CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

jeffreygong1I

C10H16N2O8

jeffreygong1I

Heisenberg's equation is uncertainty in position times uncertainty in momentum is greater than or equal to h/4pi. Basically the problem will probably tell you the uncertainty of the position or the velocity and make you find the other.

jeffreygong1I

Lewis acids/bases don't necessarily involve protons being donated or accepted, so something can be amphoteric without being amphiprotic.

jeffreygong1I

Yes, the metal is part of the ring. Any Polydentate ligand is a chelating ligand

jeffreygong1I

Yes, the oxidation number will have to make the stuff inside the brackets the opposite charge to the stuff outside, if the whole thing is neutral

jeffreygong1I

A ligand can be polydentate if it has lone pairs on different atoms

jeffreygong1I

There's a band of elements whose oxides are amphoteric between the metals and the nonmetals: Be, Al, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb

jeffreygong1I

There's a band of elements whose oxides are amphoteric between the metals and the nonmetals: Be, Al, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb

jeffreygong1I

If a molecule has more electronegative atoms like Cl or F attached to it, they pull away the electron density from the H-central atom bond and therefore make that bond weaker and the acid stronger.

jeffreygong1I

a.The Cl atoms in trichloroacetic acids pull electron density away from the O, making the O's hold on the H weaker and the acid therefore is stronger
b. Formic acid is stronger because the CH3 in acetic acid is an electron donating group that makes the H harder to remove.

jeffreygong1I

We'll probably be asked to tell whether one bond has more or less ionic/covalent character than another bond, with atomic trends making the answer unambiguous.

jeffreygong1I

a. The Lewis structure should be all the other atoms single bonded to Sb with no lone pairs. Four bonded atoms and no lone pairs-> tetrahedral b. Same as a, tetrahedral c. The lewis strucutre should be all the other atoms single bonded to I with 1 lone pair. Four bonded atoms and 1 lone pair-> seesaw

jeffreygong1I

Polar compounds have a higher boiling/melting point and are more soluble in water than nonpolar componds.

jeffreygong1I

Probably because hydrogen doesn't have very many protons

jeffreygong1I

You don't need to know the exact bond angle, just what they are less or greater than.

jeffreygong1I

If the first didn't have lone pairs then the shape wouldn't be bent-- it would be much more energy efficient to be linear. The second could have three lone pairs on it and have that shape, or it could have no lone pairs.

jeffreygong1I

So2's structure is resonant between one single bond, one double bond and two double bonds. So for the first structure there are 2 sigma bonds, one in the single bond, one in the double bond, and one pi bond in the double bond, and the second structure has two pi bonds and two sigma bonds

jeffreygong1I

Bigger negative potential energy means it takes more energy to bring the potential energy back up past zero and split the molecule apart, so the attraction is stronger

jeffreygong1I

I think elements can break the octet rule as long as they are n=3 or higher, since then they would have d-orbitals to put electrons in.

jeffreygong1I

Just find the wavelength of light with energy equal to the work function.

jeffreygong1I

II has the negatively charged CL atoms and the positively charged H atoms closest to each other, so the forces are strongest.

jeffreygong1I

b,c, and d have dipole-dipole interaction since they have atoms with large electronegativity differences, and thus create partial chatges. a and e don't have any dipole-dipole interactions since it only has positive charge/negative charge in the outer atoms.

jeffreygong1I

Cl has more electrons than H, so it creates more attraction between the atoms.

jeffreygong1I

Ion-dipole is between the charge on an ion and the partial charge polar molecule, induced dipole is between the partial charge on a polar molecule and the partial charge on a nonpolar molecule created by the partial charge on the polar molecule.

jeffreygong1I

I think it just means the lewis structure with the smallest formal charges on each atom.

jeffreygong1I

For a the difference is that multiple bonds(double or triple) are shorter than single bonds, and for b the difference is that P is a bigger atom, so the length is naturally longer.

jeffreygong1I

O, N, Cl, Br. Since O is the most electronegative it is the least polarizable(most difficult to remove electrons from. N is slightly less electronegative than O, and Cl and Br are easy to polarize since they are much larger.

jeffreygong1I

I think the less polarizable an atom is the less ionic its bonds are, and greater electronegativity difference is more ionic.

jeffreygong1I

Electron affinity is a measured value, of the energy released when the element in its gaseous state gains an electron. Electronegativity is a calculated value denoting how well something attracts electrons

jeffreygong1I

For the first pair it is a), as the formal charges of the F and Os are zero(8-(6+4/2)=0, 7-(6+2/2)=0).
For the second pair it is a), as the formal charges of the Os and C are zero(6-(4+4/2)=0, 4-(0+8/2)=0)

jeffreygong1I

Apparently it's super complicated, but it has something to do with electron repulsions between the electrons in the same orbital, and how close the orbital energies are to each other when the atom is so big?

jeffreygong1I

f has seven, since each subsequent subshell has two more orbitals.

jeffreygong1I

It just means that most atoms prefer to have(are most stable with) eight valence electrons, although there are exceptions...

jeffreygong1I

It's an ion so the number of bonds it can have are different than usual.

jeffreygong1I

It influences it a lot. More electrons means higher orbitals have to filled to fit all the electrons in, and therefore the radius of the atom should increase. In this problem, each atom has the same amount of electrons, but some have fewer protons, and therefore, pull the electrons in less, and have...

jeffreygong1I

Start by writing out the electron configuration. The electron should come from the orbital with the highest energy, which is the last orbital in the configuration.

Also what you've written here is question 18.

jeffreygong1I

It tells you which specific orbital the electron is in. For example, the angular momentum quantum number might say the electron is in an p-orbital, but the magnetic quantum quantum number tells you whether it's in the orbital along the x-axis, y-axis, or z-axis.

jeffreygong1I

As I understand it, the shape of the path can change if it goes up to a different kind of orbital, but it doesn't have to.

jeffreygong1I

The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that no two electrons can share the same four quantum numbers. Since three of the quantum numbers specify an orbital and the last quantum number, specifying spin, can only have two numbers, each orbital can only have two electrons.

jeffreygong1I

I worked through it a bunch of times and can't get 8.8 nm either. IDK what's happening here.

jeffreygong1I

It just means every series of spectral lines come from electrons falling to the same energy level. For example, Lyman series spectral lines are all created from electrons from energy level of 2 or more falling to energy level 1, and Ballmer series are 3 and above falling to 2.

jeffreygong1I

I think none of the answers would be different for hydrogen, since energy of an electron, n, and l would always increase when an electron jumps from 1s to 2p, and neither hydrogen or lithium have electrons in 2p, so both would have their radius increase.

jeffreygong1I

Atomic spectra come from absorbing and re-emitting of light energy, so it can't be B or D. It also can't be C because it should have nothing to do with the speed of the hydrogen atoms, it should have to do with the energy levels of the electrons. So it's A.

jeffreygong1I

It's asking which equation isn't of the photoelectric effect. The first three equations are all the photoelectric effect equations, because e(excess) and EK(e-) are the same thing, hv is the formula for the energy of a photon, the work function is the energy required to remove an electron, and the e...

jeffreygong1I

You should round off only at the very end and keep everything in the intermediate calculations(or keep, like, 2 extra decimal places, I guess).

jeffreygong1I

Pretty sure if it asks for the molarity of CuSO4 you have to isolate the mass of the CuSO4. The H2Os probably become part of the solution at that point.

jeffreygong1I

Wait, so the book misprinted FeBr8 as FeBr2 in the last equation, right? Okay, that makes way more sense. I wasted so much time on this.

jeffreygong1I

When an atom splits during a fission reaction, the products are slightly less massive than the original because part of the mass is converted into energy. Also, atoms can be destroyed by reacting with antimatter, and apparently matter can be created by something called pair production, but don't ask...

jeffreygong1I

Also when you get those really annoying equations where nothing fits well you can put coefficients down as fractions to balance the equation and multiply everything later.

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