in order to find the total deltaS.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 12:02 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Monatomic VS Diatomic Gases and their C
- Replies: 3
- Views: 631
Re: Monatomic VS Diatomic Gases and their C
When calculating C, you have to use different R values, depending on whether the gas is monatomic or diatomic. The R value you should use is given on the equations sheet.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 12:01 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: gibbs free energy
- Replies: 10
- Views: 900
Re: gibbs free energy
When delta G is negative, the system(reaction) is spontaneous.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 11:59 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: When does delta U equal zero?
- Replies: 17
- Views: 8321
Re: When does delta U equal zero?
When a reaction is isothermal, delta U (internal energy) equals zero.
- Sat Feb 16, 2019 11:58 am
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Reversible Expansion
- Replies: 2
- Views: 332
Re: Reversible Expansion
Reversible expansion does the most amount of work because the gas is pushing against the maximum possible external pressure and less of the energy is lost to heat.
- Sun Feb 03, 2019 9:11 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: PV=nRT
- Replies: 5
- Views: 532
Re: PV=nRT
This equation is given for the ideal gas law so you'd only us it when you have a problem where the volume and moles of a gas are changing.
- Sun Feb 03, 2019 8:50 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Enthalpy of Formation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 353
Re: Enthalpy of Formation
Yes, bond enthalpy can be either positive or negative since the value is based on whether the formation of the bond requires or produces heat.
- Sun Feb 03, 2019 8:47 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Isolated System
- Replies: 5
- Views: 2885
Re: Isolated System
In an isolated system, you assume that there are no interactions with the outside. Therefore, the heat in the system should not be considered.
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 4:17 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Approximations for ICE
- Replies: 20
- Views: 1644
Re: Approximations for ICE
If the value of K is less than 10^-3, then we can assume that the value is too small to have any impact and therefore we can assume that X minus any number becomes just x.
- Sun Jan 27, 2019 4:15 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Why are phase changes endothermic?
- Replies: 11
- Views: 1024
Re: Why are phase changes endothermic?
Phase changes are endothermic because, in order to go from one state of matter to another, the bonds have to be broken, which requires heat.
- Wed Jan 23, 2019 11:50 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Strong Acids and Bases
- Replies: 5
- Views: 516
Re: Strong Acids and Bases
A good way to memorize strong acids and bases is understanding the relationships between the two elements in terms of electronegativity. Usually, when they have very opposite electronegativities, the two elements form a strong acid/base.
- Wed Jan 23, 2019 11:42 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Rounding concentration
- Replies: 2
- Views: 324
Re: Rounding concentration
To be safe, it would be best to do all the calculations without rounding first, and then rounding to the correct number of significant figures once you have the final answer.
- Wed Jan 23, 2019 11:41 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: K for gaseous equations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 291
Re: K for gaseous equations
Usually for equilibrium reactions that involve only gases, we use Kp to determine partial pressures.
- Sun Jan 20, 2019 10:39 am
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Equilibrium Conditions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 361
Re: Equilibrium Conditions
For the equilibrium constant K, it is not affected by any changes in pressure, temperature, or concentration.
- Sun Jan 20, 2019 10:39 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium Constant
- Replies: 2
- Views: 3031
Re: Equilibrium Constant
If the equilibrium constant K is larger than 10^3, then the equilibrium favors the product. And, if the equilibrium constant K is smaller than 10^-3, then the equilibrium favors the reactants.
- Sun Jan 13, 2019 1:03 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium Constant Eq.
- Replies: 4
- Views: 386
Equilibrium Constant Eq.
Are solids and liquids included in the equilibrium constant equation?
- Sun Jan 13, 2019 12:57 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: (aq) in calculating K
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1355
Re: (aq) in calculating K
Aqueous and gaseous products and reactants are included in the equilibrium constant but solids and liquids are excluded.
- Sun Jan 13, 2019 12:56 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Heterogeneous and homogeneous equilibria [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 8
- Views: 768
Re: Heterogeneous and homogeneous equilibria [ENDORSED]
Heterogeneous equilibrium is when there are different states of matter present in the reaction and homogeneous equilibrium is when all the states are the same.
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 10:12 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Lewis vs Bronsted
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1584
Lewis vs Bronsted
What is the difference between Bronsted acids and bases and Lewis acids and bases?
- Sat Dec 08, 2018 10:09 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Lewis Acid
- Replies: 6
- Views: 648
Re: Lewis Acid
HF has a stronger bond due to the higher difference in electronegativity therefore the bond is harder to break, meaning the proton is harder to donate. Therefore, HBr is a stronger acid since it has a weaker bond and can more easily donate a proton.
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 7:53 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bond Angles
- Replies: 12
- Views: 1191
Re: Bond Angles
Determine the VSEPR model for each individual atom and then determine what the bond angle would be based off of the model.
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 7:23 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: pi vs sigma
- Replies: 12
- Views: 1226
Re: pi vs sigma
Pi bonds are side side while sigma bonds are end to end. Therefore sigma bonds are inherently stronger. Also, when pi bonds rotate, they break, so they are weak.
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 7:21 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: hybridization
- Replies: 13
- Views: 1813
Re: hybridization
Count the number of electron densities that are surrounding the central atom. For example, if there are 4, then the hybridization is sp3. If there are 5, then it is sp3d, since the p orbital can only contain three, and s can only have one, the 5th electron goes to the d orbital.
- Sun Nov 25, 2018 10:55 am
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Carbon rotation in C2H4
- Replies: 2
- Views: 321
Re: Carbon rotation in C2H4
The rotation does not affect the strength of the pi bond. The pi bond simply is not capable of rotating, since it is a side-by-side bond, unlike sigma bonds, which are capable of rotating, since they are end-to-end bonds. Therefore, if the two carbon atoms in the compound were to rotate, this would ...
- Sun Nov 25, 2018 10:02 am
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Single, Double, Triple Bond Lengths
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1618
Re: Single, Double, Triple Bond Lengths
Triple bonds are the shortest and single bonds are the longest because as more bonds between atoms occur, it brings the two atoms closer together.
- Sun Nov 25, 2018 9:30 am
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Figuring out the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule
- Replies: 2
- Views: 423
Re: Figuring out the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule
First, you should draw the lewis structures for both molecules. Then, you can see the types of bonds between each atom. Single bonds have one sigma bond, double bonds have one sigma bond and one pi bond, and triple bonds have one sigma bond and two pi bonds.
- Sun Nov 18, 2018 8:49 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Sigma/Pi bonds
- Replies: 7
- Views: 777
Sigma/Pi bonds
How do you determine the difference between sigma and pi bonds?
- Sun Nov 18, 2018 8:45 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Question 6.5 (Sixth Edition)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 518
Re: Question 6.5 (Sixth Edition)
In order to compare melting points, you have to look at the different intermolecular forces that are found within each compound. For example, hydrogen bonds are much higher to break (melt) than dipole-dipole bonds. Therefore, if one compound has a hydrogen bond and another does not, the compound wit...
- Sun Nov 18, 2018 8:42 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Hybridization
- Replies: 2
- Views: 265
Re: Hybridization
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid ones.
- Sat Nov 10, 2018 9:31 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Melting points
- Replies: 5
- Views: 684
Re: Melting points
Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen and elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine. Hydrogen bonds require a lot more energy to break apart. Since H2S does not have any hydrogen bonds, and H2O does, the melting point of H2O is much higher since it requires more heat to break the bonds apart.
- Sat Nov 10, 2018 9:29 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Hydrogen Bonds
- Replies: 20
- Views: 1558
Re: Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds are the strongest among the intra molecular bonds but are weaker than the intermolecular bonds (covalent and ionic)
- Sat Nov 10, 2018 9:27 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: how to know which shape it is
- Replies: 6
- Views: 695
Re: how to know which shape it is
The VSEPR model for Lewis structures is based on electron pairs so you have to count them to determine which one they correspond to.
- Sun Nov 04, 2018 3:56 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: intensity
- Replies: 4
- Views: 373
Re: intensity
Intensity does not affect the energy of the ejected electron. The intensity will only affect the amount of electrons ejected
- Sun Nov 04, 2018 3:50 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: degeneracy in quantum numbers
- Replies: 3
- Views: 349
Re: degeneracy in quantum numbers
Degenerate orbitals mean that the electrons within the orbital contain the same energy level.
- Sun Nov 04, 2018 3:47 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Radicals
- Replies: 3
- Views: 383
Re: Radicals
To be safe, you should know what they are. Radicals occur when there is a single unpaired electron, making it highly reactive.
- Sat Oct 27, 2018 1:17 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Nodal Planes
- Replies: 4
- Views: 534
Re: Nodal Planes
There are no electrons in nodal planes because they are theoretical areas in between the lobes of orbitals that have zero probability of having electron density.
- Sat Oct 27, 2018 1:14 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: D-block Question
- Replies: 2
- Views: 235
Re: D-block Question
For multielectron atoms after the atomic number 20, the 4s state is higher energy than the 3d state, which is why it is written first in electron configurations. Also, the first electron to be removed is the lower energy levels so, 4s.
- Sat Oct 27, 2018 1:09 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Atomic Radius
- Replies: 7
- Views: 711
Re: Atomic Radius
Since one electron has already been removed, the remaining electrons are now experiencing a greater attraction to the nucleus. The subsequent electrons being removed will have a higher ionization energy since they are less easy to remove.
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 11:15 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Difference between ground and excited state of electrons
- Replies: 4
- Views: 357
Re: Difference between ground and excited state of electrons
Excited states of electrons have higher energy levels and the higher level energy electrons naturally want to move to the ground level of electrons.
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 11:01 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Exam 2
- Replies: 4
- Views: 404
Re: Exam 2
The equation sheet has all the equations that we need but they aren't labeled so you need to be able to know which equation is which and when to use each one.
- Sun Oct 21, 2018 10:53 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Test 2 Equations
- Replies: 14
- Views: 1088
Re: Test 2 Equations
Most of the equations that we need to know for Test 2 are on the equations sheet in the front page of the test. But you should probably know what they are used for, what the variables represent, and how to manipulate them.
- Sun Oct 14, 2018 11:09 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: G and H orbitals
- Replies: 1
- Views: 293
Re: G and H orbitals
There are some elements that have g and h orbitals, but only in their respective excited states. There are no discovered ground elements with g or h orbitals... and I don't think we'll need those concepts for this class.
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 5:46 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Energy of a Photon
- Replies: 2
- Views: 249
Re: Energy of a Photon
The energy "E" from the equation is the initial energy of the photon that is responsible for removing the electron. The energy "released by the photon" is most likely referring to the small amount of energy that the electron emits when it is removed and moves with some velocity.
- Sat Oct 13, 2018 5:38 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: DeBroglie Equation
- Replies: 5
- Views: 527
Re: DeBroglie Equation
The DeBroglie equation is used in determining if the object being observed is showing wave-like properties. If the wavelength of the observed object is higher than a certain threshold, then the object is showing wavelike properties. So, you would use this equation when finding the wavelength of a mo...
- Thu Oct 04, 2018 6:47 pm
- Forum: Significant Figures
- Topic: M11 Sig Figs
- Replies: 4
- Views: 415
Re: M11 Sig Figs
You should answer each part with the amount of sig figs that correspond to that part. For example, if in Part A, the problem gives values with 2 sig figs, then answer Part A in 2 sig figs.
- Thu Oct 04, 2018 6:31 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Actual yield [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 4
- Views: 406
Re: Actual yield [ENDORSED]
The actual yield refers to the amount of product that is produced from a chemical reaction after taking the limiting reactant in an equation into account. This differs from the theoretical yield, which would be the amount of product produced assuming no limitations.
- Thu Oct 04, 2018 2:02 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Significant figures in textbook 7th edition [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 5
- Views: 359
Re: Significant figures in textbook 7th edition [ENDORSED]
For the final answer, you should use the same amount of significant figures that are given in the problem. Also, make sure not to use significant figures while showing your work; you should only round to significant figures when you are producing your final answer.