Search found 97 matches
- Sat Mar 14, 2020 6:38 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cell Diagram
- Replies: 11
- Views: 701
Re: Cell Diagram
You can use platinum or graphite. Most people will probably use platinum if nothing else is stated in the question.
- Sat Mar 14, 2020 5:46 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: 4D.9
- Replies: 1
- Views: 195
4D.9
The question asks to explore the rocket fuel by calculating its enthalpy density. How do you know 1/4th or 3292 kj/mol of energy will be released per mole of TNT consumed? Where did they get 3292 kj / mol in the solutions manual ?
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 9:08 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Rate constant versus Equilibrium Constant
- Replies: 1
- Views: 187
Rate constant versus Equilibrium Constant
What are the differences between rate constant and equilibrium constant when temperature is increased or decreased? How do either of these functions affect activation energy?
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 9:03 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: 7B.1 mass of drug left in body
- Replies: 2
- Views: 256
Re: 7B.1 mass of drug left in body
Yes, you would use that equation by plugging in all the givens provided and find out that 10% of the initial concentration is in the body. Then you would multiply the mass times 0.10 to get the total mass of drugs remaining in the body.
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 7:42 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: 7B.7
- Replies: 1
- Views: 285
7B.7
The question says Substance A decomposes in a first order reaction and its half life is 355s. How much time must be elapsed for the concentration of A to decrease to a) one-eight of its initial concentration; b) one fourth of its initial concentration; c) 15% of its initial concentration ; d) one-ni...
- Fri Mar 13, 2020 7:24 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: k in first order reactions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 837
k in first order reactions
In section 7B, why are the rate constants for first order reactions positive ? If the plot of the first order reaction has a negative slope then shouldn't k be negative in the solutions?
- Sun Mar 08, 2020 9:15 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: K
- Replies: 11
- Views: 597
Re: K
When K>>>>1 then the products are favored and K in the forward direction is larger than K' in the reverse direction. This occurs in an energy profile with an exothermic reaction. Vice Versa, when K<<<1 then it is in an energy profile that is endothermic.
- Sun Mar 08, 2020 9:00 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Exothermic vs. Endothermic
- Replies: 14
- Views: 893
Re: Exothermic vs. Endothermic
When the reactants activation energy is higher than the products, then it is exothermic. In this case, potential energy is higher for reactants than products. When the products activation energy is higher than the reactants, then it is endothermic. In this case, the potential energy of the reactants...
- Sat Mar 07, 2020 4:15 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: galvanic cells
- Replies: 8
- Views: 596
Re: galvanic cells
If the standard cell potential is given then you will know the half reaction is an anode if it is more negative than the half reaction of the cathode. In other words, the more positive Ecell is the cathode and the more negative Ecell is the anode.
- Sat Mar 07, 2020 4:12 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Positional Disorder and Thermal Disorder
- Replies: 2
- Views: 332
Positional Disorder and Thermal Disorder
What is the difference between positional disorder and thermal disorder when there is a change in entropy to a system ?
- Sat Mar 07, 2020 4:03 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: Terminology for reaction rate constant
- Replies: 3
- Views: 342
Terminology for reaction rate constant
Are there any other ways of saying "reaction rate constant" or will every problem just say "reaction rate constant"? And what is the difference between the rate constant and the reaction rate constant?
- Sat Mar 07, 2020 3:46 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Simplifying
- Replies: 7
- Views: 571
Re: Simplifying
I would simplify after you add both reactions together, so you won't make any mistakes and can double check that all of the right coefficients and molecules are in the balanced equation.
- Sat Mar 07, 2020 3:44 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Values of Andode and Cathode
- Replies: 8
- Views: 533
Re: Values of Andode and Cathode
You can identify an anode or cathode based on the values of the standard cell potential. If it is more positive then it is a cathode, if it is more negative than the cathode then it is an anode.
- Tue Mar 03, 2020 4:27 pm
- Forum: Interesting Applications: Rechargeable Batteries (Cell Phones, Notebooks, Cars), Fuel Cells (Space Shuttle), Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Panels), Electrolysis, Rust
- Topic: Rust [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 418
Re: Rust [ENDORSED]
How would we be able to recognize that oxygen is the oxidizing agent and that the Fe is the reducing agent? How would the redox reaction look ?
- Sat Feb 29, 2020 12:12 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6O1
- Replies: 2
- Views: 261
Re: 6O1
In Table 6M.1 the reaction is written as the reduction reaction O2 +4H+ +4e- --> 2H2O with E ^o= +1.23V. In the answers they wrote it as the oxidation reaction by flipping the reaction to 2H2O->O2 +4H+ +4e- (E=+1.23). When we flip the reaction, the value of E^o becomes negative. When we pick an anod...
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 11:35 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N.5 a
- Replies: 2
- Views: 234
6N.5 a
For problem 6N.5 a you are given a cell diagram : Pt(s)|H2(g,1.0 bar)|H+(pH=?)||Cl- (aq,1.0 mol*L^-1)|Hg2Cl2(s)|Hg(l), Ecell= +0.33V and they want you to find the pH of H+. My confusion in this problem is how to solve the algebraic part. I was able to reach 0.33V=0.27V - (0.0129 V)*ln[H+] ^2, but I ...
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 11:20 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Slopes of a plot
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1185
Re: Slopes of a plot
Zeroth Order plot is negative (-k). First order plot is negative (-k). Second order plot is positive (+k). Also Lavelle hasn't discussed it yet I believe, but the units of the rate constant k in Zeroth Order is M/s, in First Order is 1/s, and Second Order is M^-1* s^-1
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 11:15 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Anode vs Cathode
- Replies: 15
- Views: 787
Re: Anode vs Cathode
If you were given an image then I heard that typically the left side is the anode (oxidation) and the right side is cathode (reduction). In a cell diagram , the oxidation is always written on the left side and the reduction is always on the right. You can also look at the half reactions to determine...
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 11:12 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Spontaneity
- Replies: 12
- Views: 851
Re: Spontaneity
When you have a +E naught , it means that you will get a -deltaG , which means that k>1. A -deltaG is spontaneous.
When you have a -E naught, it means that you will get a +deltaG , which means that k<1. A +deltaG is non spontaneous.
When you have a -E naught, it means that you will get a +deltaG , which means that k<1. A +deltaG is non spontaneous.
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 11:07 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: How to tell if its being reduced or oxidized
- Replies: 15
- Views: 1814
Re: How to tell if its being reduced or oxidized
I think it is best to look at the oxidation numbers of the atoms that are being reduced or oxidized so you can see what is happening to the reaction. In this case the Mn in MnO4^- is +7 because the x+4(-2)=-1 where -1 is the overall charge of the molecule and 4 times -2 is the oxidation number of ox...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 12:49 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Oxidizing/Reducing Agents
- Replies: 11
- Views: 768
Re: Oxidizing/Reducing Agents
Oxidizing agents remove electrons from a substance in a redox reaction. Reducing agents donates electrons in a redox reaction. In a reaction, the oxidizing agent goes through reduction while the reducing agent goes through oxidation. Reducing agents also have a lower electronegativity than oxidizing...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 12:43 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: salt bridge
- Replies: 5
- Views: 445
Re: salt bridge
A salt bridge has an electrolyte between the anode solution and cathode solution in a galvanic cell. Without the salt bridge, the solutions would increase in positive charges in one cell and increase negative charges in the other. the salt bridge can reduce this from occurring and prevent the electr...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 12:34 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Steps to Balance a Basic Solution
- Replies: 2
- Views: 198
Steps to Balance a Basic Solution
What steps do we need to know in order to balance a basic solution with its half reactions. How does it differ from balancing an acidic solution ?
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 12:29 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Oxidation Numbers
- Replies: 9
- Views: 617
Re: Oxidation Numbers
I like to set it up as if it were an algebraic expression. For example, if we want to find the oxidation number of S in SO4^2-we can set it up algebraically. We know that the overall molecule has to equal -2 and that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2. There are 4 oxygens so we multiply 4 by -2 to...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 12:21 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Cell Diagrams
- Replies: 6
- Views: 348
Re: Cell Diagrams
When we know that the left side of || is oxidation and the right of || is reduction, we can then determine how to design the half reaction. For example we see that in order for H to be oxidized it needs to lose electrons, so it would go from
H2-->H+ with a balanced reaction of H2-->2H+ +2e-
H2-->H+ with a balanced reaction of H2-->2H+ +2e-
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 12:14 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: What is Being Reduced?
- Replies: 10
- Views: 543
Re: What is Being Reduced?
I think it is sufficient enough to mention how it is being reduced, so in this case it is reduced from 6+ to 4+ electrons
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 12:34 pm
- Forum: Van't Hoff Equation
- Topic: Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy
- Replies: 7
- Views: 325
Re: Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy
The difference in deltaH naught of reactants and products are not temperature dependent, but because Gibbs Free Energy is temperature dependent since at equilibrium K is constant and K is affected by temperature change, so deltaG is not a constant due to temperature change.
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 12:27 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Delta H Fusion
- Replies: 9
- Views: 647
Re: Delta H Fusion
There are multiple steps because there are different phases occurring. For example when ice goes from solid to liquid, the bonds are breaking as heat is rising. And then at deltaH fusion the temperature is at 0 because heat is being added to the system.
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 12:24 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: 4H.5
- Replies: 4
- Views: 542
Re: 4H.5
a) I2 has a lower mass so I2 has a higher molar entropy b) the gases of both structures are not going to change, but pentane has more entropy because it is flexible and rotational versus cyclopentane which has less mobility since the bonds are stuck together c) ethylene has higher molar entropy beca...
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 12:12 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: Gibbs Free energy concept
- Replies: 16
- Views: 758
Re: Gibbs Free energy concept
Lavelle mentioned on Friday that Gibbs Free Energy is related to spontaneity and nonspontaneity. In lecture he showed a graph that shows the decrease in Gibbs free energy to increasing Gibbs free energy. When deltaG decreases, it is called a spontaneous reaction. One way to represent this reaction i...
- Sun Feb 16, 2020 12:03 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Delta E
- Replies: 11
- Views: 728
Re: Delta E
They both represent change in internal energy. I think deltaU is used a lot in lecture and in the textbook, but deltaE is on the constants sheet
- Sat Feb 08, 2020 10:12 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Entropy as an extensive property
- Replies: 2
- Views: 192
Entropy as an extensive property
What is the difference between an intensive and extensive property? Why is entropy an extensive property ?
- Sat Feb 08, 2020 10:02 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Endothermic vs Exothermic
- Replies: 10
- Views: 503
Re: Endothermic vs Exothermic
If we look back at equilibrium reactions, we could predict which way a reaction must go in perspective of negative heat or positive heat energy. Exothermic processes involve the exertion of heat energy which makes the q a -q the same way -deltaH indicates an exothermic process. The same goes for end...
- Sat Feb 08, 2020 9:13 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: phase changes, temperature constant?
- Replies: 11
- Views: 566
Re: phase changes, temperature constant?
The heat of the bonds to break the substance are being supplied while the temperature does not change to allow the phase change to occur
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 7:52 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Insulated system
- Replies: 5
- Views: 253
Re: Insulated system
If the system is thermally insulated then the temperature is equal to 0,making deltaS=0 If the thermally insulated system is at equilibrium then the state variable entropy is stationary so deltaS=0
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 7:45 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Textbook question 4A.13
- Replies: 5
- Views: 125
Re: Textbook question 4A.13
The reaction is mixing with the products so heat will transfer to the insulated chamber of the calorimeter, causing the internal energy to decrease.
- Thu Feb 06, 2020 7:38 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Constant pressure
- Replies: 19
- Views: 596
Re: Constant pressure
It would be irreversible and it would be referring to external pressure so w=0
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 6:32 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Delta U vs Delta H
- Replies: 4
- Views: 102
Re: Delta U vs Delta H
DeltaU is change in internal energy
DeltaH is change in enthalpy
The basic formulas that they derive from :
DeltaU= q + w
DeltaH=DeltaU + P*DeltaV
DeltaH is change in enthalpy
The basic formulas that they derive from :
DeltaU= q + w
DeltaH=DeltaU + P*DeltaV
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 6:28 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Cp and Cv
- Replies: 1
- Views: 88
Re: Cp and Cv
I don't really know why they are those particular numbers but I know that Cv = 3/2 R and Cp = 5/2R for Monoatomic molecules while Cv=5/2 and Cp=7/2 for diatomic molecules
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 11:05 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Entropy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 257
Re: Entropy
This is what I found on the web. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch21/chemical.php "The change in the enthalpy of the system in a reaction is equal to the change in internal energy plus the change in the product of the pressure times the volume of the system. DeltaH= DeltaE...
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 9:47 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Closed Systems
- Replies: 8
- Views: 364
Re: Closed Systems
Closed systems are not complete sealed away from its surroundings. There is still heat that can be transferred. The way I think of isolated systems, is that there is no heat transfer and energy can not be exchanged with the surroundings.
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 9:43 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: how to solve thermodynamics problems
- Replies: 2
- Views: 108
Re: how to solve thermodynamics problems
Depending on the problem, you gotta think about what they are describing so you know what equation to derive off of it. Sometimes you will need more than one equation to get through a question. But it is best to think about the process and then look back at the thermodynamic equations to see which o...
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 9:32 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: thermodynamic equations
- Replies: 3
- Views: 121
Re: thermodynamic equations
There is a lot, but some formulas are used interchangably depending on the question being asked. To calculate internal energy : DeltaU= q + w sometimes you will need to make q or w negative depending on what the question is saying : when q (heat) is negative , the system is loses heat when q is posi...
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 8:37 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: Closed vs isolated systems
- Replies: 24
- Views: 782
Re: Closed vs isolated systems
open system - can exchange energy and matter with its surroundings. Ex. Coffee in a cup without a lid closed system - can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings Ex. Coffee in a cup with a lid on it Isolated- cannot exchange energy and matter with its surroundings Ex. Hydroflask or seal...
- Sat Jan 25, 2020 12:06 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Lecture Notes Last Friday 1/17/20
- Replies: 2
- Views: 86
Lecture Notes Last Friday 1/17/20
Could anybody kindly send me the lecture notes from last Friday 1/17/20? My email is radhapatel777@me.com. Or could anyone explain the main components from that lecture?
- Sat Jan 25, 2020 11:54 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Reversible Expansion
- Replies: 2
- Views: 57
Re: Reversible Expansion
A reversible process is a process that can be being reversed by an infinitesimal change in a parameter of the system. The process does not increase entropy.
- Sat Jan 25, 2020 11:37 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Hess's Law
- Replies: 5
- Views: 134
Re: Hess's Law
Hess's Law states that the total change in enthalpy in a reaction is the sum of all energy changes in the reaction. It does not depend on the pathway needed to reach the end point of the reaction, as Professor Lavelle had explained with the mountain example, the enthalpy change does not depend on th...
- Sat Jan 25, 2020 11:03 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Melting and freezing
- Replies: 7
- Views: 220
Re: Melting and freezing
Yes, it is an exothermic process because as a liquid converts to a solid, pressure and heat are being released. Heat has to be removed from the liquid in order for it to become solid.
- Sat Jan 25, 2020 11:00 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Celsius and Kelvin
- Replies: 11
- Views: 380
Re: Celsius and Kelvin
Celsius and Kelvin are not the same, to keep your answer accurate, it is best to use Kelvin when you are given Celsius.
- Sat Jan 25, 2020 10:58 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: exothermic reactions
- Replies: 19
- Views: 1852
Re: exothermic reactions
Exothermic reactions release heat when temperature increases, that heat is then favored towards the reactants where the heat is being absorbed. It also increases the product, so the reactants must increase to compensate for the rise in products.
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 11:48 am
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: pKa and pKb
- Replies: 17
- Views: 805
Re: pKa and pKb
pka = -log(ka)
pkb=-log(kb)
pka+pkb=pkw
pkw = 14.00 at 25 degrees celsius
ka= 10^-pka
kb=10^-pkb
ka x kb = kw
pkb=-log(kb)
pka+pkb=pkw
pkw = 14.00 at 25 degrees celsius
ka= 10^-pka
kb=10^-pkb
ka x kb = kw
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 11:44 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Solids and Liquids in K
- Replies: 3
- Views: 167
Re: Solids and Liquids in K
In addition to what the previous person had said, adding gases in a solution can change K when the temperature changes
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 11:43 am
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: ice table
- Replies: 5
- Views: 212
Re: ice table
yes, solids and liquids are excluded from ice tables as they add no significance to the solutions equilibrium
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 11:41 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Weak acids & bases
- Replies: 7
- Views: 297
Re: Weak acids & bases
(changed concentration/ initial concentration ) (100%)
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 11:39 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Kw temperature
- Replies: 8
- Views: 135
Re: Kw temperature
25 degrees celsius
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 4:43 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Difference between Kc and Kp??
- Replies: 2
- Views: 144
Re: Difference between Kc and Kp??
Kc is the equilibrium constant for aqueous solutions. kc=[P]/[R]. Kp is the equilibrium constant for gas phases. kp= (P)/(R)
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 4:39 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Bars vs atmospheres
- Replies: 13
- Views: 286
Re: Bars vs atmospheres
Both are applicable because they are units of pressure. On google it says that bars is smaller than atmospheric pressure, so keep your units consistent (: .
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 4:32 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: ICE tables
- Replies: 3
- Views: 75
Re: ICE tables
I think Lavelle suggested ICE tables as a way for you to keep your work organized, but i don't think it matters as long as you show your work.
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 4:27 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Equilibrium vs. Non-Equilibrium
- Replies: 4
- Views: 128
Re: Equilibrium vs. Non-Equilibrium
I think the question will provide a value for K then you would have to find the value of Q or it will provide Q and you would have to find K. And then you would use the values of K and Q to determine if they are at equilibrium if both K and Q are the same.
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 4:22 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Q and direction
- Replies: 4
- Views: 255
Re: Q and direction
When Q < K at the same time during the reaction then R > P and the forward reaction is favored
When Q > K at the the same time during the reaction , then P > R and reverse reaction is favored.
When Q = K at the same time during the reaction then it is at equilibrium.
When Q > K at the the same time during the reaction , then P > R and reverse reaction is favored.
When Q = K at the same time during the reaction then it is at equilibrium.
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 4:14 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: When to use Kc vs Kp
- Replies: 7
- Views: 174
Re: When to use Kc vs Kp
kc refers to aqueous solutions and kp refers to the gas phase. One thing to highlight is that when you use kc, the general way to indicate that it is an aqueous solution is with brackets ( kc= [P]/[R] ) and with kp you indicate it with parentheses ( kp=(P)/(R) )
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 11:46 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Fe------ferrate? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1299
Re: Fe------ferrate? [ENDORSED]
All anionic complexes have the transition metal ending in "ate" The complex [Fe(CN)6] 4- has an anionic charge of 4- making the Fe--- Ferrate. Im not absolutely sure about cyano, but I think it is because it is a charge of -1, making it also an anion. And for neutral atoms it would be cyan...
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 11:37 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory Applied To Transition Metals
- Topic: prefix
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1179
Re: prefix
Tip : do not consider prefixes when naming the coordination compound alphabetically, but still include the prefixes in the name.
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 11:28 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Ionic Character
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1499
Re: Ionic Character
Oxygen is more electronegative than Cl because electronegativity decreases down the columns and increases across. Thus, O is more electronegative than P
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 11:20 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Lewis Acids and Bases
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1299
Re: Lewis Acids and Bases
Lewis Acid : electron pair acceptor
Lewis : electron pair donor
Say if you draw the lewis structure NH3 + BF3 , you will notice that the lone pair on N from NH3 will be accepted by BF3, making NH3 the base and BF3 the acid
Lewis : electron pair donor
Say if you draw the lewis structure NH3 + BF3 , you will notice that the lone pair on N from NH3 will be accepted by BF3, making NH3 the base and BF3 the acid
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 11:15 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: What are polydentate ligands ?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 733
What are polydentate ligands ?
Can someone explain how you can tell if a ligand is a monodentate , bidentate, triedentate ligand etc... ?
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 11:07 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Geometry vs molecular shape
- Replies: 6
- Views: 970
Re: Geometry vs molecular shape
Molecular Geometry : bonds
Electronic Geometry/ arrangement : Bonds and lone pairs
Electronic Geometry/ arrangement : Bonds and lone pairs
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 11:01 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: How to tell?
- Replies: 11
- Views: 870
Re: How to tell?
Typically acids have a hydrogen atom. For instance HCl and HPO+
Also acids can typically gain a hydrogen atom for solutions involving water for instance NH3 + H2O (double arrows in both directions) NH4^+ OH^-
H2O is the acid and NH4^+ is the conjugate acid
Also acids can typically gain a hydrogen atom for solutions involving water for instance NH3 + H2O (double arrows in both directions) NH4^+ OH^-
H2O is the acid and NH4^+ is the conjugate acid
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 10:54 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: How to determine which bond is more covalent?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 2223
Re: How to determine which bond is more covalent?
F-Cl would be more covalent because they share an equal amount of valence electrons thus having it be nonpolar while P-O would be less strong as a covalent bond because they share a different amount of valence electrons. Some things to keep in mind is that ionic bonds are atoms are metal + nonmetal ...
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 10:37 pm
- Forum: Sigma & Pi Bonds
- Topic: Importance of Sigma/Pi Bonds
- Replies: 5
- Views: 583
Re: Importance of Sigma/Pi Bonds
They help give us the shape of the molecule by giving a 3D interpretation.
Pi bonds are perpendicular to the plane of hybrid orbitals which are sigma bonds.
Pi bonds are perpendicular to the plane of hybrid orbitals which are sigma bonds.
- Sun Jul 28, 2019 10:33 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Bronsted and Lewis Acids and Bases
- Replies: 2
- Views: 471
Re: Bronsted and Lewis Acids and Bases
Bronsted Acids - Proton donor
Bronsted Bases - proton acceptor
Lewis Acids- electron pair acceptor
Lewis Bases - electron pair donor
Arrhenius Acids - forms H+ / H3O+ ions in (aq) solution
Arrhenius Bases - forms OH- ions in (aq) solution
Bronsted Bases - proton acceptor
Lewis Acids- electron pair acceptor
Lewis Bases - electron pair donor
Arrhenius Acids - forms H+ / H3O+ ions in (aq) solution
Arrhenius Bases - forms OH- ions in (aq) solution
- Sat Jul 20, 2019 6:57 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Central Atom
- Replies: 7
- Views: 935
Re: Central Atom
The central atom is restricted to the element that has the lowest ionization energy. Fluorine (as far as I know) has the highest ionization energy, so whatever element that has a higher ionization energy than Fluorine would allow Fluorine to be the central atom.
- Sat Jul 20, 2019 6:51 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: pi bonds
- Replies: 3
- Views: 859
Re: pi bonds
I might not be able to answer this question correctly, but I think because pi bonds do not allow bound atoms to rotate, so I think the electron densities would be pointed in one direction instead of both in and out.
- Sat Jul 20, 2019 6:44 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Inter and Intra
- Replies: 8
- Views: 2526
Re: Inter and Intra
Intra means within, this is one dipole
Intermolecular is between two dipoles that make a bond and can be easily broken.
ClH----ClH
ClH is the intramolecular force
The dashed lines are the intermolecular force
Another example is
H2O-----H2O
Intermolecular is between two dipoles that make a bond and can be easily broken.
ClH----ClH
ClH is the intramolecular force
The dashed lines are the intermolecular force
Another example is
H2O-----H2O
- Sat Jul 20, 2019 6:41 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarizing Power [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1214
Re: Polarizing Power [ENDORSED]
High Polarizing Power: Smaller cations that have higher positive charges, cations with the same radius, the higher the charge is
Li+ is the highest of polarizing power among alkali metal ions
Li+ is the highest of polarizing power among alkali metal ions
- Sat Jul 20, 2019 6:34 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Which do you prioritize first
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1143
Re: Which do you prioritize first
Valence electrons because you need to know the number of valence electrons for a certain structure in order to make bonds and lone pairs before you start adding formal charges.
- Sat Jul 20, 2019 6:33 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Radicals
- Replies: 7
- Views: 954
Re: Radicals
Radicals are unequal pairs of electrons that can be found when you are given a compound. For instance, the compound OF has 13 valence electrons. This is an unequal pair of electrons because 13 does not make an equal pair of electrons since it is an odd number, one electron will be left by itself.
- Sat Jul 13, 2019 2:09 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarizability vs. Polarizing Power
- Replies: 3
- Views: 463
Re: Polarizability vs. Polarizing Power
Polarizability -
- Generally for anions, are electrons that are further away from the nucleus
- more energy shells = more polarizability
Polarizing power- Generally for cations, are less electrons closer to the nucleus
- less electron shells = more polarizing power
- Generally for anions, are electrons that are further away from the nucleus
- more energy shells = more polarizability
Polarizing power- Generally for cations, are less electrons closer to the nucleus
- less electron shells = more polarizing power
- Sat Jul 13, 2019 1:58 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular forces
- Replies: 5
- Views: 817
Re: Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular forces
Intermolecular forces : Forces that hold molecules in a substance
Intramolecular forces: Forces that hold atoms in a molecule
Intramolecular forces are stronger because they contain covalent, ionic, and metal bonds.
Intramolecular forces: Forces that hold atoms in a molecule
Intramolecular forces are stronger because they contain covalent, ionic, and metal bonds.
- Sat Jul 13, 2019 1:51 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Orbitals beyond f-
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1048
Re: Orbitals beyond f-
I think you are absolutely true because electrons can jump to higher energy levels when excited which means they can also jump to higher energy orbitals. On the contrary, if you want an electron to remain in the g orbital or beyond, you probably need a significant amount of energy and the ability to...
- Sat Jul 13, 2019 1:29 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Valence electrons
- Replies: 4
- Views: 546
Re: Valence electrons
Elements in the d block are transition metals, so they normally express valence electron from the s orbital. For example, Fe has 2 valence electrons because the electron configuration is 1s^2 2s^2 2p6 3s2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^5. Notice that both ns^2 have 2 electrons so we have 2 valence electrons. Another ...
- Sat Jul 13, 2019 1:15 pm
- Forum: General Science Questions
- Topic: Reasoning for Al amphoteric
- Replies: 3
- Views: 660
Re: Reasoning for Al amphoteric
According to what I found from google, depending on what Al reacts with, makes the reaction as a base or acid. For instance when Al(OH)3 s + 3HCl aq ==> AlCl3 aq + 3H2O reacts as a base in acidic conditions. This is possible as we know that anything with -OH is a base. However, I think it may be bec...
- Sat Jul 13, 2019 1:07 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Orbitals beyond f-
- Replies: 4
- Views: 1048
Re: Orbitals beyond f-
I think the reason for this is because there are more elements beyond what the periodic table provides, but those elements remain unknown. I read somewhere that there are elements beyond 121 that make up the g orbital. However, maybe it is possible to compute them based on the patterns given from th...
- Sat Jul 13, 2019 12:56 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Ground State
- Replies: 13
- Views: 1412
Re: Ground State
So Copper can't have a d-orbital 3d^9 because any atom written as 3d^9 or 3d^4 has to have its electrons evened out in the d orbital subshell, so it becomes [Ar] 3d^10. If you set up a d orbital sub shell for 3d^10 , you will be able to fill 2 electrons for each of the 5 orbitals to make 10 electron...
- Sun Jul 07, 2019 5:49 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: De Broglie's equation [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1109
Re: De Broglie's equation [ENDORSED]
De Broglie's equation proves that all matter has wavelike properties. Thus, it can be used to to find the wavelength of a proton or an electron by simply using the mass of a proton or electron and velocity.
- Sun Jul 07, 2019 5:45 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Light variables
- Replies: 3
- Views: 966
Re: Light variables
Aside from the speed of light, if you were given the variables from the de Broglie's equation, you can solve for the wavelength and therefore use this wavelength in the equation c = wavelength x frequency.
- Sun Jul 07, 2019 5:40 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Speed of Light
- Replies: 41
- Views: 2596
Re: Speed of Light
The speed of light is constant, it helps maintain the equation c= wavelength x frequency by allowing wavelength and frequency to be inversely related.
- Sun Jul 07, 2019 5:37 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Photo electric effect
- Replies: 7
- Views: 883
Re: Photo electric effect
The vacuum prevents air molecules from electrons emitted from being mixed.
- Sun Jul 07, 2019 5:35 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: How do we know that an electron can't be between an energy level?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 554
How do we know that an electron can't be between an energy level?
Why do energy levels have to be integers without decimals. For instance, the principle quantum number of an electron moves from energy level n=1 to n=2 when it absorbs light. Why couldn't this electron have moved to n=1.5? How do we know energy levels exist?
- Mon Jul 01, 2019 6:36 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Do we need to know how to set up a net ionic equation for test 1? [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 1
- Views: 316
Do we need to know how to set up a net ionic equation for test 1? [ENDORSED]
Question M9 on the section for Limiting Reactants asks to write the net ionic equation for the reaction?
How do we determine what is "net"? Will be asked on Test 1 to set up a net ionic equation?
How do we determine what is "net"? Will be asked on Test 1 to set up a net ionic equation?
- Mon Jul 01, 2019 6:30 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: M.9 part a
- Replies: 3
- Views: 454
Re: M.9 part a
So do we still include NaOH in this equation, what do you mean by net molecule?
Also, how exactly do we approach this problem to set up a balanced equation?
Also, how exactly do we approach this problem to set up a balanced equation?
- Sat Jun 29, 2019 9:35 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Test Studying Strategies
- Replies: 6
- Views: 671
Re: Test Studying Strategies
I normally do these: review homework problems, ask questions about things I don't understand, and try my best to comprehensively understand the word problems we are given.
- Sat Jun 29, 2019 9:32 pm
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: How to distinguish limiting or excess reactant.
- Replies: 5
- Views: 589
Re: How to distinguish limiting or excess reactant.
The limiting reactant is only when there is little of a certain molecule in the reactant that limits how much there should be in the end product. In this case both sides of the equation are equivalent.
- Sat Jun 29, 2019 9:25 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Numbers to memorize [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 37
- Views: 3827
Re: Numbers to memorize [ENDORSED]
There will be chemical formulas and equations given on the exam, including a periodic table.
- Sat Jun 29, 2019 9:21 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: What does dilution mean in a chemistry problem?
- Replies: 8
- Views: 803
What does dilution mean in a chemistry problem?
Does dilution mean you are adding or subtracting the amount of liters in a solution ?
- Thu Jun 27, 2019 10:12 am
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: Stoichiometric reactions
- Replies: 5
- Views: 3029
Stoichiometric reactions
Could someone explain how you are supposed to understand stoichiometric reactions. For instance, in the chemical equation N2(g) +3H2(g) -> 2NH3 (g), how and why is 1 mol N2 chemically equivalent to 3 mol H2 and 2 mol NH3?
- Wed Jun 26, 2019 10:06 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: Moles and Molarity HW Problem E.29b
- Replies: 2
- Views: 365
Moles and Molarity HW Problem E.29b
The homework question for E29 b says "How many moles of Cl- ions are present in the sample?" The sample is 8.61g of CuCl2 x 4H20 , the moles of this sample is 0.0417. The answer to this problem is .0834 mol Cl- Why do we have to multiply 0.0417 mols twice? Doesn't 0.0417 represent the enti...