Search found 61 matches
- Sat Mar 16, 2019 9:50 am
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Adiabatic proceses
- Replies: 1
- Views: 419
Re: Adiabatic proceses
Adiabatic means that the system is isolated and no heat is transferred. From there, you know that q=0 so using delta u = q+w, you know that delta u = w. After that, you use the information given to you in the problem to find an equation that solves for final temperature.
- Wed Mar 13, 2019 4:49 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Structure for activated complexes
- Replies: 1
- Views: 248
Structure for activated complexes
How do we draw structures for activated complexes? I came across them in the kinetics homework, but I don't remember learning them in class. Do we need to know how to do this?
- Wed Mar 13, 2019 4:32 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Chemistry community posts
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1019
Re: Chemistry community posts
I think that the number of posts per week vs. per quarter depends on what your TA wants. On that note, I think that the TA counts the number of posts, but I'm not positive.
- Fri Mar 08, 2019 7:27 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Molecularity
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1090
Re: Molecularity
A guess, but I would assume tetramolecular.
- Thu Mar 07, 2019 10:01 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Half life of a first order reaction
- Replies: 3
- Views: 409
Re: Half life of a first order reaction
No, concentration does not affect the half life of a first order reaction. The formula for the half life of a first order reaction is 0.693/k = t. The concentration does not matter because you know that you need half of the original concentration so you always have ln 2/1 and that is always equal to...
- Thu Mar 07, 2019 9:57 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Reaction Rate Orders
- Replies: 4
- Views: 450
Re: Reaction Rate Orders
I think reaction order is combined order of reactants.
- Thu Feb 28, 2019 9:08 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: finding DeltaG
- Replies: 6
- Views: 679
Re: finding DeltaG
You use different equations for delta g depending on what information you are given in the problem. There are many equations for delta g that can be further substituted, so I don't think there is one "best" equation.
- Thu Feb 28, 2019 8:32 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6th edition 14.25
- Replies: 1
- Views: 277
Re: 6th edition 14.25
You can actually do this problem by simply comparing the reduction potentials (E values in the table). The most negative E values will be the strongest reducing agents.
- Thu Feb 28, 2019 8:00 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 14.11d (6th Edition)
- Replies: 1
- Views: 260
Re: 14.11d (6th Edition)
In cell potential diagrams, the format is always written as reactants then products, so the O2 comes first and is therefore the reactant.
- Thu Feb 21, 2019 9:16 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K.1 7th Edition
- Replies: 1
- Views: 240
Re: 6K.1 7th Edition
C2H5OH ---> C2H4O
For C2H5OH, you know that there are 6H(+1/H), 1O(-2), 2C(-2/C). Total charge = 0
For C2H4O, you know that there are 4H(+1/H), 1O(-2), which leaves -2 left to be filled by the 2C. Therefore, each C will have a charge of -1 to make the total charge = 0.
For C2H5OH, you know that there are 6H(+1/H), 1O(-2), 2C(-2/C). Total charge = 0
For C2H4O, you know that there are 4H(+1/H), 1O(-2), which leaves -2 left to be filled by the 2C. Therefore, each C will have a charge of -1 to make the total charge = 0.
- Thu Feb 21, 2019 9:08 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Positive E cell
- Replies: 1
- Views: 196
Re: Positive E cell
Since delta G = -n*F*Ecell, when delta G is negative, Ecell is positive. The negatives will not cancel out in this situation. We know that -delta G means that the reaction is spontaneous.
- Thu Feb 21, 2019 9:04 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Difference
- Replies: 3
- Views: 506
Re: Difference
When you balance a redox reaction, you have to also balance the charges as well, which means that you have to keep in mind the number of electrons.
- Sun Feb 17, 2019 1:53 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Entropy using statefunctions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 529
Re: Entropy using statefunctions
When changing volume and temperature, you have to use both delta s equations (one for change in volume, one for change in temperature) and then you add the delta s values together to get delta s of the reaction. You use the values that are provided in the problem for both equations.
- Sun Feb 17, 2019 1:52 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: spontaneity
- Replies: 2
- Views: 281
Re: spontaneity
A reaction that is spontaneous usually releases energy, so it wants to form products. Forming products favors the forward reaction.
- Fri Feb 15, 2019 8:33 am
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Cv vs. Cp
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1051
Re: Cv vs. Cp
You use Cv when the volume is constant and Cp when the pressure is constant.
- Fri Feb 08, 2019 10:40 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Constant Pressure Problem
- Replies: 2
- Views: 319
Re: Constant Pressure Problem
You divide the heat by the mols to get the right units in the end, which is just J or kJ.
- Thu Feb 07, 2019 5:14 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Energy
- Replies: 5
- Views: 767
Re: Energy
Energy is always constant in an isolated system at equilibrium based on the principle of conservation of energy and the fact that in an isolated system, energy cannot be exchanged.
- Mon Feb 04, 2019 5:18 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Kb meaning
- Replies: 2
- Views: 439
Re: Kb meaning
Kb is the Boltzmann constant. It's on the equation sheet that we're given at the beginning of all of our exams. You also always have avogadro's number because that's also on the equation sheet.
- Sun Feb 03, 2019 8:53 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: K vs. C in calculations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 269
K vs. C in calculations
In a workshop today, we were using the formula u = 3/2 nRT. For R we used 8.314 J/K*mol but for T, we used degrees celsius. I'm wondering how the constant can be in K, but the T can be in celsius and how the units work out in this regard.
Thanks!
Thanks!
- Sun Feb 03, 2019 8:43 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: U vs. H
- Replies: 2
- Views: 770
Re: U vs. H
you can also think of delta u as the change in internal energy and delta h as the change in enthalpy in the system. Delta h has the option of including more than just the change in internal energy because it has to take into account pressure and volume as well (delta h = delta u + p(delta v)). Only ...
- Sat Feb 02, 2019 11:28 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Reversible v irreversible
- Replies: 4
- Views: 367
Re: Reversible v irreversible
Reversible: w = -p(delta v)
Irreversible: w = -nRT*ln(v2/v1)
Irreversible: w = -nRT*ln(v2/v1)
- Thu Jan 24, 2019 4:10 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Tricks for identifying Strong/Weak Acids & Bases
- Replies: 6
- Views: 594
Re: Tricks for identifying Strong/Weak Acids & Bases
If you know Ka or Kb, you can determine the strength of an acid or base. But if you don't, there's a short list that you can memorize or know pretty well. For example, most all of the strong bases use the elements in the first 2 columns of the periodic table.
- Wed Jan 23, 2019 10:11 am
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Units for concentration
- Replies: 5
- Views: 558
Re: Units for concentration
Yes. Molarity is equal to mol/L, so mol.L^-1 is also the same.
- Wed Jan 23, 2019 10:00 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Acidity & Basicity Constants
- Replies: 3
- Views: 279
Re: Acidity & Basicity Constants
I don't think so. I think Dr. Lavelle will provide the constants that we need.
- Tue Jan 15, 2019 4:46 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Kp vs. Kc
- Replies: 2
- Views: 265
Re: Kp vs. Kc
Usually when you have all gasses in the reaction, you use Kp. There's not necessarily an advantage to either Kc or Kp. It often comes down to the information that is provided in the problem.
- Tue Jan 15, 2019 4:45 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 11.37 6th edition
- Replies: 3
- Views: 320
Re: 11.37 6th edition
You're given that k = 41 when N2+3H2 --> 2NH3. In part c of the question, the reaction is now 2N2 + 6H2 --> 4NH3. Notice that all of the coefficients were simply multiplied by 2 in part c. If you calculate K using products/reactants with the coefficients as the powers, you realize that the coefficie...
- Tue Jan 15, 2019 10:54 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Ksp
- Replies: 2
- Views: 190
Re: Ksp
Ksp has to do with solubility, but we haven't gone over it in class yet. I wouldn't worry about it until it's discussed in class.
- Thu Jan 10, 2019 11:12 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: When to use Kp or Kc
- Replies: 3
- Views: 174
Re: When to use Kp or Kc
I'm also a little confused about this, but I'm pretty sure that you use Kp for gasses unless the problem specifically tells you to use Kc. Also, in some problems, you can determine whether to use Kp or Kc depending on the units given. I know there are instances of this in the assigned problems.
- Thu Jan 10, 2019 8:54 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Q vs K
- Replies: 5
- Views: 450
Re: Q vs K
Q is just a calculation of equilibrium at a certain point within the reaction. Q changes as the reaction shifts towards equilibrium. However, Q = K at equilibrium.
- Thu Jan 10, 2019 2:05 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: ICE Chart for HW problem 11.49 6th Edition
- Replies: 4
- Views: 366
Re: ICE Chart for HW problem 11.49 6th Edition
Since you know that NH4HS is a solid, you can put 0 in for the whole column. You can add "x" to both NH3 and H2S in the change row (C) because you eventually want to find their equilibrium concentrations. You're given Kc so you can use the equilibrium equation: Kc=[NH3][H2S]. Kc=[0.2+x][x]...
- Thu Dec 06, 2018 11:12 am
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: equilibrium constant
- Replies: 2
- Views: 321
Re: equilibrium constant
I think that Dr. Lavelle said that calculating K is a 14b topic, so we won't need to know how for the final.
- Wed Dec 05, 2018 4:33 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: acetic acid vs formic acid
- Replies: 2
- Views: 395
Re: acetic acid vs formic acid
In acetic acid, the CH3 is actually electron donating, which means that it adds electron density and makes it harder to remove the H. The easier it is to remove an H, the stronger the acid. So, because it's hard to remove the H in acetic acid, acetic acid is weaker than formic acid.
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 8:13 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Double and Triple Bonds
- Replies: 17
- Views: 4354
Re: Double and Triple Bonds
No, a double or triple bond doesn't change the hybridization. You can treat them the same way as you do a single bond. They count as "1".
- Sun Dec 02, 2018 5:08 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: VSEPR
- Replies: 4
- Views: 554
Re: VSEPR
I'm not exactly sure what you mean by atoms, but when there are 3 bonds and 1 lone pair, the VSEPR formula is AX3E.
- Tue Nov 27, 2018 1:35 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Study Guide
- Replies: 1
- Views: 171
Re: Study Guide
I think that you're correct in that it's just telling you to know the order of magnitude of different types of forces.
So, ion-ion > ion-dipole > H bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > dipole induced dipole > London dispersion forces.
So, ion-ion > ion-dipole > H bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > dipole induced dipole > London dispersion forces.
- Tue Nov 27, 2018 1:30 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: hybridization
- Replies: 3
- Views: 448
Re: hybridization
The 2 preceding the sp(x) just tells you which period (row in the periodic table) he's talking about. It relates to electron configuration. For example, Oxygen's electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p4, so when you have to write the hybridization of oxygen, it would be 2sp(x)
- Tue Nov 27, 2018 1:26 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Size and Strength of Attractive forces
- Replies: 2
- Views: 365
Re: Size and Strength of Attractive forces
Increasing molar mass means that the molecule has more electrons. When there are more electrons present, there are stronger London Dispersion Forces, and thus stronger attraction. Also, in larger/heavier molecules, the valence electrons are further away from the nucleus, which allows for easier temp...
- Tue Nov 20, 2018 4:22 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Test 3
- Replies: 8
- Views: 835
Re: Test 3
I agree. I think Test 3 picks up right after what the midterm tested on and definitely includes hybridization.
- Tue Nov 20, 2018 4:20 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: S character in bond angles
- Replies: 1
- Views: 190
Re: S character in bond angles
I didn't know what s character was either, but Chem_Mod did a really nice job explaining this previously: viewtopic.php?t=1255
- Tue Nov 20, 2018 4:17 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: S and p character effect on bonds
- Replies: 2
- Views: 376
Re: S and p character effect on bonds
Since sigma bonds are present in every bond, but pi bonds are only present in double and triple bonds, anything with both a sigma and pi bond (1 for double, 2 for triple) will be shorter and stronger than something with only a sigma bond. Essentially, if a pi bond is present, that will be shorter an...
- Wed Nov 14, 2018 9:57 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: 3D Structure
- Replies: 2
- Views: 196
Re: 3D Structure
I agree. When drawing the VSEPR models, you only show the wedges to show 3 dimensions. The solid wedge comes towards you and the dotted wedge away from you. The bond type isn't really relevant when drawing 3D models.
- Wed Nov 14, 2018 8:22 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: bent structure? also, intermolecular interactions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 234
Re: bent structure? also, intermolecular interactions
Adding onto the previous reply, a bent shape occurs when there are 2 bonded atoms and a lone pair on the central atom. The lone pair pushes down, making the bond angle closer to 120 degrees instead of the 180 degrees seen in a linear shape. Regarding molecular interactions, you can look at symmetry ...
- Wed Nov 14, 2018 8:17 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Molecular Shape
- Replies: 6
- Views: 657
Re: Molecular Shape
When you draw the Lewis Structure, you see that iodine has 2 lone pairs. Since iodine has 2 lone pairs, it makes it t-shaped instead of trigonal planar. Molecules that are trigonal planar don't have lone pairs on the central atom.
- Thu Nov 08, 2018 3:29 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: First, second, third, etc. Ionization energy
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1162
Re: First, second, third, etc. Ionization energy
2nd ionization energy is higher than 1st ionization energy because it's always harder (takes more energy) to remove an electron from an already positively charged ion.
- Thu Nov 08, 2018 2:55 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: reactivity of radicals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 317
Re: reactivity of radicals
Radicals are very reactive because they have an odd number of electrons and they want to do anything they can (bond, etc.) to get rid of that 1 electron.
- Thu Nov 08, 2018 2:54 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Radicals 3.55
- Replies: 3
- Views: 368
Re: Radicals 3.55
You can also just count the number of electrons and see if the number is odd or even. Odd = radical. There's not really a need to draw out the Lewis Structure if you don't want to.
- Thu Nov 01, 2018 6:50 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Ground State to Ion with D subshell
- Replies: 2
- Views: 306
Re: Ground State to Ion with D subshell
Mn electron configuration: [Ar]3d5 4s2 - Since 4s is of higher energy level thad 3d, you remove an electron from 4s before you would remove from 3d.
Similarly, Au electron configuration: [Xe]4f14 5d10 6s1 - Again 6s is of higher energy level, so you remove an electron from 6s before 5d or 4f.
Similarly, Au electron configuration: [Xe]4f14 5d10 6s1 - Again 6s is of higher energy level, so you remove an electron from 6s before 5d or 4f.
- Thu Nov 01, 2018 6:38 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron Configuration of Ruthenium
- Replies: 1
- Views: 847
Re: Electron Configuration of Ruthenium
There's actually a thread on this that I'll link here: viewtopic.php?t=16277
but the overall gist is that it's because of electron repulsion.
but the overall gist is that it's because of electron repulsion.
- Thu Nov 01, 2018 6:02 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Electron Configuration of a Cation (hw problem 3.21 part d)
- Replies: 4
- Views: 388
Re: Electron Configuration of a Cation (hw problem 3.21 part d)
Additionally, since 5s is a higher energy level than 4d, electrons would be removed from 5s before they're removed from 4d.
- Fri Oct 26, 2018 2:21 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Lewis Structures
- Replies: 8
- Views: 695
Re: Lewis Structures
The number of dots that are put around each element relates to the number of valence electrons that element has. For example, C has 4, N has 5, O has 6, F has 7 valence electrons. The number of valence electrons correlates with the number of the column (group).
- Fri Oct 26, 2018 2:19 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Double and Triple Bonds???
- Replies: 2
- Views: 240
Re: Double and Triple Bonds???
Based on the number of valence electrons calculated, you can determine which types of bonds to use. For example, CH4 uses a single bond whereas C2H4 uses a double bond. In C2H4, you have the same number of hydrogens but another carbon, so you have to use a double bond to stay within the confines of ...
- Fri Oct 26, 2018 9:07 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Trends in the Periodic Table
- Replies: 2
- Views: 504
Trends in the Periodic Table
Can someone go over all the trends in the periodic table that we've learned and the reasoning behind them? I think I mixed a few up.
Thanks!
Thanks!
- Tue Oct 16, 2018 4:10 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: converting moles to grams
- Replies: 3
- Views: 822
Re: converting moles to grams
Correct! To convert from moles to grams, you multiply by the molar mass. Use dimensional analysis if you are unsure. L3b. 0.650mol LiH * 1 mol Li3N/2 mol LiH * 34.83 g Li3N/1 mol Li3N = mass of Li3N that will produce 0.650 mol LiH You can see that all the units cancel out except for g Li3N, which is...
- Tue Oct 16, 2018 3:51 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Units of Energy
- Replies: 5
- Views: 571
Re: Units of Energy
1 Joule = 1 kg * m^2 * s^-2, which can also be written as kg*m^2/s^2
You can convert Joules to SI units when you're using dimensional analysis to help you solve a problem. This could come in handy whenever you're solving for energy, as energy is often measured in Joules.
You can convert Joules to SI units when you're using dimensional analysis to help you solve a problem. This could come in handy whenever you're solving for energy, as energy is often measured in Joules.
- Tue Oct 16, 2018 3:47 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Planck's Constant
- Replies: 4
- Views: 367
Re: Planck's Constant
It doesn't matter because the only difference between 6.626 X 10^-34 and 6.63 X 10^-34 is the number of significant figures. I would use 6.626 X 10^-34, as more significant figures will usually lead to a more accurate answer in the end.
- Fri Oct 12, 2018 1:12 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Angstrom?
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1583
Re: Angstrom?
An angstrom is just a unit of length (think meter as another example) that is equal to 1*10^-10 m or 0.1 nm. I know Dr. Lavelle mentioned that angstroms are used to express wavelengths, so they are probably applied in lab in that way as well.
- Fri Oct 12, 2018 1:04 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Question 1.3 6th edition
- Replies: 2
- Views: 276
Re: Question 1.3 6th edition
First, start with the formula E=hv, where E=energy of photon, h=constant, v=frequency. Extent of change in an electrical field is basically the energy of a photon. You are given that frequency (v) decreases and since h is a constant, you know that E (energy of photon) must also decrease. Hope this h...
- Mon Oct 08, 2018 5:54 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: How do the post hw points work
- Replies: 1
- Views: 207
Re: How do the post hw points work
I'm pretty sure the 3 posts are due at the end of the week, no matter when your discussion is.
- Thu Oct 04, 2018 4:46 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Sig Fig question [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 297
Re: Sig Fig question [ENDORSED]
I think you would have to use scientific notation, so 100 = 1.0 * 10^2.
- Thu Oct 04, 2018 4:45 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: diatomic molecules
- Replies: 5
- Views: 398
Re: diatomic molecules
I know this sounds stupid but:
Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine
Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine
- Tue Oct 02, 2018 10:07 pm
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: Question F3(6th Edition)
- Replies: 3
- Views: 238
Re: Question F3(6th Edition)
Based on what Dr. Lavelle said in class, for now it's fine if we look up the formulas of compounds. Eventually, we'll have to memorize some of the more common compounds, but he'll teach us and also let us know when.