CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

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Lewis acids accept electrons and Lewis bases donate electrons

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pH measures acidity while pOH measures basicity, and you can use one to get the other

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The different forms of a molecule because there can be more than one

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Yes all ligands are basically Lewis bases

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In most cases Ammonia is considered a weak base

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Because a sigma bond is stronger and more stable so there will be one of these, and pi bonds would come after the sigma bond because they are weaker.

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The energy of the hybridized molecule is an average of the beginning two.

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To explain bonds more thoroughly

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You begin with the Lewis Structure which then allows you to use VSEPR to predict the shape, and from these two you should know the number of regions of electron density which would then allow you to derive the hybridization.

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005384106 wrote:Does hybridization depend on the number of bonds between atoms?

The number of hybrid orbitals depends on the number of regions of electron density.

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Cl is the central atom because it allows for stability

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Yes, but only sp3 + it corresponds with electron densities

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The electrons in sigma bonds are very close to the nuclei, while the electrons in a pi bond are further from the nuclei so the attraction is not as strong, thus making them easier to break.

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Yes they do count, so for this example it would be 4 instead of 3.

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I believe we will need to know how to draw them but I am not sure, regardless it would be beneficial.

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I believe the f-block can store electrons too since the octet exception applies to those after the third period.

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I believe it will be specified but if not the noble gas configuration should be sufficient.

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Usually the question will specify whether they want the whole thing written out or not.

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If electrons are shared equally, it is nonpolar. If electrons are shared unequally, it is polar, which you should be able to see once you calculate formal charge.

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The most electronegative atom should have the negative charge, I think it does matter what the formal charges are on individuals which would then lead to the correct charge for the overall structure.

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A coordinate covalent bond is between an acid and a base where one acts and the lone electron donor and the other acts as the lone electron acceptor.

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I think the midterm will be all free-response because all of the practice problems given usually are as well.

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Yes, the most stable structure will make it the most accurate so it is the one you should draw.

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You get the number of valence electrons from whatever group the element is in.

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I would recommend counting the formal charge so you have the most similar structure to what the real structure looks like.

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It may also help to understand that second row electrons can only have an octet due and count the electrons up to the 2nd row (1s^2,2s^2,2p^6) and if they are in a different row such as the third row they can take e- from the d subshell.

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You would put the atom that is the least electronegative or has the lowest ionization energy in the middle.

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It means it is moving to the next orbital because it is excited.

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If the negative is referring to the charge then yes you would add an electron for every negative shown and subtract an electron for every positive shown when referring to charge.

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Anions are bigger because an electron is added. Cations are smaller because a valence electron is lost.

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I don't think you will be penalized for moving on from Quantum World if you wanted to.

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For the most part I think it will be given unless it is simple for us to figure out.

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As long as the overall charge is accurate and the formal charge is matched then you should be fine.

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The central atom has to be the atom with the lowest ionization energy, so I think those can be in the middle if they have a lower ionization energy than other atoms involved.

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This is due to their shape

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Schrodinger's uses a function to describe an e- in an atom and uses the concept that an e- with wavelike properties and indeterminacy in momentum and position can be described by a wave function.

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The electron has to be in ground state for the radius to be measured properly, not excited.

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They are due by Sunday, Professor Lavelle explained in an email how when discussing Chemistry Community the week "ends" on Sunday.

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Light does not have mass, which is a required variable in the De Broglie equation.

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Definitely take advantage of all the tutoring they offer and practice as much as you can, YouTube also helps a lot.

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Combustion consists of burning, usually O^2 reacts with something else and CO^2 and H^2O are products.

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I find it helpful to list the elements on both sides (under reactants and products) and then plug in numbers that look correct and update the numbers as I go by crossing them out and putting the new ones.

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You would use the Rydberg equation to calculate the wavelength of light when an electron moves energy levels.

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Yes, however I think it is best to show work so that in case you make a mistake you may receive partial credit.

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