Search found 69 matches
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 3:43 pm
- Forum: Industrial Examples
- Topic: Chemotherapy
- Replies: 22
- Views: 1765
Re: Chemotherapy
Cisplatin is an example of a chemotherapy drug that stops cancer.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 3:42 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: pH and hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 229
Re: pH and hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations
A solution has a lower pH if it has more hydronium ions. It has a higher pH if it has more hyroxide ions.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 3:41 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: cisplatin vs transplatin?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 258
Re: cisplatin vs transplatin?
Cisplatin has the Cl atoms on the same side while transplatin has them on opposite sides. By having Cl on the same side, cisplatin is able to block DNA.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 3:39 pm
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: amphiprotic vs. amphoteric
- Replies: 1
- Views: 199
Re: amphiprotic vs. amphoteric
Amphiprotic describes a molecule that can both accept and donate a H+ ions. Amphoteric describes molecules that can act as an acid or a base in general. All amphiprotic substances are also amphoteric but not all amphoteric substances are amphiprotic.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 3:37 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: 6c.19 f
- Replies: 4
- Views: 333
Re: 6c.19 f
Electronegativity and bond strengths both play a factor in determining acid strength. Since it is more electronegative, it becomes more polar which makes it easier to dissociate.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 3:29 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Molecular formula for long ligands
- Replies: 2
- Views: 239
Re: Molecular formula for long ligands
We are allowed to write the abbreviations for the specified ligands from the naming sheet
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 3:26 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: solutions of weak acids and bases
- Replies: 1
- Views: 153
Re: solutions of weak acids and bases
Salts of weak acids produce basic solutions because the resulting anion attracts the H from water to produce OH-. The salts of weak bases produce acidic solutions because the resulting cation gives off an H to the water to make H30+. This occurs because the weak base/acid does not completely dissoci...
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 1:10 am
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Lone pairs
- Replies: 6
- Views: 369
Re: Lone pairs
If the lone pairs are on opposite sides then they cancel out. An example of this would be XeF4 since it is square planar and all the dipole movements from the Fs and electron pairs are negated.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 7:26 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: hybridization
- Replies: 2
- Views: 236
Re: hybridization
Hybridization is when 2 orbitals blend together. This is why carbon is capable of having 4 electron bonding spots despite only having 2 electrons in the p orbital. When the s and p orbital combine it forms 4 electron pair spots.
- Sat Nov 30, 2019 6:00 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Identifying lewis acids and bases
- Replies: 4
- Views: 242
Re: Identifying lewis acids and bases
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors while Lewis bases are electron pair donors.
- Sat Nov 30, 2019 5:55 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Bronsted Acids and Bases
- Replies: 3
- Views: 210
Re: Bronsted Acids and Bases
Yes, water can act like both an acid and a base. Amphoteric compounds have this characteristic. Water and Al2O3 are examples of amphoteric compounds.
- Sat Nov 30, 2019 5:52 pm
- Forum: *Stereochemistry
- Topic: Isomers
- Replies: 2
- Views: 741
Re: Isomers
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula, but different atom arrangements within the molecule. Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and same atom arrangement.
- Sat Nov 30, 2019 5:48 pm
- Forum: Identifying Acidic & Basic Salts
- Topic: salt and water formation
- Replies: 5
- Views: 355
Re: salt and water formation
Yes, this is because the anion of the acid combines with the cation of the base to form a salt. The H combines with the OH to get water.
- Sat Nov 30, 2019 5:46 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Weak/Strong acids
- Replies: 2
- Views: 158
Re: Weak/Strong acids
Strong acids completely deprotonate. A good way to tell if something is a strong acid is if the resulting anion is stable.
- Sat Nov 30, 2019 5:42 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: pH out of the 0-14 scale
- Replies: 2
- Views: 229
Re: pH out of the 0-14 scale
If it is negative then that substance is a super strong acid. If it is above 14 then that substance is a super strong base.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 11:07 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: benzene polarity
- Replies: 4
- Views: 535
Re: benzene polarity
Benzene is nonpolar since all the dipole moments cancel out.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 11:06 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: transition metals
- Replies: 1
- Views: 126
Re: transition metals
Electrons are able to go from one molecule another via the transition metal. Since the transition metal can have different charges, it is able to have different amounts of electrons and still be stable.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 11:04 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: oxidation number
- Replies: 1
- Views: 117
Re: oxidation number
You can find the oxidation number of a transition metal by comparing the charges of the anionic ligands to that of the overall charge of the ion.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 11:02 pm
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: resonance bond length
- Replies: 2
- Views: 253
Re: resonance bond length
From least to greatest bond length, it would be triple bond, double bond, double bond with resonance, and then single bond. The double bond with resonance is larger than just the double bond because its bond length is between that of a double bond and a single bond.
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 7:27 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Sigma Bonding
- Replies: 2
- Views: 559
Re: Sigma Bonding
The 2px and 2py orbitals cannot form sigma bonds because the 2pz took up the only spot for the sigma bond. This is because the sigma bond is between the atoms while the pi bond is on the side. Thus, the 2px and 2py orbitals form bonds along the sides of the atom.
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 7:23 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Latin Names of Atoms
- Replies: 4
- Views: 313
Re: Latin Names of Atoms
I think we only need to know the English name.
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 7:09 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: Cisplatin
- Replies: 15
- Views: 718
Re: Cisplatin
Cisplatin stops cancerous cells by stopping DNA reproduction. By having each side of the cisplatin bond with each side of DNA, it prevents the DNA from getting split and therefore copied.
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 7:04 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Ligand
- Replies: 4
- Views: 336
Re: Ligand
The definition of a ligand is a molecule that is bonded with a metal to form a coordination compound.
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 7:03 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Polydentate ligands
- Replies: 1
- Views: 199
Re: Polydentate ligands
A ligand is polydentate if it has more than one bonding atom. H20 is a monodentate despite having two electron pairs because the molecule is not long enough to reach the other bonding site of the metal. Oxalate is bidentate because it can only reach around the metal in two bonding sites.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 1:21 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Interaction Potential Energy
- Replies: 5
- Views: 263
Re: Interaction Potential Energy
Interaction potential energy= kq1q2/r
This equation is important for finding the energy between two molecules.
This equation is important for finding the energy between two molecules.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 1:15 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Polar/non-polar
- Replies: 3
- Views: 144
Re: Polar/non-polar
A molecule is polar if it has dipole movement. It is nonpolar if no dipole movement.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 1:10 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Dipole-Dipole vs. Dipole-Induced Dipole
- Replies: 4
- Views: 630
Re: Dipole-Dipole vs. Dipole-Induced Dipole
A permanent dipole for a molecule occurs when one part of the molecule is more negative than the other part. For example, in water the hydrogen is more positive than the negative oxygen. A temporary dipole can be induced when it is in the presence of another dipole molecule. When the permanent dipol...
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 1:03 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Long pairs
- Replies: 3
- Views: 213
Re: Long pairs
Molecules with lone pairs have smaller bond angles because of the electron repulsion from the lone pairs that pushes other atoms away.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 1:02 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Hydrogen Bonding
- Replies: 2
- Views: 215
Re: Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonding occurs with other atoms that have a high electronegativity. Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine are the usually the only ones that hydrogen reacts with since they are so electronegative.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 3:54 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: hydrogen bonding
- Replies: 2
- Views: 171
Re: hydrogen bonding
The two parts that make up a dimer can be either bonded by a covalent or intermolecular bond. Most proteins are dimers and they can be strong or weak depending on the bond to fit their intended purpose.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 3:49 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Exceptions like Xenon
- Replies: 3
- Views: 235
Re: Exceptions like Xenon
Elements that have access to the d-orbital can have more than 8 electrons.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 3:48 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: States of matter
- Replies: 2
- Views: 125
Re: States of matter
Intermolecular forces affect the states of matter since it changes the level of attraction between molecules that keeps the material as a solid, liquid, or gas.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 3:46 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Polarizability
- Replies: 3
- Views: 141
Re: Polarizability
Polarizability affects the London dispersion force since the molecules get more attracted with each other. As polarizability increases so does the strength of the dispersion force.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 3:40 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: electron cloud distortion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1515
Re: electron cloud distortion
Electron cloud distortion is the polarization of an electronegative atom. It is when the electrons from the electronegative atom move towards the atom with a small atomic radius and high effective nuclear charge since the electrons are attracted to it. This distorts the shape of the electron cloud.
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 5:05 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: How to compare the electronic affinity between two atoms
- Replies: 2
- Views: 130
Re: How to compare the electronic affinity between two atoms
Chlorine has a higher electron affinity because it does not have a full orbital like neon does. You can compare electron negativity since it increases from left to right and up the group. The noble gasses have a low electron affinity since they have 8 valence electrons already.
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 5:02 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: polarizing power
- Replies: 2
- Views: 175
Re: polarizing power
Ions that have a high polarizing power have a small atomic radius and have a high effective nuclear charge.
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:57 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Copper and Chromium Exception
- Replies: 2
- Views: 271
Re: Copper and Chromium Exception
Copper and Chromium are exceptions because it is chemically more stable for them to have a symmetric orbitals instead of a full s-orbital. For copper, it takes one away from the s-orbital to completely fill its d-orbital. For chromium, it takes one away from the s-orbital to have an electron in each...
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:54 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: "Primarily Ionic" Bonds (HW 2D.3)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 137
Re: "Primarily Ionic" Bonds (HW 2D.3)
It is because the electronegativity difference between Ba and Br is greater than or equal to 2 which marks if it has definite ionic properties.
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:48 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Determining most stable Lewis structure
- Replies: 5
- Views: 304
Re: Determining most stable Lewis structure
Symmetry and formal charge are equally important. In question 2B.15, they say that N is the central atom.
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:45 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Octet Exceptions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 246
Re: Octet Exceptions
Elements that have more than 8 electrons can access the d-orbital.
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:43 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: drawing lewis structures
- Replies: 5
- Views: 221
Re: drawing lewis structures
Bromine has 10 electrons because it has access to the d-orbital.
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:41 pm
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Visual structure of resonance structure
- Replies: 3
- Views: 187
Re: Visual structure of resonance structure
In real life, molecules look like a blend of all the different resonance structures that can be drawn since they have the same bond length. You can tell that a molecule has resonance if it you can change the number of bonds between different atoms within a molecule without changing the location of t...
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 3:05 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: many electron atoms
- Replies: 2
- Views: 113
Re: many electron atoms
It includes some of the trends. For example, atomic radius and electron shielding affect the ionization energy of an atom since inner electrons block outer electrons that are far away from the nucleus.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 3:02 pm
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Resonance Structures in relation to Formal Charge
- Replies: 3
- Views: 213
Re: Resonance Structures in relation to Formal Charge
Individual atoms within resonance structures will have different formal charges than other versions. This is because it can have a double bond in one structure and a single bond in another structure which would change the formal charge value of each.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 2:54 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: 1.31
- Replies: 4
- Views: 234
Re: 1.31
First you need to convert the eV into Joules. Then you use that value in Joules in the formula Ek=hc/(wavelenth).
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 2:45 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: hw problem 2A.5
- Replies: 1
- Views: 162
Re: hw problem 2A.5
It is because f is the outermost orbital.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 2:42 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: S-orbitals symmetry
- Replies: 4
- Views: 271
Re: S-orbitals symmetry
The s-orbital is also symmetric because it has sphere properties.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 2:38 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Exceptions in the trends
- Replies: 4
- Views: 318
Re: Exceptions in the trends
Exceptions to the periodic trends are due to that specific atom's electron configuration and Hund's rule. For example, the first ionization energy of Boron is less than that of Beryllium.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 2:33 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Netural atoms.
- Replies: 2
- Views: 154
Re: Netural atoms.
We compare everything to neutral atoms because it gives us a baseline to compare ions and compounds. For example, it helps us understand the differences in ionization energy because it is easier to remove an electron away from a neutral atom instead of a cation.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 11:09 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: 1E.17
- Replies: 2
- Views: 212
Re: 1E.17
An electron will be removed from the orbital that has the highest amount of energy since it is easier to take out.
a.) Ge: 4p since it has two electrons in the p-orbital.
b.) Mn: 4s since 4s has a higher energy state than 3d when it is filled.
c.) Ba: 6s since it has two electrons in the s-orbital.
a.) Ge: 4p since it has two electrons in the p-orbital.
b.) Mn: 4s since 4s has a higher energy state than 3d when it is filled.
c.) Ba: 6s since it has two electrons in the s-orbital.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 11:03 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Clarification on electron configuration
- Replies: 5
- Views: 284
Re: Clarification on electron configuration
He said that we would focus on the first row of the d-block (from Scandium to Zinc).
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 11:02 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Question about electron configurations for multi electron atoms
- Replies: 2
- Views: 178
Re: Question about electron configurations for multi electron atoms
This is because that specific element is more stable if the s-orbital donates an electron to the d-orbital since it makes it more symmetric. Silver is an example of one of these elements. However, the only two exceptions you need to know are Copper and Chromium.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 10:55 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Sequence of Orbitals in a Singl
- Replies: 3
- Views: 252
Re: Sequence of Orbitals in a Singl
The electrons fill up in the different Px, Py, and Pz first as all up spin or down spin. If Px, Py, and Pz each have one electron spinning up, then the next three electrons will form pairs with them in the opposite direction.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 10:52 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Excited State
- Replies: 3
- Views: 198
Re: Excited State
An atom is in an excited state if the electrons are in a higher energy level than normal.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 1:54 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: d orbitals
- Replies: 4
- Views: 163
Re: d orbitals
If the 3d orbital is filled after the 4s orbital, then why does it have less energy? Wouldn't electrons tend to fill subshells with lower energy first? Can someone please explain why this is the case? Thank you! Before the electrons fill up the orbitals, the 4s orbital has less energy than the 3d o...
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 1:37 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Geometric description of shell, subshell, and orbitals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 174
Re: Geometric description of shell, subshell, and orbitals
For me, I visualize the orbitals as spheres connected to or around the nucleus. It helps if you consider the orbitals as regions on the x, y, and z axis where electrons are present instead of a specific ring. The s-orbital has 1 lobes, the p-orbital has 3, the d-orbital has 5, and the f-orbital has ...
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 1:30 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: X,Y,and Z
- Replies: 4
- Views: 199
Re: X,Y,and Z
Hi! This is not an answer, but I would like to add on to the question to ask for someone to explain the planes and the lobes, and how they are incorporated into the orbital notation which I am confused about. Thank you! The planes and the lobes are based off the orbitals. The nodal planes are the p...
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 1:26 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: X,Y,and Z
- Replies: 4
- Views: 199
Re: X,Y,and Z
I think the x, y, and z subscripts only apply to the p-orbitals for Chemistry 14A purposes. You would use it in the p-orbital to indicate the 3 different places that pairs of electrons can go and the spin of the specific electron.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 5:23 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: circular standing wave
- Replies: 2
- Views: 123
Re: circular standing wave
The circular standing wave also shows the general path that the electron follows and how the line must be connected.
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 5:05 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: 'light intensity'
- Replies: 8
- Views: 282
Re: 'light intensity'
Since light has particle and wavelike properties, light intensity depends on which property. In regards to particle properties, light intensity increases when when the number of photons increase. For wavelike properties, the intensity increases with the amplitude of the wave.
- Mon Oct 07, 2019 11:42 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Fractions
- Replies: 34
- Views: 1494
Re: Fractions
They might give you partial credit though even if you leave it in fractions as long as you show your work.
- Mon Oct 07, 2019 11:39 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Writing an Equation for the Reaction
- Replies: 9
- Views: 3695
Re: Writing an Equation for the Reaction
For part a, I got B203 + 3Mg -> 3Mg0 +2B due to Law of Conservation of Mass. For part b, you need to convert the 125 grams of both reactants into the amount of Boron by using the molar mass and the mole ratio from the balanced equation to see which reactant produces less product.
- Mon Oct 07, 2019 11:34 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: When are atoms lost or created?
- Replies: 14
- Views: 1830
Re: When are atoms lost or created?
Atoms can only be destroyed in nuclear reactions.
- Mon Oct 07, 2019 11:32 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Conservation of electrons/protons
- Replies: 7
- Views: 736
Re: Conservation of electrons/protons
Does the charge conservation work for ions too?
- Fri Oct 04, 2019 12:23 am
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: G25 Homework Question Medical Reasoning
- Replies: 1
- Views: 108
Re: G25 Homework Question Medical Reasoning
There can only be health benefits if there are molecules still in the solution. However, since you end up with less than a molecule at the end, it would no longer be beneficial. More molecules would be helpful since it can react in the body more.
- Fri Oct 04, 2019 12:15 am
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: H11
- Replies: 3
- Views: 529
Re: H11
It is easier to balance out the elements that appear the least in the reaction in the beginning and then work your way to oxygen. Also, if it helps write out how many atoms there are on each side of the reaction.
I got 3 Fe2O3+CO ->2 Fe3O4 +CO2 and Fe3O4 + 4 CO -> 3 Fe + 4 CO2.
I got 3 Fe2O3+CO ->2 Fe3O4 +CO2 and Fe3O4 + 4 CO -> 3 Fe + 4 CO2.
- Fri Oct 04, 2019 12:03 am
- Forum: Limiting Reactant Calculations
- Topic: Percent or theoretical yield
- Replies: 14
- Views: 1313
Re: Percent or theoretical yield
Percent yield is the actual yield over the theoretical yield times 100. Theoretical yield is the max amount of a product that can be produced in a given reaction (granted that nothing goes wrong and that everything is precise and accurate).
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 11:55 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: which unit to use
- Replies: 9
- Views: 535
Re: which unit to use
I think it is better to use the SI units since they are more applicable to chemistry, especially when you are doing a lab or stoichiometry.
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 11:52 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Can someone explain why we use kg for mass as the base unit?
- Replies: 9
- Views: 980
Re: Can someone explain why we use kg for mass as the base unit?
It is because kilograms are more useful in real world applications than grams. Kilograms are better for measuring common objects since 4.5 kg of flour is simpler to say than 4500 g of flour.