Search found 102 matches
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 9:51 pm
- Forum: *Free Energy of Activation vs Activation Energy
- Topic: Activation Energy
- Replies: 9
- Views: 1445
Re: Activation Energy
A catalyst weakens the bonds of the species, ensuring that less energy is required to obtain the necessary activation barrier energy. This is how the reaction rates of the forward and reverse reactions are increased.
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 9:50 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Oxidation/Reduction
- Replies: 17
- Views: 1109
Re: Oxidation/Reduction
A reducing agent has a tendency to reduce another species (which means it itself is being oxidized) and an oxidizing agent has a tendency to oxidize another species (which means it itself is being reduced). The way you determine if something is an oxidizing or reducing agent is by looking at the ele...
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 9:44 pm
- Forum: First Order Reactions
- Topic: Textbook question 7B.3
- Replies: 5
- Views: 683
Re: Textbook question 7B.3
This may be the longer way, but it works. To find the units of the rate constant, you just want to remember that your rate needs to have units of (mol/L/s). So when you have your expression which is something like rate = k*[x]^n[y]^m, you can determine that k multiplied by the rest of the expression...
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 9:37 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: deltaG at equilibrium
- Replies: 8
- Views: 698
Re: deltaG at equilibrium
Yes, also remember that the value of delta G can help to determine the direction of the reaction that is favored. For example, a more negative delta G means that it is spontaneous and favoring the forward reaction. As the reaction progresses and moves towards equilibrium, the concentrations of the r...
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 9:30 pm
- Forum: Second Order Reactions
- Topic: 7B.13
- Replies: 2
- Views: 329
Re: 7B.13
One way you could do this problem is by using the equation for a second order half life reaction and calculating the K value. With this you can then use the integrated rate law for a second order reaction to find the time needed to reach the concentration that is being asked.
- Thu Mar 05, 2020 12:41 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: 6L.1
- Replies: 2
- Views: 252
Re: 6L.1
Yes, so the value of n would be 2 in this case. As you can see, one half reaction is 2Ce4+ --> 2 Ce 3+. On the left side of the equation, 2 * 4 = 8 and the right side, 2*3 = 6. So, you have a net charge difference of 2. On the other hand, we have 3 I- --> I 3-. In this case, we have a -3 on the left...
- Thu Mar 05, 2020 12:37 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Finding Q
- Replies: 7
- Views: 533
Re: Finding Q
Yes, the anode is the product and the cathode is the reactant. This makes sense because in the anode the concentrations of reactant are decreasing as it forms product in the cathode.
- Thu Mar 05, 2020 12:36 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N 13
- Replies: 4
- Views: 731
Re: 6N 13
I believe you forgot that the n value is equal to 2, not 1. So you would have t divide .05916 by 2 to get the correct answer
- Thu Mar 05, 2020 12:32 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Calculating cell potential of an electrode
- Replies: 2
- Views: 225
Re: Calculating cell potential of an electrode
The cell potential of the cathode and anode half reactions are usually found in a table unless you have closely related elements in which case you would calculate the cell potential. But otherwise, they are usually given and you would just have to determine which half reaction is oxidation and reduc...
- Thu Mar 05, 2020 12:26 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: How to calculate for n
- Replies: 7
- Views: 575
Re: How to calculate for n
The n value that is referenced in this equation is the number of electrons that is transferred in the redox reaction. So yes, you should write and balance the half reactions and then plug in the value of n into the equation to find the Gibbs Free Energy.
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 11:47 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Galvanic Cells
- Replies: 10
- Views: 539
Re: Galvanic Cells
Yes and when Ecell is equal to zero, Gibbs free energy is also zero.
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 11:05 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6M.1
- Replies: 5
- Views: 450
Re: 6M.1
I think what happened is that the equation is Ecell = Eanode - Ecathode. So you have -.698 = Eanode - (.34 V). So I think you just forgot that the species that is oxidized is subtracted from the species that is reduced.
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 9:30 am
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: Gibbs free energy and 6L.1
- Replies: 3
- Views: 255
Re: Gibbs free energy and 6L.1
You have to first balance the half reactions so that there is conservation of charge. The molar coefficient of electrons is going to be your n value.
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 9:26 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Acidic vs Basic Conditions [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 203
Re: Acidic vs Basic Conditions [ENDORSED]
When balancing a redox reaction under acidic conditions, you use H2O and Hydoxide ions (H+) to balance the number of Oxygens and Hydrogens on both sides. And then you finish the redox by balancing electrons for the reaction. On the other hand, for basic conditions, you use H2O and Hydronium ions (OH...
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 9:22 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K.1
- Replies: 2
- Views: 205
Re: 6K.1
You add H2O molecules in order to balance the number of oxygens that are on both sides of the reaction. After you balance the number of Oxygen molecules you balances the number of Hydrogens with H+. After doing this, you finally balance charge by adding electrons to the respective sides of the react...
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 8:55 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Max Potential
- Replies: 5
- Views: 303
Re: Max Potential
Maximum work occurs right before current flows because immediately when current begins flowing, the electric potential begins to decrease until it reaches zero. So, when asked a question about maximum potential, it is right before the circuit is closed or right before any reaction begins.
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 8:53 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Dead Battery
- Replies: 6
- Views: 379
Re: Dead Battery
A battery is dead when the system is at equilibrium. This occurs when there is a buildup of charge in the cathode and the anode, so there will no longer be any flow of charge. This can be avoided by having something like a porous disk to maintain a neutral state in the anode and cathode.
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 8:51 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: midterm Q4
- Replies: 4
- Views: 624
Re: midterm Q4
For this you have to look at the Ph of the solution and the PKa. Because the Ph is more acidic than the PKa, there will be no dissociation. Dissociation will only occur if the Ph is less acidic than the PKa because then the salt could dissociate and make the solution more acidic to reach the Pka val...
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 8:49 pm
- Forum: Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials
- Topic: E as intensive property
- Replies: 5
- Views: 355
Re: E as intensive property
Yes, so the importance of this property comes in when you are balancing your redox half reactions. In redox, you want to make sure that the amount of electrons lost is equal to the amount of electrons that is gained. Just like other problems from the last section, you use molar coefficients to balan...
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 8:46 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Salt Bridge and function
- Replies: 4
- Views: 294
Re: Salt Bridge and function
Yes, and it's important to note that when there is that buildup of charge and the battery is "dead", the system is at equilibrium so the gibbs is zero and there is no energy for useful work
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 10:52 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: state property
- Replies: 4
- Views: 199
Re: state property
Gibbs is a state property because all of its components, enthalpy, temperature, and entropy, are also state properties.
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 10:51 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: adiabatic
- Replies: 19
- Views: 982
Re: adiabatic
an adiabatic process is one in which there is no change in q during the reaction, so no heat is exchanged.
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 10:51 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: entropy of irreversible path
- Replies: 2
- Views: 174
Re: entropy of irreversible path
And for irreversible you can also look at the q of the surroundings because this could affect the total entropy change.
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 10:49 am
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Delta S(total)
- Replies: 3
- Views: 79
Re: Delta S(total)
The total entropy change also equals zero in an isothermal reaction. In this case, the q of the surroundings is equal and opposite in sign to the q of the system. So, the entropy change total is zero
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 10:46 am
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: monoatomic vs diatomic C constants?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 91
Re: monoatomic vs diatomic C constants?
I think we only need to know the constants for a monoatomic gas b and if a question has a diatomic gas, the required constants will be given to us in the problem.
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 10:44 am
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: 4F.3 Reversible Process
- Replies: 2
- Views: 98
Re: 4F.3 Reversible Process
We can approximate here and assume that it is a reversible reaction because the surroundings are so large that any change in heat will have little to no effect on the the surroundings.
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 1:07 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Midterm
- Replies: 6
- Views: 306
Re: Midterm
I would look at the equation sheet so that you know what equations will be provided. Other than that, you should probably know all of the equations from lecture and the equations used in homework problems
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 1:04 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated)
- Topic: isolated system
- Replies: 8
- Views: 457
Re: isolated system
a bomb calorimeter is tightly sealed and insulated which means that heat cannot be transferred with the surroundings. Also, the volume of the system cannot change so there can be no work done. This means that it is an isolated system.
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 12:58 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Irreversible vs Reversible
- Replies: 1
- Views: 82
Re: Irreversible vs Reversible
In an irreversible expansion, the external pressure is not changing. This means that there will be sudden expansion against an external pressure. In contrast, a reversible expansion is occurring when the system is in equilibrium. A very small incremental change in the external pressure causes a slow...
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 12:54 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: 4D.7
- Replies: 2
- Views: 133
Re: 4D.7
I think that for most problems, if the information is not give you just have to know the standard conditions and assume these are the values in the problem.
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 12:52 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Identifying constant pressure in a question
- Replies: 3
- Views: 197
Re: Identifying constant pressure in a question
if it says anything about the system being in equilibrium or being reversible, you know that the external pressure can change
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 1:04 am
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Delta U
- Replies: 6
- Views: 253
Re: Delta U
When there is no expansion or compression, which is work, we can say that Delta U is equal to the q value.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 1:02 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Bomb calorimeter
- Replies: 2
- Views: 91
Re: Bomb calorimeter
A bomb calorimeter is a calorimeter specifically for a reaction in which the volume remains constant. Because volume is constant, the pressure continues to build up and so this is a special calorimeter for a constant volume reaction.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 12:59 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Phase change and temp
- Replies: 8
- Views: 275
Re: Phase change and temp
remember it is not technically breaking bonds, as in covalent bonds between Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules. It is breaking intermolecular forces between water molecules. Therefore, energy is needed to overcome and break the intermolecular forces which requires heat.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 12:58 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Types of Systems
- Replies: 3
- Views: 113
Re: Types of Systems
Since the volume is constant, the pressure continues to build up as the reaction continues. Therefore, the special calorimeter for this type of reaction is a bomb calorimeter.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 12:56 am
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Calorimeter
- Replies: 5
- Views: 246
Re: Calorimeter
Yeah, and in calorimetry problems we can say that all of the heat lost by the reaction is gained by the calorimeter, and vice versa. So the heat lost by the surroundings is gained/absorbed by the reaction
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 9:31 pm
- Forum: Calculating the pH of Salt Solutions
- Topic: Problem 6D.15
- Replies: 2
- Views: 252
Re: Problem 6D.15
So when AlCl3 dissociates in water, Cl- is the conjugate base of a strong acid so will not react at all with water. However, Al will coordinate with six water molecules. After it coordinates with water, it can actually give off protons, or acidic hydrogens, making it a weak acid. So you would have t...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 9:28 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: example 5J.2
- Replies: 1
- Views: 64
Re: example 5J.2
When you look at which value is going to be used, you have to look at whether or not when this value is subtracted from a reactant or product, it will be negative or positive. So assume you start off with some value of reactant and no product. As the system moves towards equilibrium, product is form...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 9:25 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Worksheet Practice for Test 1
- Replies: 3
- Views: 243
Re: Worksheet Practice for Test 1
It's because of the ICE table that is set up. The equation is H2 + Cl2 --> 2HCl. So, when you do an ICE table, you represent the change as some variable like x. So the H2 and Cl2 concentrations will decrease both by x, and the HCl concentration will increase by 2x. It is 2x because there is a 1:2 ra...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 9:20 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Practice Worksheet for Test 1
- Replies: 1
- Views: 196
Re: Practice Worksheet for Test 1
The equation would be NH3 + H2O --> NH4 + OH. It's given in the problem that 1E-3 Molar Hydroxide is present at equilibrium. Therefore, this must be the final equilibrium concentration of NH4 and OH because it is a 1:1 ratio. Percent deprotonation is the molar value of NH4+ formed at equilibrium div...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 9:14 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: HW 6D. 9
- Replies: 2
- Views: 134
Re: HW 6D. 9
From this language you can infer that the concentration given is the initial concentration, and 2.4% of this initial concentration deprotonates.
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 8:56 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: 5I.29
- Replies: 2
- Views: 162
Re: 5I.29
X must be smaller than .22 because the initial concentration of HCL is .22 M. If the x is larger than .22, then the final equilibrium concentration of HCl would be negative and negative concentrations are not possible.
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 8:55 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Homework 5J.1
- Replies: 4
- Views: 227
Re: Homework 5J.1
Yes. If the partial pressure of CO2 increases, then Q is going to be greater than K. As a result, the reverse reaction is going to be favored, and the partial pressure of H2 decreases.
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 8:53 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium constants table
- Replies: 4
- Views: 160
Re: Equilibrium constants table
Yes, you look at temperature that is given in the problem. And this also helps to solidify the concept that equilibrium constants are temperature dependent. So at different temperatures, the equilibrium constants are different.
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 8:50 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Module 3 #19
- Replies: 2
- Views: 184
Re: Module 3 #19
So the moles of the reactants are given and the volume is also given. With this, you can calculate the concentration of N2 and O2. Then, you set up an equilibrium ICE table. When you do the "change" part of ICE, remember to look at the molar ratios of the reactants and products. Then, calc...
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 8:47 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: 5J.9b
- Replies: 8
- Views: 288
Re: 5J.9b
Yes, when the partial pressure of NH3 decreases, this will cause the Q value to be smaller than K. As a result, the reaction will favor the reactants and so the O2 concentration would increase
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 10:25 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: K of Ionic Compounds in Solution
- Replies: 4
- Views: 180
Re: K of Ionic Compounds in Solution
When you have a reaction involving ionic compounds in a solution you want to rewrite the equation as the net ionic equation. This means, not writing anything that repeats on both sides of the equation, and would cancel out. This includes spectator ions, which are ions that come from an ionic compoun...
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 10:23 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: K expression
- Replies: 6
- Views: 166
Re: K expression
so liquids that act as solvents can be involved in a reaction, such as dissolving an ionic compound. However, because the liquid such as water is the solvent, there are so many more water molecules per molecule of the ionic compound, that there is water on both sides of the equilibrium constant equa...
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 10:20 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Homework Question 5I.13
- Replies: 2
- Views: 120
Re: Homework Question 5I.13
When a question asks about which is more stable, it's like looking at lewis structures and determining which has stronger bonds and is thus, less likely to react. In this case, because there is more leftover unreacted Cl2 than F2, this shows that Cl2 is less likely to react into Cl and is, therefore...
- Wed Jan 08, 2020 10:36 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Homework Question 5G.9, Part B
- Replies: 2
- Views: 179
Re: Homework Question 5G.9, Part B
A way you could look at it is either that in the second experiment there is a greater number of moles of O2 within the same volume so the partial pressure of O2 must be larger as well. Or you could look at it in the perspective of equilibrium constants. For the system to be at equilibrium, the Kp mu...
- Tue Jan 07, 2020 2:14 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Effect of High Initial Concentration of Reactant
- Replies: 5
- Views: 217
Re: Effect of High Initial Concentration of Reactant
Yes, this will ensure that the equilibrium constant will remain the same given that the reaction and temperature of the reaction do not change.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 2:45 am
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: when to use Heisenberg
- Replies: 2
- Views: 274
Re: when to use Heisenberg
Most of the time it will be an electron and it will tell you the radius or diameter and you have to solve for the uncertainty in the velocity. When you are doing Heisenberg problems with electrons remember mass can't have uncertainty because it has a known value, and so you will most likely be solvi...
Re: 9C.3D
It is still in alphabetic order because you look just at the ligand names and you have aqua and oxalato. Aqua is first alphabetically, so is written first.
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 2:40 am
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Determining the Strength of an Oxoacid
- Replies: 1
- Views: 158
Re: Determining the Strength of an Oxoacid
Acetic acid has the CH3 group, which actually makes the anion less stable because instead of delocalizing the electrons like we want, it contributes to the high electron density around the Oxygen in the anion. Formic acid does not have this CH3 group and instead just has the Oxygen single bond which...
- Thu Dec 05, 2019 2:31 am
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Naming Versions
- Replies: 2
- Views: 101
Re: Naming Versions
He said in class that we can use the new naming system or what is used in the textbook so long as the answer is correct.
- Tue Dec 03, 2019 11:29 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: transition of orbitals
- Replies: 2
- Views: 289
Re: transition of orbitals
If an electron is in a higher energy orbital, then it is also in an orbital that is farther away from the nucleus. As a result, the radius of the atom is larger.
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 6:24 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: New Naming Rules or Old Ones?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 97
Re: New Naming Rules or Old Ones?
He said that we can use either one, just make sure the answer is correct.
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 6:22 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Rydberg
- Replies: 4
- Views: 322
Re: Rydberg
When an electron is an infinite distance from the nucleus, we say that the energy is zero. So, when the electron comes closer to the nucleus, the Energy is negative. An electron from a higher to lower principal quantum number will be coming closer to the nucleus, so will become more negative. This w...
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 6:18 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Coordination Compounds on the Final
- Replies: 4
- Views: 293
Re: Coordination Compounds on the Final
Yes, there will be coordination compounds on the final. For problems I would just go over the questions from the homework and make sure you understand the questions from the chapter guidelines.
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 6:17 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Bronsted base
- Replies: 3
- Views: 81
Re: Bronsted base
The reaction for NH3 is NH3(aq) + H2O(aq) --> NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
- Tue Nov 26, 2019 12:40 am
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: abbreviations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 72
Re: abbreviations
en is ethylenediamene and edta is ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid. You can find these in the table in the textbook also
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 10:21 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: HS vs HO
- Replies: 4
- Views: 778
Re: HS vs HO
when they ask about which is more tightly bound look at the bond length. And to do this, look at the size of the atoms, so S and O. Because O is smaller than S, its bond length is shorter which means that it is stronger and more tightly bound.
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 10:18 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Dipole-Dipole vs. Dipole-Induced
- Replies: 1
- Views: 182
Re: Dipole-Dipole vs. Dipole-Induced
Every molecule has the potential to form dipole induced dipole induced interactions. Dispersion forces, or dipole induced interactions, are when electrons in the electron cloud randomly, by chance, can shift to one side creating a temporary dipole moment. The partial positives and partial negatives ...
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 9:55 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Question 3F.13
- Replies: 1
- Views: 131
Re: Question 3F.13
In choice III, while it is true that there are favorable attractions resulting from the chlorine atoms being close to the Hydrogen atoms. However, in this orientation there are also Chlorine atoms that are facing each other, and this will cause repulsions that are not favorable. In contrast, choice ...
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 9:49 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Determining the greater boiling point
- Replies: 4
- Views: 217
Re: Determining the greater boiling point
When you're doing a boiling point problem first make sure that you are looking at intermolecular forces, not intramolecular forces, because this has to do with phase changes. When I look at boiling point problems I first look to see what types of intermolecular forces are involved and I look for the...
- Mon Nov 18, 2019 9:43 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Boiling point Pbr3 and PF3
- Replies: 1
- Views: 580
Re: Boiling point Pbr3 and PF3
The number of electrons has to do with London Dispersion forces. The more electrons a molecule has, the more polarizable it is. And as we saw with the equation Potential Energy is proportional to - (polarizability of molecule 1) multiplied by (polarizability of molecule 2) divided by the distance to...
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:53 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Intermolecular Forces
- Replies: 6
- Views: 300
Re: Intermolecular Forces
CHI3 because Iodine is a larger atom which means that it has more electrons, and therefore, has stronger induced dipole induced dipole interactions.
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:45 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: VSEPR model
- Replies: 4
- Views: 356
Re: VSEPR model
VSEPR is a rule that describes how atoms in a molecule are likely to move as far away from each other as possible to reduce repulsions. Therefore, when you are drawing your geometric shape of a molecule, count how many bonds there are and you have to memorize how the number of lone pairs on the mole...
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:43 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: When is there a dipole moment?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 235
Re: When is there a dipole moment?
There are always induced dipole induced dipole intermolecular forces between all molecules and these are temporary dipoles. Dipole dipole moments and other dipoles occur when molecules are polar, so they are permanent.
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:40 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: How does O3 have dipole-dipole interactions?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 743
Re: How does O3 have dipole-dipole interactions?
Between all molecules there exists induced dipole induced dipole intermolecular forces, even if the molecule is nonpolar. In this case, O3 has a bent geometric shape, which means that it is a polar molecule, and therefore, has dipole-dipole interactions
- Tue Nov 12, 2019 9:33 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: 3F19.c.
- Replies: 2
- Views: 142
Re: 3F19.c.
In this case, both molecules have both induced dipole induced dipole and dipole dipole intermolecular forces, but because pentane is a much smaller molecule, it has less electrons and a smaller surface area. Because of this, pentane will have weaker induced dipole induced dipole forces, and therefor...
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 11:42 am
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: How do i know if a molecule has a dipole moment?
- Replies: 7
- Views: 369
Re: How do i know if a molecule has a dipole moment?
A dipole moment is a charge separation that is caused by differences in electronegativity differences. Therefore, if the two atoms that are bonded together are the same element, they have the exact same electronegativity and will be non polar. Otherwise, if there is a difference in electronegativity...
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 11:39 am
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: 1B on Dino Nuggets
- Replies: 2
- Views: 198
Re: 1B on Dino Nuggets
So this molecule has three resonance structures because there is a double bond and two single bonds between the carbons and oxygens. As a result, because we know that in resonance, the actual structure is a blend/hybrid of all of the resonance structures, all of the bond lengths are the same. As a r...
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 11:37 am
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarizing Power (Trends)
- Replies: 3
- Views: 318
Re: Polarizing Power (Trends)
Polarizing power is related to positive nuclear charge of a cation. Generally, more polarizing power means that it has a smaller radius and therefore is holding onto its electrons very tightly. These atoms do not have a lot of electron shielding, so has a very strong positive charge.
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 11:36 am
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Expanded Octets
- Replies: 6
- Views: 465
Re: Expanded Octets
Most of the time when you have a molecule that can form an expanded octet, such as Xenon, you know that it has eight valance electrons. In bonding, you're trying to reduce formal charge, so you can form double bonds between Xenon and other atoms to reduce the formal charge as much as possible.
- Wed Nov 06, 2019 11:34 am
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Odd Number of V e-
- Replies: 3
- Views: 210
Re: Odd Number of V e-
Yes, when there is an odd number of valance electrons, you want to follow the same bonding conventions as usual and put negative charges on the most electronegative atoms
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 8:32 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: 2C.9
- Replies: 4
- Views: 125
Re: 2C.9
Remember that formal charge equation is #valance electrons - ((bonding electrons/2) + electrons in lone pairs)
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 8:29 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Converting mass to kilograms for de broglie
- Replies: 7
- Views: 236
Re: Converting mass to kilograms for de broglie
if you are trying to find the mass of one atom of potassium to substitute into de broglie's equation, you would have 1 atom of K, multiply by the reciprocal of avogadro's number to get moles. From moles convert to grams, from grams convert to kilograms. From there substitute into de broglie's equati...
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 8:25 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: Threshold Energy
- Replies: 2
- Views: 106
Re: Threshold Energy
threshold energy is also called the work function. Remember in the photoelectric effect experiment, the incoming energy of electromagnetic radiation needed to reach a certain threshold energy, or threshold frequency, to be able to eject an electron. You can calculate this with the equation that stat...
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 8:22 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: Electronegativity
- Replies: 7
- Views: 236
Re: Electronegativity
We won't need to know exact numbers, just trends. Electronegativity increases up and to the right of the periodic table.
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 8:21 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: What does electronegativity affect?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 129
Re: What does electronegativity affect?
High electronegativity means that it has a high attraction to electrons. Therefore, atoms that have high electronegativity are likely to form bonds by accepting electrons from other atoms, to fill its valance shell
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 4:12 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: memorize radiation and its frequencys?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 90
Re: memorize radiation and its frequencys?
yeah we are supposed to for sure know the wavelength of visible light. Also, it's easier and recommended that you memorize the wavelengths instead of frequency because the numbers are much easier to memorize!
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 4:04 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Which element is stronger in IE?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 91
Re: Which element is stronger in IE?
yes, when an atom is in a noble gas configuration, its valance shell is completely filled which means that it is stable. This is why the ionization energy is going to be extremely high. When the valance shell is filled, the atom is stable, and is not going to want to gain or lose any extra electrons.
- Thu Oct 24, 2019 3:48 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: 1E.13
- Replies: 3
- Views: 188
Re: 1E.13
just remember that for ground state electrons, the electrons are in the lowest energy levels possible. So the electrons are not in an excited state.
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 12:17 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Energy of spdf orbitals
- Replies: 11
- Views: 371
Re: Energy of spdf orbitals
Even thought they are in the same shell, n = 2, they are in different subshells. The 2s subshell provides slight electron shielding to the 2p subshell which means that the effective nuclear charge is not felt by the 2p electrons as strongly.
- Wed Oct 23, 2019 12:10 am
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Electron Configurations
- Replies: 13
- Views: 2919
Re: Electron Configurations
Yeah, look at the periodic table. But also, you can just know certain facts like when n = 1, there is only the s subshell. For n = 2, there is only the s and p subshell. for n = 3, there are s, p, and d subshells, and so on. And when writing electron configurations, you always write in the order of ...
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 10:31 am
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: Diffraction Patterns
- Replies: 5
- Views: 210
Re: Diffraction Patterns
constructive interference is when two waves interacting with one another are in phase with one another. So, when the waves interact the amplitude of the waves add together. Destructive interference, on the other hand, is when the waves are out of phases, so when they interact with one another, the w...
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 10:28 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Determining Orbitals Based on Periodic Table
- Replies: 2
- Views: 104
Re: Determining Orbitals Based on Periodic Table
Yes, there is also the f orbital which is at the very bottom of the periodic table, but for the purposes of our class, we don't need to memorize anything about the f block.
- Thu Oct 17, 2019 10:26 am
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Orbital shapes
- Replies: 3
- Views: 116
Re: Orbital shapes
I think in class Dr. Lavelle said that we won't be asked to draw the orbitals on tests, but in general, you can guess the shapes based on the axes that they are on. So just remember which way is the x, y, and z axis.
- Tue Oct 15, 2019 11:50 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Chemistry Grades
- Replies: 4
- Views: 216
Re: Chemistry Grades
For the grades I think that it just depends on who your TA is. Every TA updates the grades at different times in comparison to each other.
- Tue Oct 15, 2019 5:18 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Atomic Spectra Wave Model or Particle Model?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 225
Re: Atomic Spectra Wave Model or Particle Model?
Atomic spectroscopy is the analysis of electromagnetic radiation that is emitted or absorbed and corresponds to the spectral lines that we see. These lines as we talked about in class, are unique to every element and are a result of the particle characteristics of electrons. This is because spectral...
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 11:48 am
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: L37
- Replies: 3
- Views: 730
Re: L37
Yes, so for how to approach or attack these problem, you should start off by looking at what is given and what you are looking for. For example, in part a you are given the molarity of your concentrated solution (.50 M). You are also told that the final product you are looking for is 1.00 L of .50 M...
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 11:29 am
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Photoelectric Effect
- Replies: 4
- Views: 190
Re: Photoelectric Effect
When you look at light as a wave, the intensity of light refers to the amplitude of the wave. In the world, you will see the increase in the amplitude of a wave as an increase in the brightness of the light source.
- Tue Oct 08, 2019 9:40 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Test #1-Bruincard
- Replies: 4
- Views: 253
Re: Test #1-Bruincard
For this test, just make sure that you have your ID number memorized!
- Tue Oct 08, 2019 9:38 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Work Function
- Replies: 2
- Views: 149
Re: Work Function
The work function is the minimum amount of energy a photon needs to have in order to eject an electron. In other words, it is the threshold energy. You can solve this by the equation E(photon) - work function = E(excess/KE).
- Tue Oct 08, 2019 4:22 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Showing work/ rearranging equations
- Replies: 8
- Views: 708
Re: Showing work/ rearranging equations
I do not think that you will be marked off if you don't rearrange the equation. What matters is that you show your work on how you get the answer and that the actual answer is correct.
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 10:13 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: Practice Problem E.1
- Replies: 6
- Views: 193
Re: Practice Problem E.1
a pm is 1E-12 m. And yes, the answer should usually be in meters but it doesn't really matter. I would say it depends on what the question is asking for.
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 10:11 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: Mixtures and Solutions G.21
- Replies: 2
- Views: 118
Re: Mixtures and Solutions G.21
First you would convert all of the masses of compounds into moles. From there, you would look at the molar ratios of the potassium and sodium ions to their prospective compounds, and calculate the moles of these ions within the solution.
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 10:08 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: Dilution and Molarity Questions
- Replies: 8
- Views: 556
Re: Dilution and Molarity Questions
When you begin with a dilution or molarity problem, first, just remember that molarity is the total moles of some solute (mol) divided by the total volume of a solvent (L). So with all of the given information, if you have something in grams I would begin with converting it to moles, and then carefu...
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 12:33 am
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Example H.1
- Replies: 4
- Views: 450
Re: Example H.1
Also, when balancing equations with Oxygen in the problem, Oxygen does not appear as simply one Oxygen because it is a diatomic molecule. This means that Oxygen forms molecules of two atoms bonded together to make O2. Therefore, if there is Oxygen involved in the reaction like in the combustion of h...