CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Pablo 1K

It will tell you if there is another metal, if not put platinum if writing out how the cell would look like. Platinum is most commonly used as an electrode.

Pablo 1K

I believe you use the 8.314 (Joules/ Kelvin x mol). This is just the easiest way to utilize the gas constant as the rest of the units for other variables are in similar units as R.

Pablo 1K

The former refers to the energy barrier that needs to be surpassed in order for the reaction to occur (reaction specific) and the ladder means energy needed to cause a reaction for it to take place.

Pablo 1K

Pre-equilibrium he stated is what we will be utilizing, not steady state.

Pablo 1K

If the rate content is high it means the reaction occurs quicker the higher the constant. In turn, the half life is reached at a quicker rate.

Pablo 1K

No since fundamentally, H+ would make a solution more acidic and in a basic equation, you have more OH- so OH- would be utilized to balance only in basic solutions.

Pablo 1K

Think about it from a mathematical view, a first order means it is dependent on one reactant to the first power. A second order means either a) dependent on two reactants to the first power or one reactant to the second power, in order for reaction to proceed.

Pablo 1K

H20, hydrogens, and lastly electrons!

Pablo 1K

Platinum is better as it is best as an electrode.

Pablo 1K

No kinetics, just electrochemical and second page of thermodynamics.

Pablo 1K

It could have any state ion matter I think too.

Pablo 1K

You must be told in order to know if you will have h plus or oh-

Pablo 1K

Equilibrium not reached so it will continue if cathode Ecell greater than 0.

Pablo 1K

following week discussion

Pablo 1K

Platinum does not involve itself in the reaction and therefore it should be included because it does not oxidate and functions as an electrode.

Pablo 1K

Galvinic cell is spontaneous while electrolytic focuses more on non-spontaneous reactions.

Pablo 1K

Sign of delta G may be the most relevant info as info relating to K may not be available.

Pablo 1K

It ties the max potential of an electrochemical cell to respective cell concentrations that are in the battery and the conditions of it can be assumed regular as @25 degrees C or also for non-regular conditions.

Pablo 1K

The word "agent' is what it refers to as doing the respective action so keep an eye out for that.

Pablo 1K

It would not be a galvanic cell of it is negative. that would suck the energy out of say, your phone battery instead of charging it.

Pablo 1K

I believe its just to help you break down the problem and measure oxidation by itself and then reduction. After, you can then combine them to continue the problem.

Pablo 1K

Yes! Ensure your charges on both side equal as electrons cancel out.

Pablo 1K

Salt bridge allows for the flow of an electrical current. Without it there would be a buildup of positive charge on anode side and negative buildup on cathode side.

Pablo 1K

Cathode attracts the electrons with positive charge thus associated with reduction. Vice versa with anode.

Pablo 1K

Yes Q will always equal 0 since there is no heat transfer.

Pablo 1K

I think irreversible would be at a higher temp since for reversible the temp is constant.

Pablo 1K

Entropy decreased when a system becomes more orderly. Less particle dispersion.

Pablo 1K

I believe there is only a group discussion for last minute questions only. No class :)

Pablo 1K

I think thats no transfer of heat or mass of substances between a thermodynamic system and surroundings.

Pablo 1K

if you did some expansion work (I believe if it can be reversed) and then compressed back to your original state then delta s would give you =0.

Pablo 1K

Because Gibbs is made up of other state properties, it too is a state property.

Pablo 1K

It was a type I also stressed over it but yea it seems you were right.

Pablo 1K

It is an open, closed, and isolated system!

Pablo 1K

Kinetics is the study of how temp and catalysts change the rate of a reaction.

Pablo 1K

It is the sum of all energy in the system both kinetic and potential.

Pablo 1K

I believe the calculus would help understand problems but not needed!

Pablo 1K

It is the heat of the system times the volume and pressure.

Pablo 1K

As somewhat indicated in the n are reversible reactions can return to their former state and I believe there isn't much fo a change so that is why this can happen.

Pablo 1K

It depends on the units that the question is asking for. But you should be good as a drop of 1 degree in K is same as in C

Pablo 1K

Just focus on recognizing the strong acids and bases and I believe the weak ones will become noticeable easier.

Pablo 1K

Yes it is constant because the energy is going towards breaking the forces of a molecule so that such a change can occur.

Pablo 1K

Yes because delta H is associated with the heat that is needed for a substance to form.

Pablo 1K

Feel free to fact check me but if i am not mistaken energy in a closed system can go beyond the closed systems boundaries only in the form of heat/work but not matter. Thats just properties of the system you describe. I think an isolated system is the one where nothign goes in or out at all. Again, ...

Pablo 1K

Enthalpy will be on the mid term the only thing for test 1 will be acid/base calculations and anything before that :) I assume.

Pablo 1K

You do not include them.

Pablo 1K

You do not include them.

Pablo 1K

You use that rule when x is less than 10^-3, its so small it wont change the concentration of a molecule.

Pablo 1K

There are no solids for concentration, that would the be pure substance.

Pablo 1K

You do not include liquids, solids, and water even in expressions. Aqueous is included though. Water in gas phase is included though.

Pablo 1K

Most likely a gas that is inert will be noble. It does not react with anything so it just passes along.

Pablo 1K

That is because [0H-] = 10^-7, so H30 and OH- will neutralize each other.

Pablo 1K

Protonation for bases mostly and deprotonation for acids. Refers to gaining, losing protons

Pablo 1K

I believe all we need to know is pv=nrt that other one seems to complex and we haven't covered that.

Pablo 1K

I believe you would need a graphing calculator to solve but those aren't allowed in exam anyways, so I believe you won't have to solve them unless they are simplified.

Pablo 1K

They do not have top add up to 1 but it just happens that is what we are starting off with.

Pablo 1K

Yes you would leave them out of your final expression.

Pablo 1K

Solvents don't change much since an insignificant amount of it decreases and concentration of a solid doesn't quite add up. Thats why they are excluded.

Pablo 1K

Natalie Benitez 1C wrote:How exactly is the Q different from K if they are calculated the same way?

Q means there is still a reaction going on while K means it has reached an equilibrium.

Pablo 1K

You would check your units to see which one you would utilize!

Pablo 1K

Kc is for concentration equilibrium and Kp is for Pressure equilibrium. While they are both calculated in a similar format they are NOT in lieu of the other as they pertain to two different things.

Pablo 1K

Exactly you got it.

Pablo 1K

It is to the total n umber of atoms bound to it not necessarily ligands since some can bind at multiple sites.

Pablo 1K

The weak acids partially dissociate and the stronger ones fully disassociate.

Pablo 1K

The outline problems are a great way of knowing what types of problems to expect.

Pablo 1K

ik it may be kinda boring but yes we must memorize what Lavelle sent out to us.

Pablo 1K

We went over salts as how they would be in acids and bases. Ions as acids are for the most part cations. A salt containing a base will most likely raise the pH of a solution. He also stated Wednesday and Friday he would go over more problems so come to those days :). Oh and don't forget to check on ...

Pablo 1K

I think as long as you did your weekly 5 posts for every week as a minimum you should be okay.

Pablo 1K

If ligand can bind to more than one site most likely it will be one!

Pablo 1K

Perhaps when arrows are drawn in the molecule it is a good representation of when a stronger atom pulls on e- and delocalizes charge from an atom with a -1 on it.

Pablo 1K

Yea roughly you need that amount.

Pablo 1K

He went over it today and if anything g we might get an email. any further doubts, ask your TA they may know.

Pablo 1K

That means that a molecule can donate more than one proton.

Pablo 1K

H bonds are defined by if they are attached to a N,O, or F atom.

Pablo 1K

Yes just those atoms.

Pablo 1K

Simply depends on the atoms in the molecule, play around with it to see if it does.

Pablo 1K

Look art inter molecular forces in a molecule; the strength of forces involved will determine the melting point!

Pablo 1K

Don't worry about it, only sigma and pi bonds.

Pablo 1K

After lecture, perhaps chill for about 30 minutes (if you know going back to your place will make you lazy), hit a study room or library and after cooling down and relaxing (when u have time), look at video modules and perhaps look up complicated concepts andd see how other people teach it. Practice...

Pablo 1K

Yes you place the dipole moment towards the atom with more electronegativity.

Pablo 1K

Why does arsenic have lone pairs? And how would you know it would have lone pairs being the central atom? From practice what helps me is abiding b y the rules of electronegativity. Though if it helps play with the problem by filling up all bound atoms valence shells and if electrons are left over i...

Pablo 1K

Will be determined by class average but surely there will be a form of curve.

Pablo 1K

Only London dispersion forces since it is a non-polar molecule.

Pablo 1K

Lone pairs are placed as far as possible to minimize electron repulsion.

Pablo 1K

E- density influences shape of molecule but is not counted in the molecular shape naming of the molecule. Only bound atoms are.

Pablo 1K

Stick with bent as it is the term that is mostly used. Perhaps more concise in terms of what Lavelle is looking for.

Pablo 1K

Dont worry about it, luckily just pi and sigma bonds. We should be good just memorize the shapes and electron geometry.

Pablo 1K

Yes, since as mentioned above, in an octahedral shape, it is most stable and net dipole moments is 0.

Pablo 1K

A is the middle atom and will never have a subscript. Only E (lone pairs of the central atom) and X (bound atoms) can have subscripts.

Pablo 1K

Do your normal lewis diagram and ensure all electrons are accounted for. If all bound atoms are full it means there is most likely a central atom with an expanded octet.

Pablo 1K

think about electronegativity, look to see if atoms are far apart in the periodic table. Most likely it will have dipole dipole interactions.

Pablo 1K

Yes think about atomic radius, increases left and down, that is the trend.

Pablo 1K

It is the required energy to breaks bonds.

Pablo 1K

You always want to meet the net charge if an ion has a 2+ then you want to make sure some atom(s) are charged to meet that 2+. If there is no net charge then yes it will always have to be 0.

Pablo 1K

Outer electrons are easily distorted in anions. There is a small nuclear charge which means these electrons are held less tightly. Thus why anions are highly polarizable.

Pablo 1K

Electronegativity always in creased going left to right and down to up. Applies to elements without a full valence shell so CL is much more electronegative.

Pablo 1K

By having a 0 charge, nothing will interfere (ideally) with the molecule as all electron shells are full. All elements are in the best state to be.

Pablo 1K

I believe you would simply exclude the d block, and count over them so for example, as mentioned above the number of valence e- for group 15 would all be 5.

Pablo 1K

This is just a fundamental property of Flourine. Since it is very electronegative, it would pull harder all of the atoms' electrons to it if it were in the center of a molecule. Thus; when doing lewis structures, we want the atom with the least amount of electronegativity in the middle. It is a matt...

Pablo 1K

Arianna Perea 3H wrote:If you leave a lone pair instead of making it a bond, would it be considered wrong?

It depends on the structure as a whole and the overall charge. Try to make bonds but keeping ion mind the overall charge.

Pablo 1K

The central atom should be of a charge of 0 for the structure of a molecule top be most stable. As for any charges If the whole electron shell is filled that means it will be at its most stable state.

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