CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Compression of a reaction only has an effect if all of the agents are in gas phase right? Because that is the only way a difference in moles between the sides of the reaction would cause a pressure difference?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Will adding an inert gas cause a shift if it increases the overall pressure of the system? I mean, will it cause the reaction to shift towards the side that has less molecules or moles if there is one?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

When applying Le Chateliers to partial pressures, should we think about it in terms of compressing the entire reaction or changing the amount of a given reactant or product present?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Hope you figured it out!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Hope this helped!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Thank you guys for your responses!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Hope this helped you understand the concepts better!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Thanks for all your responses!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Thank you!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Hope this helps!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Thank you!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

K can be used interchangeably to refer to the equilibrium constant using partial pressures or concentration. Sometimes you will see Kp when using partial pressures or Kc when using concentrations. If there is no subscript, partial pressures are probably being used, but you should be able to tell bas...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Yes, because it is in such large excess

Sara Lakamsani 4D

This means that no energy was put into the system to initiate expansion

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Hope this helped!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Hope you figured it out!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

The midterm covers everything through the end of entropy in Outline 4

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Heat is actually kind of difficult to define but I think the best way I've heard it described is the energy that is exchanged between a system and it's surroundings due to a difference in pressure. Temperature is just a scale we use to measure the intensity of heat which is why we often use degrees ...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I think anything of that nature that we would need on a test would be given to us.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Would we find an enthalpy of vaporization of a substance essentially the same way we find heat capacity?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I guess I just don't understand how, when using pdeltav, atm(L) gives us joules

Sara Lakamsani 4D

When we're using the ideal gas law or calculating work of expansion in general, what units of pressure and volume should we be using?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

We use the second equation when the external pressure is not constant, so in any reversible process

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Can be pH be negative? If the concentration of H+ is over 1, then the -log of it would be negative right?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

That makes sense. Thank you!

Sara Lakamsani 4D

How do I find [H3O+] with Kw and temperature given?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I still don't quite understand why we discount pure solids and liquids. Can someone help explain?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

More product will be produced until equilibrium of concentrations is restored.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Which question in 5G are you talking about?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

If it is an acid like HF or HCl, the easiest thing to look at is atomic radius, Cl has a larger atomic radius therefore the bond to the H is longer and weaker, making it more likely to donate the H. That makes it a stronger acid. The other thing to look for is resulting ion stability. Once the proto...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Polarizing power has to do with the strength of the nuclear charge. Smaller atoms have higher polarizing power because there is less shielding of the positive charge. With that information, we know that Li+ has a higher polarizing power than Ca2+ which has a higher polarizing power than Cs+ and Ba2+...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I believe that's the extent of what he went over in class.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

There are only two options for ms or spin, usually denoted as +1/2 or -1/2. Electrons that are in the same orbital must have opposite spins.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Could someone remind me of the minimum wavelength at which a particle is said to exhibit wave-like properties?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

It's usually for atoms that are not central, like hydrogen.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

They just add un-hybridized orbitals. The hybrid orbital stays the same but the extra electrons are held in p orbitals.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I think it is because, in water, the H atoms in H2SO3 are likely to be attracted to the oxygen and form H3O whereas Ca(OH)2 dissociates into Ca and OH ions

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Ok thanks. From my discussion, I was under the impression that the trigonal planar pairs were affected, but not the linear ones. And also, often, in the textbook, it just says 90 and 120 in the solutions manual for seesaw structures rather than slightly less than 90 and 120. Do you know if it would ...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

They are named by the shape they form. If you were to connect the dots between four areas of electron density in our model, it would form a 3d shape with 4 triangular faces or planes so we call it tetrahedral. If you do this with the arrangement of 6 areas of electron density, it forms a 3d shape wi...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I'm a little confused about how the lone pair affects the bond angles in the seesaw geometry. Why does the lone pair not affect the 90 and 180 bond angles?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Yes, I believe you draw the valence electrons around the atom that takes them and note the charges with brackets, but no lines because those indicate electron pairs that are shared covalently.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Dissociation energy is the amount of energy required to break a bond, so the stronger the bond. It's just important to know that the bond between ions is stronger than the bond between dipoles so that you know how certain molecules are likely to interact once you know which forces are acting on them.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I believe it just refers to the actual structure of the molecule which would be a hybrid of all of the resonance structures

Sara Lakamsani 4D

You need to write out the electron configuration of the element and then count the electrons in levels past the last noble gas, so for Mn, it would be the number of additional electrons it has after [Ar].

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Copper has a full 3d orbital. Cu: [Ar]3d^104s^1 The way Gail explained it today is that, although 4s is at a higher energy level, there is an additional energy cost to disrupting that full orbital, and since the difference between energy levels get smaller and smaller, it ends up requiring less ener...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

The problem is telling you that when 3 electrons are removed from some metal (giving it a +3 charge), its electron configuration is [Ar]3d^6. Using the atomic number of Ar and the information that there are 6 additional electrons, you know that this mystery ion has 24 electrons. So you know that the...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I believe it is because carbon has the lowest ionization energy, and the atom with the lowest ionization energy is generally the central atom because it shares its electrons more readily.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I believe it is just the force of attraction between oppositely charged particles; particles of opposite charges are attracted to each other, while particles with the same charge repel each other.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

You need to take into account the trends of electron affinity based on the periodic table. So, electron affinity decreases as you go down a group, because electrons are farther away from the nucleus and there is increased shielding because electrons are at higher energy levels. It increases as you g...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

So, I think you're talking about Hund's rule: that every orbital in a subshell must have one electron before any of them can have a pair. This is because is creates the lowest possible energy. Electrons repel each other so if they are in the same orbital, that repulsion creates a higher energy state.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I believe Dr. Lavelle said that we will always have a full sheet of equations like on the first exam.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

The double-slit experiment showed that electrons form wave-like interference patterns that curve around a barrier rather than going straight through the slit like a particle

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Yes, due if there is excess energy in removing the electron, it is conserved as kinetic energy of the electron. And the work function is the same as the amount of energy required to remove the electron

Sara Lakamsani 4D

Yes. Both are true. Just bear in mind that if the energy of the photon is higher than the energy required to remove the electron, the remaining energy will present as kinetic energy of the ejected electron; the energy is conserved.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

So, the positively charged alpha particles were only deflected if the got close to the nucleus?

Sara Lakamsani 4D

It would help to have a general sense of how wavelength corresponds to the type of EM radiation, just because it would be easier to understand the real world implications of the practice problems. It would help you to know whether we're dealing with visible light or x-rays etc., but I'm not sure if ...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

In a double slit experiment, it was shown that electrons formed an diffraction pattern like light waves, bending around the barriers, but electrons also have mass and can collide with and transfer energy to other particles.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

My TA said to treat it as if you did all of the intermediate calculations in one step. In other words, you only need to use sig figs in your final answer. I normally just use the numbers stored in my calculator throughout the problem and then write my answer with the correct number of sig figs.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

You do need to convert to moles using the molar mass of each compound. You shouldn't need avogadro's number. Just convert the kg of NH4ClO4 to g and then to moles and you would need (5/3)x as many moles of Al so that the two reactants are proportional according to the molar ratios of the equation. T...

Sara Lakamsani 4D

I believe you do have to convert to grams, because you will need to use molar ratios and molar masses are measured to g/mol^-1. I found that there are 907185 g in one US ton.

Sara Lakamsani 4D

To find the limiting reactant, you need to compare the moles of each reactant, not the masses. To start, make sure you have balanced equation to represent the reaction. This will tell you the molar ratio in which the compounds react with each other. For example, if you have 4NH_{3}+5O_{2}\rightarrow...

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