CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Bruce Chen 2H

Because there are more cations, the electrons will tend towards that side.

Bruce Chen 2H

it is a common misconception that they are. However, the stoichiometric coefficients are not used in the rate law. It should always be given or we will have experiments to use them.

Bruce Chen 2H

When we are calculating the units for zero order reaction, the only thing that we need is the units of the rate, which is mol/L*s

Bruce Chen 2H

They work reversibly because the reactions are spontaneous. Being reversible allows the cell to produce energy for work.

Bruce Chen 2H

E^o is the standard reduction potential, which is essentially the cell potential at STP under ideal conditions.

E is the cell potential that changes based on the "nonstandard" conditions.

Bruce Chen 2H

We are able to determine n in this equation through the number of electrons that are transferred. This is seen through the half reactions that we do.

Bruce Chen 2H

We use the minimum number of sig figs that are given at the beginning of the problem. This is the number that we should be using.

Bruce Chen 2H

We do this by doing the half reactions and then balancing the equations. Whatever the number of electrons added is the n of our equation.

Bruce Chen 2H

In order to do this, you must conceptualize it and try to gauge an idea of how H, T, and S interact by using the formula loosely.

Bruce Chen 2H

Gibbs free energy is the free energy in a system. When it is 0, there can be no gain or loss of energy.

Bruce Chen 2H

When delta G is negative, it is spontaneous. When it is positive, it is not.

Bruce Chen 2H

We want to balance the number of electrons on both sides. In order to do this, we must add electrons in the half reactions. They should cancel out when added.

Bruce Chen 2H

We do not calculate ICE tables with liquids and solids as they have no effect on the molar concentrations in those calculations. So H20 would not be counted if it is a liquid.

Bruce Chen 2H

I believe when doing these types of problems, the situations will be described and we can do it from there.

Bruce Chen 2H

You use 3/2R for when volume is constant and then 5/2R and 3R depending on the type or molecule. You use 5/2R when pressure is constant and then 7/2R and 4R for each subsequent shape.

Bruce Chen 2H

All constants that we need to know will be listed on the sheet that we are given on test day.

Bruce Chen 2H

Closed systems can have either constant pressure and constant volume. There may also be times where both are constant.

Bruce Chen 2H

A bomb calorimeter is closed system

Bruce Chen 2H

Endothermic is using heat, so delta H would be positive, whereas exothermic reactions lose heat so it'll be a negative delta H.

Bruce Chen 2H

Why is heat capacity referred to as an extensive property?

Bruce Chen 2H

Enthalpy is essentially the change in the internal heat of the system.

Bruce Chen 2H

The standard way when using an ICE calculation, is to believe that if K is less than something x10^-3, we can assume it is 0 as it will have little to no effect on the calculation.

Bruce Chen 2H

It may seem confusing, but the standard unit is kJ/mol and not kJ.

Bruce Chen 2H

I believe that in the calculations that we are doing, we should use the unit that they give us... otherwise, I think they are interchangeable.

Bruce Chen 2H

Arrhenius acids form H+ in water bases form OH
Lewis Definition regards electrons and if they accept them its an acid, if they donate electrons its a base
Bronsted definition regards donating protons are acids and those that accept protons are bases

Bruce Chen 2H

you only include gases and aqueous solutions to calculate the pressure

Bruce Chen 2H

inert gases essentially have no effect on the reaction because it does not affect the concentrations of these gases.

Bruce Chen 2H

By looking at the reactants and products and seeing what you have is the first step in solving the problem. The question will usually say what to use to calculate the K value.

Bruce Chen 2H

An ideal gas is a theoretical idea that the gas is in a simple form so that it allows for easier calculation. I think most problems that we are given will only consist of ideal gases.

Bruce Chen 2H

I believe professor Lavelle stated that in class they can be used interchangeably and that they are so close in value,

Bruce Chen 2H

Are there any ligand structures that we need to memorize where the elements are not easily distinguishable?

Bruce Chen 2H

I also believe they are the same, but cyano seems to be what professor Lavelle is using so I'd use that.

Bruce Chen 2H

How do we determine the charge of each ligand?

Bruce Chen 2H

Amines are some of the most basic molecules out there as they aren't entirely ionized when placed in water.

Bruce Chen 2H

Polar molecules will have a net dipole moment as there is asymmetrical. Nonpolar molecules are mostly symmetrical and have no dipole moment at all as they cancel out.

Bruce Chen 2H

In short, an induced dipole is when a nonpolar molecule binds with a polar molecule as the dipoles attract it.

Bruce Chen 2H

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj72Nn-5d_eAhUTMH0KHb9fCdoQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbutane.chem.uiuc.edu%2Fpshapley%2FGenChem2%2FA6%2F3.html&psig=AOvVaw1cnoYzlm40gW7Gyj3Nwitj&ust=15426942094556...

Bruce Chen 2H

A square planar shape is essentially an octahedral, but 2 of the 6 surrounding atoms replaced by two lone pairs and create this new shape.

Bruce Chen 2H

We can easily measure the qualitative properties of a structure as the shape or polarity. However, exact bond angles can't be measured directly, which is what I think he means by we can't measure it quantitatively.

Bruce Chen 2H

Unfortunately, there doesn't seem to be a pattern. I think we just have to memorize it at this point.

Bruce Chen 2H

Lone pairs are able to change the bond angle and shape as they push the other bonds around.

Bruce Chen 2H

Bond Angles are always the same when the shapes are identical in structure.

Bruce Chen 2H

To be honest, I just took the averages of the two lengths as the structures need to be balanced, so it was 130.

Bruce Chen 2H

Is there a formula to calculate the bond lengths, or will we have to memorize each one?

Bruce Chen 2H

I'm pretty confused as to what an induced dipole is, would anyone care to explain?

Bruce Chen 2H

Which period trend dictates the levels of ionization energy so we can draw the lewis structure?

Bruce Chen 2H

Does anyone know an easy way to tell the difference between the bonds because they are very confusing into what they are?

Bruce Chen 2H

If asked to draw the most stable configuration for a resonance structure, how do we know which configuration is the most stable?

Bruce Chen 2H

Is there a formula we can use to calculate the number of nodal/radial planes?

Bruce Chen 2H

Units 100% should be memorized. It makes solving the problems much quicker and will allow you to finish earlier without having to think about it. We will not be given these on the tests

Bruce Chen 2H

Momentum is often referred to as the mass times acceleration of a function. However, even though photons are massless, light has wavelength properties that we can measure momentum from as there are properties that we can measure/ will be given.

Bruce Chen 2H

I'm pretty sure as long as we convert to the significant figures and convert at the end, it should all be fine.

Bruce Chen 2H

f-orbitals are some of the most complex graphs and we don't need to how to graph them as of now.

Bruce Chen 2H

A nodal plane is the space/area around the nucleus that splits up the lobes and contains no electrons.

Bruce Chen 2H

What exactly does the symbol φ stand for? How would you measure this?

Bruce Chen 2H

I believe the answer is C as the frequency decreases, so does the slope of the wave.

Bruce Chen 2H

How do we know when a photon has enough energy to eject an electron?

Bruce Chen 2H

I would suggest using the parenthesis in your calculator to surround the fraction so the number is always exact and never rounded.

Bruce Chen 2H

Why do we have to calculate the net number of moles produced in a balanced chemical reaction?

Bruce Chen 2H

These both have the same amount of significant figures. During one of the lectures, Dr. Lavelle had stated that significant figures are easily understandable when you put them into scientific notation. For example, these two numbers(125 and 125.) are both 1.25 * 10^2 and have 3 significant figures.

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