CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Elizabeth Kim 4E

They will be provided but it's good to know how to do them to understand the concepts fully

Elizabeth Kim 4E

mol/L and then 1/mol/L for second order

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Its a direct relationship, so increase in temp results in a faster rate and a decrease in temp results in a slower rate

Elizabeth Kim 4E

rate constant k determines how fast/slow the reaction occurs using the initial concentrations of the reactants

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Yes, because the slowest rate is essentially the rate law used.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Rate laws only focus on the reaction hence why only the concentrations of the reactants matter.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Pretty sure they're given but it's good to know how to do it yourself so you understand the concept

Elizabeth Kim 4E

It depends on the exponents

Elizabeth Kim 4E

rate of consumption is more specific but are essentially calculated in the same way. however it could have a different sign than the general rate law if it is specific to the reaction

Elizabeth Kim 4E

k is used to symbolize the rate the chemical reaction is going related to the concentration of reactants and products.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Yes it's a state function because it involves entropy and enthalpy

Elizabeth Kim 4E

At equilibrium, free energy equals 0, which means g=0

Elizabeth Kim 4E

It's usually always in standard condition which means 25C or 298K

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Standard reaction enthalpy is the enthalpy that occurs in a reaction and the SE of formation is during the formation of 1 mole of something

Elizabeth Kim 4E

In a closed system, matter must stay fixed, but an open system is more flexible

Elizabeth Kim 4E

I think the SI unit is kJ and is used as the final answer on most of the answer keys, so it would be safer to put the final answer in kJ

Elizabeth Kim 4E

The enthalpy from liquid to gas is higher because in addition to raising the temperature, more heat is required to separate the molecules to a gas

Elizabeth Kim 4E

He will most likely put the specific standard enthalpy we need in the question

Elizabeth Kim 4E

I think the test will provide them for us, according to my TA

Elizabeth Kim 4E

The L*atm to Joules will probably be needed since we use it most in problems but everything else is on the equation sheet

Elizabeth Kim 4E

You don't need to know the lewis structures for the midterm, but my TA said it was easier to visualize if you drew out the Lewis structure

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Enthalpy is a state function, so it doesn't matter what path it takes, as long as it reaches enthalpy

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Any first law or second and third law of thermodynamics problems I'm pretty sure

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Endothermic: reaction will lean towards reactant
Exothermic: reaction will lean towards products

Elizabeth Kim 4E

It can only be used on idea gases

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Yeah it goes until the end of enthropy

Elizabeth Kim 4E

It only works for gases because pressures only affect gases and not solids or liquids

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Entropy increases, and as the amount of energy used decreases, the amount of energy not used increases

Elizabeth Kim 4E

The enthalpy of combustion is the energy released as heat when the reaction undergoes combustion. Standard enthalpy of formation is the change of enthalpy when exactly 1 mole of compound is formed.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

A reversible reaction is more efficient because the volume changes very slowly and can easily be manipulated to reach equilibrium. However, an irreversible reaction moves very fast and uses large amounts, so it is harder to reach equilibrium easily, so therefore it is irreversible.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

I think there's one next Monday

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Lone pairs needed to be accounted for in hybridization

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Paramagnetic means that there is one electron in the subshell, and diamagnetic means that there are two paired electrons with opposite spin in the same subshell.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Knowing how electronegative an element is helps with determining whether there are ionic or covalent bonds, and if covalent, whether they are polar or non-polar.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

It's the average of all of the possible resonance structures which determines the structure

Elizabeth Kim 4E

I don't think it's necessary either

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Even if it isn't required to draw all of the resonance structures, it's probably helpful in the long run to just draw them all out on tests and homework.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

The average number of resonance structures determine the shape, therefore it is an average number of bond lengths.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Free moving atoms have more potential energy therefore are more unstable. Bound atoms have less potential energy because they are bound, so they are more stable than the free moving atoms.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Phosphorus is unique in that it has an expanded octet and is also the least electronegative which is why it is the central atom.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

The greater overlap in the sigma bonds makes it stronger than the pi bonds.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Ionic bonds are stronger due to their particular ionic character. And polarization power depends in covalent bonds.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

VSPER allows you to tell the shape of the structure

Elizabeth Kim 4E

D and f subshells can account for more than 8 electrons, therefore the expanded octet.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Make sure that the Lewis structure adds up to the amount of valence electrons and there are all complete octets and the formal charges all around are zero.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Delta negative: accepts electrons
Delta positive: donates electrons

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Ionic bonds are shorter because they are stronger bonds

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Covalent bonds share electrons

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Although the number of bonds increase bond strength, you also have to consider the bond lengths, therefore, it isn't just completely linear from a single to double bond

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Bonding between two metal ions

Elizabeth Kim 4E

They are both intermolecular forces that are relatively weak

Elizabeth Kim 4E

The shape is determined by how the atoms are arranged

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Yes, stronger bonds have greater repulsion

Elizabeth Kim 4E

I don't think we have to

Elizabeth Kim 4E

H20's bond length is shorter than H2S which means its harder for electrons to break apart, therefore it has a higher boiling point than H2S.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Yes and it is very hard to release an electron because the electrons are so tightly packed to each other

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Dissociation energy is negative when the bond is releasing energy, and it is positive when it is absorbing energy

Elizabeth Kim 4E

There cannot be two limiting reactants, because only one can do the limiting to the other. However, there can be no limiting reactants in which the mole ratio for the reactants are equal.

Elizabeth Kim 4E

Any ionic or covalent solid compound not just salts

Elizabeth Kim 4E

I would use the molar mass from the periodic table for a more accurate answer and then round the final answer to the number of sig figs that are in the numbers given in the problem.

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