Search found 112 matches
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 2:36 pm
- Forum: Experimental Details
- Topic: Collision Theory
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1199
Re: Collision Theory
For reactions to occur, collisions btwn reactants must occur. The # of reactants in the elementary step gives us the molecularity and thus the order. Also, these collisions must occur at a correct orientation, which is why we use frequency factor A (a constant) in the Arrhenius equation.
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 2:27 pm
- Forum: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction
- Topic: kinetics
- Replies: 9
- Views: 610
Re: kinetics
I believe it won't occur spontaneously unless you add a catalyst to lower the high activation energy.
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 2:26 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Review Packet
- Replies: 5
- Views: 435
Re: Review Packet
Search "UA Final Review - Kate, Riya, Matthew" for another review packet, it goes over info we learned earlier in the quarter!
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 2:23 pm
- Forum: Zero Order Reactions
- Topic: straight line to fit data
- Replies: 5
- Views: 416
Re: straight line to fit data
Given a graph of a straight line, you need to be able to know what order the reaction is based off the y-axis.
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 2:18 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Study guide question
- Replies: 2
- Views: 296
Re: Study guide question
If the salt contains a basic anion, the dissociation will thus produce OH- instead of H3O+ so you need to use your ice table to find [OH-] and then find pOH.. then convert pOH to pH using the equation pH + pOH = 14
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 11:22 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Homework 10
- Replies: 11
- Views: 644
Re: Homework 10
My TA instructed us to email him a picture of our homework 10
- Fri Mar 06, 2020 9:52 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Arrhenius Equation
- Replies: 6
- Views: 392
Arrhenius Equation
When would we need to use the Arrhenius equation? What is its significance?
- Fri Mar 06, 2020 9:50 pm
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Molecularity
- Replies: 4
- Views: 370
Re: Molecularity
It is unlikely we would be tested on a reaction with 4 reactants because Dr. Lavelle stated in class that even having a termolecular molecularity (3 molecules) is very uncommon
- Fri Mar 06, 2020 9:47 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Reducing/Oxidizing agents
- Replies: 5
- Views: 353
Re: Reducing/Oxidizing agents
A negative standard reduction potential means that the reduction of a substance is NOT favorable, rather, oxidation is favorable (it is a better reducing agent, as it causes other substances to be reduced)
- Fri Mar 06, 2020 9:44 pm
- Forum: Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k)
- Topic: units of k
- Replies: 9
- Views: 666
Re: units of k
I found this video to be very helpful in visualizing why the units are different for zeroth, first, and second-order reactions.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/che ... constant-k
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/che ... constant-k
- Tue Mar 03, 2020 10:07 pm
- Forum: Interesting Applications: Rechargeable Batteries (Cell Phones, Notebooks, Cars), Fuel Cells (Space Shuttle), Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Panels), Electrolysis, Rust
- Topic: Metal as solute
- Replies: 2
- Views: 269
Re: Metal as solute
You know the metal will dissolve in solution if its redox reaction cell potential is more negative than the other reaction's cell potential.
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 8:58 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: REDOX Agents
- Replies: 9
- Views: 724
Re: REDOX Agents
I think of the "agent" part as meaning caused. So if something is an oxidizing agent, it caused oxidation of another substance by taking the e- from the other substance (the oxidizing agent is reduced) & vice versa.
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 8:51 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Acidic and Basic solutions
- Replies: 11
- Views: 668
Re: Acidic and Basic solutions
When they are in acidic solutions, you balance using H2O and H+
For basic solutions, you do the exact same process but at the very end you add OH- to both sides to neutralize the H+
For basic solutions, you do the exact same process but at the very end you add OH- to both sides to neutralize the H+
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 8:50 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Deriving the laws
- Replies: 5
- Views: 427
Re: Deriving the laws
I think they are derived in lecture just to help our conceptual understanding, but on homework/exams you can just use the final equation and plug stuff in
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 8:47 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: How to tell if its being reduced or oxidized
- Replies: 15
- Views: 1903
Re: How to tell if its being reduced or oxidized
I find it easier to remember "OIL RIG": oxidation is losing electrons, reduction is gaining electrons
Oxidation half rxns are losing electrons so the e- are a product, reduction half rxns are gaining electrons so e- are a reactant
Oxidation half rxns are losing electrons so the e- are a product, reduction half rxns are gaining electrons so e- are a reactant
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 12:32 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Is it spontaneous?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 315
Re: Is it spontaneous?
Ecell=0 means the rxn is at equilibrium, but K isn't 0. To calculate K at equilibrium you can do: K=10^(nE°/ 0.0592)
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 7:54 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Test 2
- Replies: 15
- Views: 859
Re: Test 2
Test 2 covers the 2nd page of Outline 4 and all of Outline 5 Some of the major topics are: -Gibbs Free Energy -Van't Hoff Equation -Galvanic/Voltaic Cells -Redox Reactions -Cell Potential -Nernst Equation There are more topics so definitely check out the outlines for the more specific information yo...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 7:50 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Extra Credit
- Replies: 17
- Views: 908
Re: Extra Credit
I took Lavelle last quarter for 14A and there was no extra credit opportunities, although there was a small curve applied to final grades (about 1%). Everything is strictly followed from the course outline on the syllabus, which is the homework, chem community, 2 tests, midterm, and final (the class...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 7:48 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Office Hours
- Replies: 1
- Views: 177
Re: Office Hours
I believe he would send an email out.
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 7:47 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Concentration effect on E
- Replies: 4
- Views: 364
Re: Concentration effect on E
If you increase the concentration of the product > 1.0M, we get a larger value of Q (CONCENTRATIONproducts/CONTENTRATIONreactants) which is used in the equation: E= E(standard conditions) - (RT/nF(lnQ)) Taking the ln of a Q that is more than 1 gives a positive number for lnQ, which is being subtract...
- Sun Feb 23, 2020 7:37 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Concentration and cell potential
- Replies: 6
- Views: 396
Re: Concentration and cell potential
These observations come from Le Chatelier's Principle. Increasing concentration of reactants leads to formation of products, thus Ecell will be larger than Ecell at standard conditions Increasing concentration of products leads to formation of reactants, thus Ecell will be smaller than Ecell at stan...
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 11:32 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Reversible and Isothermal
- Replies: 4
- Views: 240
Re: Reversible and Isothermal
sarahsalama2E wrote:also, for an isothermal reaction, is delta u equal to 0?
Yes, internal energy depends on temperature so for isothermal expansion deltaU=0 and thus:
deltaU=q+w ------> 0=q+w ------> q=-w
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 12:08 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: Entropy Equations
- Replies: 3
- Views: 270
Re: Entropy Equations
I also am unsure of the equations to use for reversible expansion but I do think it is good to know that for reversible expansion, ΔStotal=0 so ΔSsys+ΔSsurr=0
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 12:00 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Difference between ΔH, ΔH°, ΔH(rxn)°, and ΔH(f)°
- Replies: 2
- Views: 221
Re: Difference between ΔH, ΔH°, ΔH(rxn)°, and ΔH(f)°
ΔH ---- change in enthalpy ΔH°---- change in enthalpy, at standard conditions ΔH(rxn)°---- standard enthalpy of a given rxn, at standard conditions ΔH(f)°---- standard enthalpy of formation, basically the energy required to change an element into the given phase from its most stable state (O2(g) has...
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 11:51 am
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: How do you change the internal energy of an ideal gas?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 155
Re: How do you change the internal energy of an ideal gas?
Internal Energy of a monoatomic ideal gas is equal to 3/2nRt
We can't change R because it is a constant, so I believe the only way to change the internal energy is to change moles (n) or temp (t)
We can't change R because it is a constant, so I believe the only way to change the internal energy is to change moles (n) or temp (t)
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 11:48 am
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Isothermal
- Replies: 17
- Views: 688
Re: Isothermal
Could you explain why delta U would equal 0? I'm a little confused about the connection between temperature and delta U. We know that delta U= q + w and delta U=(3/2)nR(deltaT) if delta T=0 then you are multiplying the constants in the 2nd equation by 0, thus you end up with delta U= 0 if delta U= ...
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 11:44 am
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: Reversible and Isothermal
- Replies: 4
- Views: 240
Re: Reversible and Isothermal
I think that generally, irreversible expansion occurs in real life situations, so we assume temp is changing, unless it is a phase change (which are isothermal). Reversible expansion calculations are hypothetical maximums and temp is always kept constant, which we can see in the equation w=-nrTln(v2...
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 11:40 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: delta U
- Replies: 8
- Views: 200
Re: delta U
805317518 wrote:Conceptually speaking, would an adiabatic system always be an isolated system? Or is there a more specific definition?
I believe it could also be referred to as an insulated system, as there is no heat transfer.
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 11:37 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Reversible or Irreversible
- Replies: 5
- Views: 273
Re: Reversible or Irreversible
I think that if it is explained as occurring in real life, it is safe to assume it is irreversible.
- Fri Feb 07, 2020 4:40 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Conceptualizing Cv, Cp
- Replies: 2
- Views: 99
Re: Conceptualizing Cv, Cp
Cv and Cp refer to heat capacity of ideal gases. It helps to imagine this in the case of a piston. The constant Cp is greater than the constant Cv at the same temperature because at constant volume, the heat added only goes towards increasing the temperature. So in a piston with a fixed volume, when...
- Fri Feb 07, 2020 4:08 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Any Worksheets from UA/TA/etc?
- Replies: 14
- Views: 602
Re: Any Worksheets from UA/TA/etc?
Celena Kim 2I wrote:Is it just me or is the link to the review problems not working?
I believed they are inserting the link around 7pm tonight.
- Fri Feb 07, 2020 3:59 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Isothermal
- Replies: 17
- Views: 688
Re: Isothermal
If the expansion of the gas is isothermal, then this means the temperature remains constant and delta U = 0 Could you explain why delta U would equal 0? I'm a little confused about the connection between temperature and delta U. We know that delta U= q + w and delta U=(3/2)nR(deltaT) if delta T=0 t...
- Fri Feb 07, 2020 3:51 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: midterm/final
- Replies: 12
- Views: 2181
Re: midterm/final
Midterm and final tend to have more application based problems, usually with some biological connection. It's good to have a solid understanding of all the concepts learned in class because you'll need to know which one to apply once you get to the exam, where you will most likely encounter a comple...
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 7:55 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 4E.9
- Replies: 6
- Views: 208
Re: 4E.9
I was stuck on this question too. Can someone explain the difference/relationship between molar energy and stability of a molecule? Is it referring to the energy required to break the bonds so having a higher molar energy means it is less likely to be broken?
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 7:53 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium concentration vs equilibrium molar conc.
- Replies: 3
- Views: 198
Re: Equilibrium concentration vs equilibrium molar conc.
Equilibrium molar concentration is the same thing as equilibrium concentration, it is just specifying that your answer should be given in M. But you should have your units in M either way, and both are the same ICE table process.
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 7:51 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: 1/2kt
- Replies: 1
- Views: 65
Re: 1/2kt
1/2kt refers to a certain direction or way of storing energy. We can calculate the ideal gas heat capacity at constant volume by using this concept. Particles/Noble Gases: have 3 possible directions, x, y, and z, so 1/2kt + 1/2kt + 1/2kt = 3/2kt Linear Molecules: the 3 possible directions plus 2 add...
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 7:46 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: W
- Replies: 2
- Views: 89
W
Degeneracy is the number of ways of achieving a given energy state. W=2^n where n= # of particles
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 7:45 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Boltzman Constant
- Replies: 4
- Views: 128
Re: Boltzman Constant
J/K (its the same as R but no mol in denominator)
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 8:48 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Cv and Cp
- Replies: 9
- Views: 380
Re: Cv and Cp
The values are the same in solids and liquids. In gases, Cv is constant volume and Cp is constant pressure so the values will be different. I think Cp may be used because Cp calorimetry gives enthalpy values, whereas Cv calorimetry gives heat capacity of the whole container/all parts
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 8:41 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: reaction enthalpy
- Replies: 14
- Views: 446
Re: reaction enthalpy
This confuses me too because its not like it gives off energy to create a bond, right? Unless it is saying it gives off energy to break a bond. When the bond is formed, energy is given off to the surroundings. When the bond is broken, energy is absorbed by the system. It is really important to clar...
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 8:36 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Heating curve for water
- Replies: 2
- Views: 78
Re: Heating curve for water
The heating curve for water shows this phase change energy as horizontal lines on the graph.
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 8:34 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Heating curve for water
- Replies: 2
- Views: 78
Re: Heating curve for water
Steam causes extreme burns because as the steam hits your skin, lots of energy is released as it condenses to a liquid (phase change). This extra release of energy wouldn’t occur with the same temperature of boiling water hitting your skin because no phase change occurs.
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 8:30 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Bond Enthalpies
- Replies: 11
- Views: 248
Re: Bond Enthalpies
More accurate methods include Hess’s Method (adding rxns to obtain net rxn) or using ΔH°values from a table
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 8:23 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Homework sections
- Replies: 7
- Views: 275
Re: Homework sections
When I attempted 4A,B,& C problems, it was not material we have covered yet in class.
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:59 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 6E Polyprotic Acids and Bases
- Replies: 2
- Views: 79
Re: 6E Polyprotic Acids and Bases
Basically all you need to worry about is removing the first proton.
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:56 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: 6D.5
- Replies: 3
- Views: 362
Re: 6D.5
You need to make an ice table for the reaction of NH3 reacting with H2O. Once you solve for the equilibrium concentration of OH-, you can find pOH (pOH= -log[OH-]). Then you can convert pOH to pH (pH + pOH = 14). Percentage protonation is calculated by doing ([NH4+]/[NH3]initial) x100%
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:50 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium Questions and Sig Figs
- Replies: 6
- Views: 119
Re: Equilibrium Questions and Sig Figs
For pH, the sig figs in the given molarity determine how many decimal places we should have. For instance, for a H3O+ concentration of 0.040 the pH should have 2 decimal places since there are 2 sig figs (pH=1.40). I don't know if it's possible yet, but say the H3O+ concentration is a crazy number ...
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:47 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Number of Chemistry Community Posts
- Replies: 45
- Views: 2391
Re: Number of Chemistry Community Posts
If you go to "Your Posts" you can view the dates and I just count starting at January 2020 to see how many posts I have for the quarter
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:37 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Salt Solutions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 119
Re: Salt Solutions
First you need to be able to recognize which parts of a salt don't affect pH (group 1&2 elements, like Na+). Once you recognize what part of the salt WILL affect the pH, you write the reaction for that part of the salt reacting with water to form it's conjugate acid/base and either H3O+ or OH-, ...
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:29 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: pH sig figs
- Replies: 9
- Views: 403
Re: pH sig figs
pH sig figs start to count after the decimal point. So, if you have 2 sig figs in the given information for the problem, then your pH answer should have 2 sig figs AFTER the decimal point.
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:22 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: K
- Replies: 5
- Views: 217
Re: K
K is a constant for each given temperature. So K values vary dependent on temperature but besides that the K value will stay the same despite any changes.
- Mon Jan 20, 2020 7:20 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: test 1
- Replies: 7
- Views: 199
Re: test 1
Because the questions are all free response, I have found that the best way to study is doing all of the homework problems for the related chapters, so I would do all of chemical equilibrium hw and all of acids and bases hw
- Thu Jan 16, 2020 1:16 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 6D.7
- Replies: 2
- Views: 131
6D.7
The problem: Find the initial concentration of the weak acid or base in each of the following aqueous solutions: (a) a solution of HCLO with pH=4.60 (b) a solution of hydrazine, NH2NH2, with pH=10.20 Is there a way to solve this without Ka values? I looked up the Ka values and used them to solve and...
- Mon Jan 13, 2020 8:27 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Kw and H3O/OH concentrations
- Replies: 5
- Views: 1100
Re: Kw and H3O/OH concentrations
They are inversely related. If one increases, the other decreases. That is why Kw is a constant. When they are equal, that means the solution is neutral.
- Fri Jan 10, 2020 3:16 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Calculating eq constants with only one variable
- Replies: 3
- Views: 84
Re: Calculating eq constants with only one variable
Step 1: write out chemical rxn (balanced) Step 2: fill out ICE table (use the coefficients to know the change, for example if coefficient of the reactant is 2, then it would be -2x, and for a product with a coefficient of 2 it would be +2x) (ALSO you know you don't start with any products so those i...
- Fri Jan 10, 2020 3:07 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: K expression involving solids/liquids
- Replies: 7
- Views: 248
Re: K expression involving solids/liquids
We only use gases and aqueous solutions in K expressions. Solids don't have concentrations so they are not included and pure substances (liquids) will not react enough to make any effect so they are left out as well.
- Fri Jan 10, 2020 3:05 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Post-Assessment-Part 3
- Replies: 2
- Views: 120
Re: Post-Assessment-Part 3
Step 1: write out chemical rxn (balanced) Step 2: fill out ICE table (use the coefficients to know the change, for example if coefficient of the reactant is 2, then it would be -2x) Step 3: plug in equilibrium values from the ICE table and the given K value into K expression (make sure to square the...
- Fri Jan 10, 2020 2:56 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Change in k
- Replies: 11
- Views: 493
Re: Change in k
The system will adjust in response to the change and thus produce more product, keeping a consistent ratio.
- Fri Jan 10, 2020 2:54 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Chatelier’s Principle
- Replies: 8
- Views: 193
Re: Chatelier’s Principle
Le Chatelier's Principle is important because it explains why the questions about systems shifting in different directions are important. They are shifting either towards the reactants or towards the products in attempt to minimize the effect of external causes, such as increasing the pressure by de...
- Tue Dec 03, 2019 7:10 pm
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: HCl and HI
- Replies: 10
- Views: 482
Re: HCl and HI
HI is the stronger acid because the chlorine in HCL is more electronegative than the I in HI. The chlorine pulls in the electrons more and creates a stronger bond that is harder to break. Remember the stronger acid will have the weaker bond-- and strong acids fully dissociate :)
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 9:48 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Bronsted Acids vs Lewis acids
- Replies: 4
- Views: 126
Re: Bronsted Acids vs Lewis acids
A bronsted acid is a proton donor. A Lewis acid is the species that accepts the e- pair. So, a Lewis acid is a broad term for anything that accepts a pair of electrons, whereas a bronsted acid is specifically the proton donor.
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 2:23 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: test 2
- Replies: 6
- Views: 342
Re: test 2
Test Topics: VSEPR, intermolecular forces, polarizability/polarizing power, sigma/pi bonds
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 2:22 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: how to determine ion-ion
- Replies: 4
- Views: 244
Re: how to determine ion-ion
Ion ion interactions occur when there are complete charges differences, not partial. So, anytime 2 ions interact it is ion-ion. If it is an ion interacting with a polar molecule (not an ion) it is ion-dipole
- Tue Nov 19, 2019 2:19 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: h bonding and dipole dipole
- Replies: 4
- Views: 257
Re: h bonding and dipole dipole
A hydrogen bond is a dipole-dipole force but not all dipole-dipole forces are hydrogen bonds--- only when a H bonds with a highly electronegative atom (N,O,F). Hydrogen bonds are stronger than normal dipole-dipole forces.
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 2:20 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: pi bond
- Replies: 2
- Views: 203
Re: pi bond
Pi bonds are only formed when two atoms are bound by more than 1 covalent bond (in a double or triple bond). Visually, you can think about the sigma bond first forming by 2 orbitals bonding end-to-end, then the pi bonds form after when the orbitals bond side-to-side
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 2:18 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: 2E.1
- Replies: 1
- Views: 102
Re: 2E.1
On my manual it says A must have a lone pair, which is correct. If it is bent it must have at least one lone pair on it. B may have a lone pair because some linear structures allow for that.
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 2:15 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: lone pairs VSEPR
- Replies: 1
- Views: 64
Re: lone pairs VSEPR
If total domains surrounding the central atom is less than 5, lone pairs can be placed anywhere. If total domains is 5, lone pairs should be placed in equatorial positions. If total domains is 6, lone pairs should be placed in axial positions.
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 2:14 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Shapes
- Replies: 6
- Views: 370
Re: Shapes
Linear 180 Trigonal Planar 120 Bent (varies based on which formula it is, if its AX2E2 then its less than 109.5, if its AX2E then its less than 120) Tetrahedral 109.5 Trigonal Pyramidal less than 109.5 Trigonal Bipyramidal 90 and 120 See Saw less than 90 & less than 120 T-shaped less than 90 &am...
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 2:08 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Test 2 Study Worksheets
- Replies: 9
- Views: 642
Re: Test 2 Study Worksheets
Can someone attending this peer learning session post the worksheet to this thread? I am unable to attend but would like to complete the worksheet.
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 2:07 pm
- Forum: *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism)
- Topic: Condition for pi bond
- Replies: 4
- Views: 296
Re: Condition for pi bond
There will always be a sigma bond present, because pi bonds are only formed in double and triple bonds, in which a single bond is always within it.
single bond= 1 sigma bond
double bond= 1 sigma bond + 1 pi bond
triple bond= 1 sigma bond + 2 pi bonds
single bond= 1 sigma bond
double bond= 1 sigma bond + 1 pi bond
triple bond= 1 sigma bond + 2 pi bonds
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 2:05 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Lone Pairs
- Replies: 2
- Views: 126
Re: Lone Pairs
Lone pairs change the bond angles of shapes. For example, a tetrahedral structure (4 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs) has 4 regions of e- density, and the bond angles are 109.5 degrees. On the other hand, trigonal pyramidal also has 4 regions of e- density, but it has 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair, so...
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 3:21 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: bond angles
- Replies: 9
- Views: 563
Re: bond angles
Besides for some tetrahedral and trigonal pyramidal bond angles being less than 109.5, are there other molecular shapes we should know for test 2? Also, how would we know the bond angles for more complicated shapes like trigonal bipyramidals? So far we're suppose to know: linear, trigonal pyramidal...
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 3:18 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: structure ?
- Replies: 8
- Views: 407
Re: structure ?
It can be determined if a molecule has linear shape by looking at the number of bonding and lone pairs on the central atom. For example, molecules with the VSEPR notation of AX2 and AX2E3 both have linear shapes. AX2E3 is an important one to remember--- even though the central atom has lone pairs i...
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 3:14 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: test 2
- Replies: 3
- Views: 222
Re: test 2
Intermolecular forces, VSEPR, and sigma/pi bonds (were learning this topic Monday in class)
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 3:12 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: 2E1 - Molecules with bent geometry
- Replies: 7
- Views: 357
Re: 2E1 - Molecules with bent geometry
005384106 wrote:Do lone pair electrons have a stronger force of repulsion of atoms compared to the strength of atoms repelling against each other?
These are the relative strengths of repulsion:
lone-lone pair repulsion > lone-bonding pair repulsion > bonding-bonding pair repulsion
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 1:37 pm
- Forum: *Liquid Structure (Viscosity, Surface Tension, Liquid Crystals, Ionic Liquids)
- Topic: Rod vs spherical shaped molecules
- Replies: 10
- Views: 1623
Re: Rod vs spherical shaped molecules
The instantaneous dipoles in 2 nearby rod shaped molecules are closer than those found in nearby spherical molecules. This is because rod shaped molecules have more surface area that is closer to each other. Because of this, rod shaped molecules have stronger interactions than spherical molecules. T...
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 1:32 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Homework Week 7
- Replies: 1
- Views: 133
Re: Homework Week 7
I would focus my homework for week 7 on intermolecular forces (3F in the textbook) because that is the most recent lecture topic we covered.
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 1:30 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Week 7 Homework
- Replies: 2
- Views: 243
Re: Week 7 Homework
I would do section 3F because it covers intermolecular forces, and that is what we covered in class this week.
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 1:03 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Any good practice problems?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 174
Re: Any good practice problems?
I can leave some below from my discussion.
What orbital is consistent with the following quantum #'s?
n=4 l=1. ml=1. ms= +1/2
Give one set of quantum #'s for a 3d e- in Cr+.
What are possible #'s for an e- in a Flourine 2p orbital?
How many e- in an atom can have quantum #'s n=3 l=2?
What orbital is consistent with the following quantum #'s?
n=4 l=1. ml=1. ms= +1/2
Give one set of quantum #'s for a 3d e- in Cr+.
What are possible #'s for an e- in a Flourine 2p orbital?
How many e- in an atom can have quantum #'s n=3 l=2?
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 12:59 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Unit Question
- Replies: 3
- Views: 350
Re: Unit Question
MHz means mega hz. 1MHz is one million hertz: 1 MHz= 1x10^6 Hz
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 12:47 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: nomenclature
- Replies: 3
- Views: 244
Re: nomenclature
You can figure out the chemical formulas using the charges on the PT. You have to make the charges equally balanced. You can do this by swapping the charges and using it as your subscript. Magnesium Arsenide Mg has a 2+ charge, As has a 3- charge, so it would be Mg3As2 Indium (III) Sulfide In is 3+....
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 12:39 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Why is the ionization energy of nitrogen higher than that of oxygen's?
- Replies: 11
- Views: 889
Re: Why is the ionization energy of nitrogen higher than that of oxygen's?
Nitrogen is an exception because it really wants to have a half-full sub shell. But yes, ionization trend on the PT is increasing up and to the right. Just keep in mind Nitrogen has a larger ionization energy than Oxygen.
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 12:37 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: 1D.1
- Replies: 1
- Views: 193
Re: 1D.1
Energy of the electron would go up because you are increasing energy levels. Value of n would go up because you go from n=1 (the 1 in 1s) to n=2 (the 2 in 2p). Value of l would go up (s=0 and p=1, so 0 to 1 is increasing). Radius of the atom would go up because adding orbitals makes the atom bigger ...
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 12:33 pm
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: resonance hybrid
- Replies: 6
- Views: 348
Re: resonance hybrid
Since all that changes is the placement of electrons between resonance structures, I think it would be a good thing to keep in mind, but it wouldn't be too complicated to figure out on a test as long as you know it exists/what it means.
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 12:31 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: smaller cations
- Replies: 3
- Views: 248
Re: smaller cations
Cation size decreases up and decreases to the right. They get smaller as you go up because number of orbitals decrease, and get smaller as you go right as you add more positive charge (holds in electrons tighter). Same trend as atomic radius. The smaller the cation leads to more polarizing power.
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 12:27 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: orbitals vs. subshells
- Replies: 4
- Views: 517
Re: orbitals vs. subshells
Yes, that is correct. In the sub-shell 4p, there is 3 orbitals (fitting 6e-, 2e- in each orbital). Sub-shell 3d has 5 orbitals (fits 10e-), Sub-shell 1s has one orbital (fits 2e-), and sub-shell 4f has 7 orbitals (fits 14e-). So just remember: Shell= n value (like 4) Sub-Shell= a section of the shel...
- Mon Nov 04, 2019 9:23 am
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Difference
- Replies: 5
- Views: 288
Re: Difference
Electronegativity is how tight the electrons are held together. Polarizability is the ease to release an electron. High electronegativity= electrons are held very tight together, high polarizability=easier to release an electron (due to it being a larger atom).
- Mon Nov 04, 2019 9:16 am
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Comparing electronegativities
- Replies: 2
- Views: 101
Re: Comparing electronegativities
I think as long as you know the general trend you will be fine. Anything close we will probably be given the values or if its lewis structures, generally you can tell which atom will go in the middle based off other factors like how many of them there are (the atom with the subscript of 1 will go in...
- Mon Nov 04, 2019 9:13 am
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Radicals: Homework Problem #2C1
- Replies: 8
- Views: 413
Re: Radicals: Homework Problem #2C1
Alexis Webb 1B wrote:In the answer key, it says it’s not a radical.
Weird. On my sapling online textbook answer key it said it is a radical:
2C.1 Only (a) and (b) are radicals
But I understand that it isn't a radical.. maybe just a mistake?
- Mon Nov 04, 2019 9:08 am
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Quantum Numbers
- Replies: 6
- Views: 479
Re: Quantum Numbers
I think that all you need to know is that the quantum number ms is only valid if its value is + or - 1/2 and that it refers to the spin of the electron, with the 2 electrons in an orbital having opposite spins (one has +1/2 one has -1/2).
- Mon Nov 04, 2019 9:05 am
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Trends
- Replies: 3
- Views: 229
Re: Trends
If all else fails an easy way to remember is that ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all increase up and to the right, and atomic radius is the opposite (increase down and to the left). It is important to know the meaning behind them but that's a simple way to remember :)
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 11:49 am
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Radicals: Homework Problem #2C1
- Replies: 8
- Views: 413
Radicals: Homework Problem #2C1
I've been trying to do this homework problem and seriously struggling. I understand what a radical is but I cannot seem to figure out why NO2- is a radical. I drew the lewis structure but I don't see any unpaired electrons. Can anyone explain why NO2- is a radical?
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 1:54 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Covalent bonds
- Replies: 5
- Views: 174
Re: Covalent bonds
A covalent bond is formed between nonmetals. Atoms share the electrons in covalent bonds because nonmetals have too high of an ionization energy to form cations.
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 2:40 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Self-test 1E.2B
- Replies: 2
- Views: 105
Re: Self-test 1E.2B
The full electron configuration would be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 :) It helps me to write it by just going in order on the PT and writing it as I go.
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 2:37 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron Configuration
- Replies: 4
- Views: 131
Re: Electron Configuration
Personally, in my homework I do not put the (x, y, z) notation to distinguish between subshells, but I think it does help conceptually to think about it that way as it reinforces the idea of Hund's Rule
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 2:29 pm
- Forum: General Science Questions
- Topic: Study Tips
- Replies: 13
- Views: 861
Re: Study Tips
I definitely benefit from looking over my notes from lecture and discussion. Just trying to get a solid basis of WHY things occur makes it a lot easier to conceptually understand the problem. Then, when you get to the test you won't freeze up because you forgot everything you tried to memorize, you ...
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 2:26 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: 4s and 3d
- Replies: 5
- Views: 162
Re: 4s and 3d
You should fill the shells in the order they appear on the PT, but write them in order of values of n. So you would fill 4s before 3d, but when you write the configuration, say for titanium, you would write [Ar] 3d2 4s2.
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 2:24 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron configuration for Cerium
- Replies: 2
- Views: 123
Re: Electron configuration for Cerium
The second element in the f-block is Praseodymium
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 2:17 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron affinity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 230
Re: Electron affinity
I like to think of electron affinity as how much an atom wants an e-. So, when you move to the right on the PT, you are getting elements with almost full shells. They really want to complete the octet rule so they are stable, thus they really want the e-, especially because on the very right, like f...
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 2:09 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Homework Help
- Replies: 5
- Views: 179
Re: Homework Help
In my opinion, the easiest way to start this question would be to write out the ground state e- configuration, then you can compare the two and see if you find any differences. Any differences would suggest the e- has been excited.