CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

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Catalyst shows up in products and reactants but intermediated are used during the course of reaction.

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Work is 0 when volume is constant.

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Adding a catalysts has no effect on the product or reactant, only speeds up the rate of reaction

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It would make sense that the 0 order reaction is most common because it takes place when concentration of reactants is very high.

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I think the newer material will be focused on more.

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Delta G is negative because the reaction is exergonic.

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For acidic solutions you balance the hyrdrogen by adding H+ and for basic solutions you balance the hydrogen by adding OH-.

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H+ is needed but H2O isn’t.

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You use Vant Hoff when you are trying to find how K changes as temperature changes.

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You can only know for sure if a process is spontaneous if delta G is negative.

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A reactant can be both a reducing and oxidizing agent when it is used in forming products with different oxidation states.

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N is the number of moles of electrons transferred during the redox reaction. You will usually find it when writing half reactions.

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the delta G is usually 0 if the reaction is in a state of equilibrium.

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delta g represents the spontaneity, so if it is negative it will be spontaneous and if positive it will be non-spontaneous.

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an exothermic reaction is usually spontaneous but if there is a large enough decrease in entropy, the gibb's free energy can be positive, thus making the reaction non-spontaneous.

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I think it means that entropy is greater for the liquid form.

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If the system is isolated, then the reversible expansion wil result in a lower internal energy.

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Isothermal means that the temperature will remain constant.

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You would normally use atm or bar as units in your answer.

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We do not consider the heat of surroundings in an isolated system because there is no energy exchange.

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Work being done by a system is negative because energy is taken out of the system, while work done on a system is positive because energy is put into the system.

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The question will tell whether to solve for ph or pOH.

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Heat capacity is an extensive property while specific heat is intensive.

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It is any unit that can measure pressure such as atm or bar.

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A reversible process is one where the system is always at a point of equilibrium whereas the irreversible process is one where the system is not always at equilibrium. Also, reversible processes tend to do more work.

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The pKa is the -log(Ka) and pH is -log(H+)

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You are correct. Phase changes from vapor to gas will be exothermic and the other way around is endothermic.

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Acids usually donate protons (H+) while bases accept protons.

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If a reaction is endothermic( absorbs energy), a temperature increase will favor the products side. If a reaction is exothermic( gives off energy), a temperature increase will favor the reactants side.

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Solving for molarity beforehand will allow you to find the unknown values as opposed to finding moles.

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You would not need to know the hybridization of lone pairs.

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An oxoacid is characterized by at least one hydrogen atom bonded to at least one oxygen and a nonmetal.

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The hydrogen would have to be attached to F,O, or N.

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An amphoteric compound may be able to add an H+ or remove an H+. Compounds like this include HSO4- and H2PO4-.

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Trigonal planar has 3 regions of electron density so it would be sp2

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I think net ionics are useful for identifying bronsted acids and bases in a chemical reaction. You can usually identify the charge on the icon by the oxidation state.

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Knowing the name is not necessary, usually the formula will be given.

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BeCl2 has a Lewis structure with 2 electron densities. Therefore the the hybridization is sp.

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Sigma bonds are observed in single bonds but pi bonds are observed in double and triple bonds.

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I think that if a lewis structure has resonance, it would be safe to draw out all possible resonance structures.

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Hydrogen bonding is the strongest IMF so the energy needed to separate these molecules is higher. Therefore the melting point would be higher.

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London forces don’t generally have a set time interval in which the force is active. However, the forces are continuously present between molecules.

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Hybridization is the result of delocalized electrons from multiple orbitals overlapping to form larger orbitals

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Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular force but are still weaker than covalent and ionic bonds.

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I’m pretty sure we will have to know most of the molecular geometry up to 6 bonds. So that includes bond angle and name.

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The degeneracy would be 3 because there are 3 possible orientations for electrons in the p orbital.

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Isoelectronicity is defined by two or more elements or ions having the same electronic configuration.

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The speed of an ejected electron is not dependent on the intensity of the photon because, as we know, the photoelectric effect theorized that the light is not thought of as a wave propagating through space but instead thought of as quantized packets of energy. Because of this, the energy is dependen...

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A resonance structure comes into play when there are 2 or more ways of writing out a Lewis structure for a molecule. We lost all structures because we can’t specifically pinpoint one correct structure.

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I typically try to round to as many decimal places that would allow for an accurate answer but also allows for the limiting significant figure to determine the answer.

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A sigma bond is a basic covalent bond whereas a public bond whereas a pi bond is a covalent bond between 2 perpendicular orbitals.

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It's also important to note that N1 is going to be 1 because the element used is hydrogen. That should clear up any confusion as to missing variables.

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I believe that the angular nodes number is equal to the angular quantum number

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To start the problem, you would first calculate how many grams of salicylic acid is contained in the pill. You would do this by multiplying the 1.35g by 0.15. Keep in mind that because this is a percent, the number of significant figures would still be 3. You would then convert the grams of salicyli...

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Yes they can. If the molar mass of the empirical formula is the same or relatively similar to that of the molecular formula, then the empirical formula is the molecular formula.

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Usually, if the problem gives the order of the elements, I would just follow that.

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To my knowledge, there aren’t any other variable you could use to differentiate frequency and velocity. You could just curve the v to differentiate it from a normal V.

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Molarity is essentially a quantity used to define the concentration of a substance in solution. It can be used as a conversion factor to determine the moles of a substance or volume of a substance.

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For this problem, you are given the grams of both reactants. You would find the limiting reactant by converting the grams of each substance to the theoretical grams of aluminum chloride. Whichever substance produces the least amount of aluminum chloride would be the limiting reactant. This would als...

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I wouldn't necessarily say that you can assume that the one reactant would be the limiting reactant because there could be additional details in the problem that would say otherwise. However, you could assume that if all other reactants were in "excess", then the one reactant would be cons...

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