CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Ashley Osorio

What's the transition metal and ligands of it in vitamin B12?

Ashley Osorio

Is there a specific reason why CHOOH or CH3COOH is written with two OO's and not O2??

Ashley Osorio

NH3 has 4 areas of electron density- three bonded regions and one region with a lone pair. Therefore, the hybridization is sp3.

Ashley Osorio

How would one phrase number 36C?? Also, 36B is both Amphoteric and amphiprotic, right?

Ashley Osorio

Today, Lavelle explained how Oxoacids have to have their hydrogens bonded with an oxygen because that's how they're structured. Are there any similar rules to this??

Ashley Osorio

Can you elaborate on that? What are we looking for when comparing the pH and pKa?

Ashley Osorio

When we are drawing a normal molecule, how do we know where each go? For example, for C5H5NO2, what stops me from bonding carbons to Oxygens only or to Hydrogens only. How do we determine the correct, biological order they are supposed to be in????

Ashley Osorio

How can we determine the polarity just from the VSPER formula?? Pls explain

Ashley Osorio

Can someone explain why the trend makes sense with details?

Ashley Osorio

All the same.

Ashley Osorio

A while ago, Lavelle emphasized the fact that Sigma bonds allowed rotation while Pi bonds did not are were rigid. How is this relevant to now? How did it relate to what we learned after?

Ashley Osorio

So ligands only exist when talking about transition metals?

Ashley Osorio

Yes, it has a bent molecular shape. But its AX2E1

Ashley Osorio

Thanks!!

Ashley Osorio

I believe so. Since those with resonance structures are basically made up of all of those resonance structures, all electrons involved are delocalized.

Ashley Osorio

Remember, electronegativity increases going up the periodic table. Since Cl is above Br, Cl is more electronegative.

Ashley Osorio

NH3 is basic with an 11 pH. When an electron is added, creating NH4+, the pH decreased and it became more acidic. Why did adding an electron do this to the acidity?

Ashley Osorio

What do you refer to when you say equilibrium constant?

Ashley Osorio

Why is the concentration of [H30+] the same as [H+]?

Ashley Osorio

So because they (typically) completely dissolve in water, they have no Ka value. Can only strong acids do this then? Have no Ka value?

Ashley Osorio

According to this website at https://employees.csbsju.edu/cschaller/Reactivity/mechreview/UMintermed.htm , The larger the atom, and the further the electrons from the nucleus, the more polarizable it is. The more polarizable the atom, the more stable the anion. Within a row of the periodic table, t...

Ashley Osorio

Are there any exceptions to this??

Ashley Osorio

How can we tell the difference between a structure with localized electrons versus delocalized electrons?

Ashley Osorio

Can someone further explain this? I still don't understand how this is polar. No matter where the two Cl remain within the tetrahedral shape, the dipoles won't face the same way, so how can it be polar? Or is any molecule polar as long as their dipoles don't cancel????

Ashley Osorio

In the problem, only two bonds are shown to be connected on either side of Oxygen. So, that means that Oxygen must have 2 lone pairs to complete its octet. So, its actual molecular shape is a bent tetrahedral whose angles are 109.5!

Ashley Osorio

What does that mean?

Ashley Osorio

Nathan Rothschild_3D wrote:Does anyone know what page in the book has all of the shapes?

I think page 113 is a good start

Ashley Osorio

205150314 wrote:why do we need to give bonds a secondary name? what do the names mean?

Yeah, why does it matter? It feels like they have no other significance other than giving bonds a new name.

Ashley Osorio

The london forces between Br2 and I2 are stronger than in F2 and Cl2 because Br2 and I2 are bigger in size and have a higher polarizability. Remember, london forces are stronger when there is more surface area that it can interact with. Since Br2 and I2 have a stronger london force, it takes more en...

Ashley Osorio

Think of polarizability as "How easily can this atom lose an electron". If it has high polarizability, it'll be really easy for it to lose an electron and vice versa. Bigger atoms have higher polarizability because the bigger an atom is, the more electrons they, and the more electrons they...

Ashley Osorio

Yeah, doesn't ether also have H bonds? They're bonded to the carbon just as in Butanol, so what's the difference? Is it because unlike in Ether, theres a carbon bonded to an Oxygen? If so, why is this important??

Ashley Osorio

@ Maddie, smaller radius makes an electron more polarizable because when the electron is smaller, the valence electrons are closer to the nucleus- it's harder to take them away from the atom. It's easier to take them away from an atom with a big radius because the valence electrons are shielded from...

Ashley Osorio

oh my gosh you're right, thank you

Ashley Osorio

The answer for 8B was 6.78x1014 Hz and the next questions asks if the students can see it. Answer key says yes but how is that possible if it doesn't fall under the visible region??

Ashley Osorio

Since its a combustion, wouldn't it be C10H14N2+ O2--> N2

Ashley Osorio

Write a balanced combustion reaction for solid nicotine (C10H14N2). (Hint: The reaction produces N2 gas). How can we balance it when both sides don't have Oxygen? Or does it? How are we supposed to figure this out?

Ashley Osorio

When people ask how expanded octets happen, they keep saying that its because the p elements in the third period and on have a d orbital that can accommodate for more electrons. But I still don't understand why and how having a d orbital allows the 3p or higher elements to be able to accommodate mor...

Ashley Osorio

How do we know when a molecule is meant to be a radical? Can someone give an example other than CH3?? Thank you :(

Also, I understand how radicals are an exception to the octet rule, but is that all their importance is tied to? Why are they important to know??

Ashley Osorio

Wait, when we get a bond with resonance, do we draw all the possible lewis structures AND their formal charges?? thats a lot haha

Ashley Osorio

This excerpt from the book helped me a bit figuring this out. "If there is doubt, a good rule of thumb for molecules other than compounds of hydrogen is to choose as the central atom the element with the lowest ionization energy. This arrangement often results in the lowest energy because an at...

Ashley Osorio

Do we always try to keep d full? When do we start taking away from d?

Ashley Osorio

Just to be sure: The big factors that affect a multi-electron's energy to keep in mind are their n and l values (because of electron probability distribution), their effective nuclear charge, & "shielding"/penetration. Is there something else I should also take into account?

Ashley Osorio

If the equation is Zeff= Z-S, and s is the number of non-valence electrons, does that mean that s is basically just the atomic number minus the valence electrons?
so is zeff= atomic number- (atomic number-valence e)?

Ashley Osorio

How can we figure out which orbital corresponds to each element? Taking Sulfur, for example, which p orbital (px,py,pz) does it hold and how can we figure it out?

Ashley Osorio

How do we determine an element from the quantum numbers? I mean, without knowing where the element is on the periodic table, we can't figure out ml, can't we? So, is it possible?

Ashley Osorio

We focus on the l values here. For a, since l=1, that means ml can be -1,0, or 1. That's a total of three values, so it has 3 orbitals (this applies to c as well). However, I'm actually lost as how to solve b and d. Does the fact that we have an ml value change the number of orbitals, or does it sti...

Ashley Osorio

I understand the result from their position, but what does that have to do with anything? What does it affect??

Ashley Osorio

We use spdf in order to make up their orbital configurations.

Ashley Osorio

It al depends on the information you have before hand and what you're trying to find.

Ashley Osorio

From my understanding, black bodies is a misleading name because they're actually glowing white from how hot they are. Basically, they do absorb all wavelengths, but they don't reflect light, they radiate it. The amount of light emitted then depends on the temperature of the object being heated.

Ashley Osorio

He got the value c from the speed of light.

Ashley Osorio

Adding on to this question, why is there a dot between CuSo4 • 5H2O? What does it mean? Is it any different as to if they were completely together??

Ashley Osorio

I've had that same problem! I know we have to compare the values to each other to see which is the limiting reactant and which is in excess, but I don't know how to do that when the numbers aren't as simple as a 1:2 ratio. But, I THINK that the way to do it is to multiply by the reciprocal of the ra...

Ashley Osorio

This excerpt from the book cleared that up for me because I was stumped on the idea of formula units too. " e molar mass of an element is the mass per mole of its atoms. e molar mass of a molecular compound is the mass per mole of its molecules. e molar mass of an ionic compound is the mass per...

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