CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Joaquin Andrade

Divide Kw by the concentration of OH- to find the concentration of H3O+.

Joaquin Andrade

Polarizing power corresponds to cations, the most polarizing power being found in the smallest cations with he greatest positive charge. On the other hand, polarizability corresponds to anions. The anions with the greater polarizability are the biggest.

Joaquin Andrade

If a ligand can bond to the central metal atom with two atoms, it is bidentate. For three atoms, it is tridentate. For any more, the term polydentate is typically used.

Joaquin Andrade

Oxygen is actually more electronegative since Cl is a period down and thus is affected by shielding. This can be verified in the actual electronegativity values for O and Cl.

Joaquin Andrade

It's shape only for the singly-bonded oxygen atoms to bond to a central atom or ion.

Joaquin Andrade

Polydentate ligands have more than one atom which is able to form a bond to a central atom. For instance, EDTA is a polydentate ligand which has six atoms with electron pairs that can be used to bond to a central metal atom.

Joaquin Andrade

Both species have 2 hydrogens, so we want to focus on the S and Se. Se will have higher polarizability because it is the bigger atom. Thus the instantaneous dipoles (London Dispersion Forces) formed between several H2Se molecules will be greater in strength than in H2S. We can conclude that H2Se has...

Joaquin Andrade

Note also that difference in electronegativity could make an entire molecule polar. For instance, NH3 (Ammonia) is polar while CH4 is not due to the contrast in electronegativity differences in the respective molecules.

Joaquin Andrade

Acetat (CH3COOH) is a weak acid and thus will give off the H+ proton to NH3, thereby the products are NH4+ (ammonium) and CH3COO-.

Joaquin Andrade

Since HCL is a strong acid, it will stay dissociated in water. This is also true for HBr and HI.

Joaquin Andrade

We should know the hybridization, in terms of how sp3 corresponds to four regions of electron density.

Joaquin Andrade

There is no net dipole moment, as CH bonds are considered non polar because of the low electronegative difference.

Joaquin Andrade

A general rule of thumb to remember is that the more lone pairs there are, the smaller the bond angle.

Joaquin Andrade

Sigma bonds bond end to end, allowing for more rotation (you can try this with your fingers). On the other hand, pi bonds bond side to side, allowing no rotation to occur between molecules, and thus fixing them in place.

Joaquin Andrade

A neutral coordination does not contribute to the charge of a coordination compound. Examples include: NH3 (ammine), H2O (aqua), NO (nitrosyl), CO (carbonyl),ethylenediamine, and and diethylenetriamine.

Joaquin Andrade

Since the oxidation number of Zn is +1, the formula is Zn(NO2)

Joaquin Andrade

Because of the shielding effect - since P is a period down from N it has more electrons and thus the pull of the nucleus is weaker, thereby increasing the covalent radius and thus the bond length.

Joaquin Andrade

A single bond to an oxygen will result in a formal charge of 1- for the oxygen. From the fact the molecule has a charge, we can conclude that one of the Cl bonds to oxygen will be a single bond. The other must be a double bond.

Joaquin Andrade

Rod shaped molecules have a higher surface area.Because there is higher surface area, there is a higher incidence of instantaneous dipoles, which occur randomly but more frequently in this case.

Joaquin Andrade

Hydrogen bonds are found in molecules which are polar, and must include F, O, or N bonded to a H. Note that Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces, so the entire molecule is considered polar.

Joaquin Andrade

The bigger atom will be more polarizable, so going a group, the polarizability of atoms will increase. This includes group 17, in which case I- would have higher polarizability.

Joaquin Andrade

Acid rain often forms from the reaction between CO2 and H2O. The resulting product is H2CO3, which is carbonic acid.

Joaquin Andrade

Because Cl is a period beneath O, it is affected by shielding, which reduces the pull of the nucleus on valence electrons. Thus, O will be more electronegative even though Cl is a group to the right.

Joaquin Andrade

When drawing the bonds, make sure to emphasize the overlap between the orbitals. The pi bond will be side to side, which is why these bonds lock two molecules into place as opposed to sigma bonds which are side to side and allow molecules to rotate.

Joaquin Andrade

Dipole moments can also be found in polar molecules, depending on the electronegativity difference and the shape of the molecule. For instance, a tetrahedral allows for a dipole moment to occur whereas in an octahedral the non-central atoms pull away from each and cancel each other out.

Joaquin Andrade

We are instructed to write the reaction, so first we write the reactants, which in this case include the acidic oxide and water. For CO2 and H2O, the resulting acid will be H2CO3. The coefficients will all be 1. For SO3, the resulting acid will be H2SO4. In this case the coefficients will also all b...

Joaquin Andrade

Only the lone pairs around the central atom will matter. While a linear molecule may have lone pairs, not all molecules with 2 bonding pairs and a certain number lone pairs will be linear. For instance, in H2O the central atom oxygen will have 2 lone pairs and thus the molecular geometry will be ben...

Joaquin Andrade

To draw the lewis structure, we first add up the total valence electrons. Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons, and there are 7 for each fluoride, so the total is 33. However, there is a negative 1 charge so we add one more for a total of 34. Phosphorus has the lower ionization energy so it is the cen...

Joaquin Andrade

The difference is in the number of valence electron lone pairs. Trigonal planar has zero lone pairs, trigonal pyramidal has one lone pair, and t-shaped has two lone pairs.

Joaquin Andrade

This potential energy equation applies to London dispersion force interactions, in which the alpha values denote the polarizability of the respective molecules. According to the equation, the potential energy of two molecules in a London dispersion interaction increases with greater polarizability o...

Joaquin Andrade

To draw the lewis structures of polyatomic ions we first add up the total valence electrons. For instance, take sulfate SO4 -2. Both sulfur and oygen have 6 valence electrons - there are 4 oxygens so the total number of electrons is 30. But since the charge is -2 we add 2 electrons for a total of 32...

CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Search found 31 matches

Re: Chem 6th Edition 12.25

Re: Difference Between Polarizability and Polarizing Power

Re: Polydentate

Re: Ionic Character

Re: Oxalate bidentate

Re: Function of polydentate ligand

Re: Review questions

Re: Differences in electronegativity

Re: 6A.9

Re: Cl- and F-

Re: Sigma and pi bonds

Re: Dipole dipole moments

Re: Correct Bond Angles

Re: Rotation

Re: Ligands

Re: Problem J.7 - 7th Ed.

Re: bond length

Re: ClO2- lewis structure

Re: Shape of molecule

Re: H-bonds

Re: Polarizability

Re: ACID RAIN

Re: Electronegativity

Re: Identifying sigma & pi bonds

Re: Determining possible intermolecular forces

Re: J.19

Re: Q. 4.1B

Re: 4.12 Homework Problem

Re: how to know which shape it is

Re: Potential Energy Equation

Re: polyatomic ions