CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Kelly Cai 4D

Bis: 2
Tris: 3
Tetrakis: 4

How many ligands does pentakis refer to?

Kelly Cai 4D

When we write out the name of a coordination compound, we write it out according to alphabetic order. Does it rule apply when we take the name of a coordination compound and write the formula? Or does alphabetic order not matter?

Are both formulas acceptable? [Pt(cl2)(nh3)2] versus [Pt(nh3)2(cl)2]

Kelly Cai 4D

A double bond, consisting of a sigma and a pi bond, is often denoted by the sigma bond and pi (atom 2p, atom 2p) if both atoms are in the second period. However if we were to label the hybridization of a triple bond, would we label the sigma bond then write pi (atom 2p, atom 2p) twice?

Kelly Cai 4D

How do we determine hybridization of lone pairs?

During Lyndon's review session, he labelled the hybridization of the lone pairs of an oxygen atom, which consisted of 2 sets of lone pairs and a double bond, as O (2p2). How did he establish that hybridization?

Kelly Cai 4D

When comparing the relative strengths of an acid, we can look at the bond length connecting the anion with the H+. When doing so, the longer the bond means the acid is more likely to dissociate and release a proton. Therefore, longer bond lengths correspond with stronger acids. However, we discussed...

Kelly Cai 4D

When HCN dissolves in H2O, this forms CN- and hydroxide. HCN is the acid and CN- is the conjugate base. However, is H2O the base or is it the conjugate acid?

Kelly Cai 4D

In lecture, we discussed how the acid would be negatively charged if the pH is greater than the pKa as the acid is more likely to give off a proton in this alkaline environment. If the pH and pKa were equal, does this mean the acid would be neutral?

Kelly Cai 4D

Decide whether an aqueous solution of each of the follow-ing salts has a pH equal to, greater than, or less than 7. If pH>7 or pH< 7, write a chemical equation to justify your answer. (a) NH4Br; (b) Na2CO3; (c) KF; (d) KBr; (e) AlCl3; (f) Cu(NO3)2

Kelly Cai 4D

Suggest an explanation for the different strengths of (a) ace- tic acid and trichloroacetic acid; (b) acetic acid and formic acid.

Kelly Cai 4D

A careless laboratory technician wants to prepare 200.0 mL of a 0.025 m HCl(aq) solution but uses a volumetric flask of volume 250.0 mL by mistake. (a) What would the pH of the desired solution have been? (b) What will be the actual pH of the solution as prepared?

Kelly Cai 4D

The molar concentration of HCl in hydrochloric acid is reduced to 12% of its initial value by dilution. What is the difference in the pH values of the two solutions?

Kelly Cai 4D

State whether the following oxides are acidic, basic, or amphoteric: (a) BaO; (b) SO3; (c) As2O3; (d) Bi2O3.

Kelly Cai 4D

In lecture, we discussed that Bronsted acids are proton donors while Lewis acids specifies that they accept electron pairs. Is this the main difference between these two? Are there other explanations and reasons that differentiate these two?

Kelly Cai 4D

9C.7 Which of the following isomers of diaminobenzene can form chelating complexes? Explain your reasoning.

I'm more confused about the reasoning aspect of this. Thank you!

Kelly Cai 4D

What is the formula for

(a). potassium hexacyanidochromate (III)

Kelly Cai 4D

With the help of Table 9C.1, determine the coordination number of the metal ion in each of the following complexes: (a) [NiCl4]2–; (b) [Ag(NH3)2] +; (c) [PtCl2(en)2]2+; (d) [Cr(edta)]1-

Kelly Cai 4D

Which of the following ligands can be polydentate? If the ligand can be polydentate, give the maximum number of places on the ligand that can bind simultaneously to a single metal center: (a) HN(CH2CH2NH2)2; (b) CO3-2; (c) H2O; (d) oxalate.

Kelly Cai 4D

Use Lewis structures and the VSEPR model to give the VSEPR formula for each of the following species and predict its shape: (a) sulfur tetrachloride; (b) iodine trichloride; (c) IF4 -1; (d) xenon trioxide.

Kelly Cai 4D

a) What is the shape of a thionyl chloride molecule, SOCl2? Sulfur is the central atom. (b) How many different OSCl bond angles are there in this molecule? (c) What values are expected for the OSCl and ClSCl bond angles?

Kelly Cai 4D

In lecture, we discussed that this sulfate ion, so3 (2-), has the molecular shape of trigonal planar. However, our textbook states that it's actually trigonal pyramidal. From my understanding, it has 4 regions of electron density and therefore it has an electron arrangement of tetrahedral. However, ...

Kelly Cai 4D

Our textbook discussed how "bond strengths are approximately transferrable between molecules, so atomic radii are similar in whatever molecule they form."

What exactly does it mean when it highlights transferrable bond strengths and how does it relate to atomic radii?

Kelly Cai 4D

In the textbook, it stated that a high dissociation energy is related to a deep potential energy and strong bonds. What is a deep potential energy?

Kelly Cai 4D

Account for the following observations in terms of the type and strength of intermolecular forces. (a) The melting point of solid xenon is 2112 8C and that of solid argon is 2189 8C. (b) The vapor pressure of diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5) is greater than that of water. (c) The boiling point of pentane, ...

Kelly Cai 4D

Explain the difference in the boiling points of AsF3 (63 8C) and AsF5 (253 8C).

Kelly Cai 4D

Suggest, giving reasons, which substance in each of the fol- lowing pairs is likely to have the higher normal melting point (Lewis structures may help your arguments): (a) HCl or NaCl; (b) C2H5OC2H5 (diethyl ether) or C4H9OH (butanol); (c) CHI3 or CHF3; (d) C2H4 or CH3OH.

Kelly Cai 4D

For which of the following molecules will dipole–dipole inter- actions be important: (a) CH4; (b) CH3Cl; (c) CH2Cl2; (d) CHCl3; (e) CCl4?

Kelly Cai 4D

Identify the types of attractive intermolecular interactions that might arise between molecules of each of the following sub- stances: (a) NH2OH; (b) CBr4; (c) H2SeO4; (d) SO2.

Kelly Cai 4D

Which bond is longer: (a) the CN bond in HCN or in H3CNH2? (b) The NF bond in NF3 or the PF bond in PF3?

Does this relate to the inverse relationship between bond length and bond order?

Kelly Cai 4D

What is a hamiltonian and how does it relate to a wavefunction squared and the probability density of finding an electron in a certain region?

Kelly Cai 4D

In the molecule N20, why is nitrogen the central atom? Isn't the central atom the element with the least ionization energy? Between oxygen and nitrogen, oxygen has a lower ionization energy.

Kelly Cai 4D

Arrange the anions Cl 1-,Br 1- ,N 3-,and O 2- in order of
increasing polarizability and give reasons for your decisions.

Kelly Cai 4D

Arrange the cations Rb +1, Be +2, and Sr +2 in order of increasing polarizing power. Explain your reasoning.

What is polarizing power?

Kelly Cai 4D

What are the principal and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers for each of the following orbitals: (a) 6p; (b) 3d; (c) 2p; (d) 5f?

Kelly Cai 4D

When discussing about the different blocks and the second quantum number, is the s-orbital only represented by l=0 regardless of what energy shell the electron is located in? For example, regardless if the electron is in the 2 or 4 shell, is the s-orbital always signified by l=0, p-orbital with l= 1...

Kelly Cai 4D

For the p-orbital, ml values can be either -1, 0, or 1. Do these values correspond with the three orbitals respectively _ [first p-orbital], _ [second p-orbital], and _ [third p-orbital] with the first p-orbital labeled as -1, the second p-orbital labeled as 0, and the third p-orbital labeled at 1? ...

Kelly Cai 4D

In a recent suspense film, two secret agents must penetrate a criminal's stronghold monitored by a lithium photomultiplier cell that is continually bathed in light from a laser. If the beam of light is broken, an alarm sounds. The agents want to use a hand- held laser to illuminate the cell while th...

Kelly Cai 4D

Ionization energies usually increase on going from left to right across the periodic table. The ionization energy for oxygen, however, is lower than that of either nitrogen or fluorine. Explain this anomaly.

Kelly Cai 4D

Which of the following subshells cannot exist in an atom:
(a)2d
(b)4d
(c)4g
(d)6f

Kelly Cai 4D

How many orbitals are present in the (a) 4p-subshell; (b) 3d-subshell; (c) 1s-subshell; (d) 4f-subshell of an atom?

Kelly Cai 4D

How many orbitals are in subshells with l equal to (a) 0; (b) 2; (c) 1; (d) 3?

Kelly Cai 4D

Protons and neutrons have nearly the same mass. How different are their wavelengths? Calculate the wavelength of each particle when traveling 2.75 * 10^5 m/s in a particle accelerator and report the difference as a percentage of the wavelength of the neutron.

Kelly Cai 4D

A lamp rated at 32 W (1 W= 1 J/s) emits violet light of wavelength 420 nm. How many photons of violet light can the lamp generate in 2.0 s? How many moles of photons are emitted in that time interval?

Kelly Cai 4D

From the following list of observations, select the one that best supports the idea that electromagnetic radiation has the properties of particles. Explain your reasoning.

(a). black-body radiation
(b). electron diffraction
(c). atomic spectra
(d). the photoelectric effect

Kelly Cai 4D

Give the notation for the valance-shell configuration (including the outermost d-electrons) of (a) the alkali metals; (b) Group 15 elements; (c) Group 5 transition metals; (d) the "coinage" metals (Cu, Ag, Au).

Kelly Cai 4D

How many orbitals are in subshells with l equal to (a) 0; (b) 2; (c) 1; (d) 3?

Kelly Cai 4D

Write the subshell notation (3d, for instance) and the number of orbitals having the following quantum numbers: (a) n=5, l=2; (b)n=1, l=0; (c) n=6, l=3; (d)n=2, l=1.

Kelly Cai 4D

How many orbitals are present in the (a) 4p-subshell; (b) 3d-subshell; (c) 1s-subshell; (d) 4f-subshell of an atom?

Kelly Cai 4D

Sodium vapor lamps, used for public lighting, emit yellow light of wavelength 589 nm. How much energy is emitted by (a) an excited sodium atom when it generates a photon; (b) 5.00 mg of sodium atoms emitting light at this wavelength; (c) 1.00 mol of sodium atoms emitting light at this wavelength?

Kelly Cai 4D

Protons and neutrons have nearly the same mass. How different are their wavelengths? Calculate the wavelength of each particle when traveling at 2.75 x 10^5 m/s in a particle accelerator and report the difference as a percentage of the wavelength of the neutron.

Kelly Cai 4D

From the following list of observations, select the one that best supports the idea that electromagnetic radiation has the properties of particles. Explain your reasoning.

a.) black-body radiation
b.) electron diffraction
c.) atomic spectra
d.) the photoelectric effect

Kelly Cai 4D

Aluminum metal reacts with chlorine gas to produce aluminum chloride. In one preparation, 225 g of aluminum is placed in a container holding 535 g of chlorine gas. After reaction ceases, it is found that 300. g of aluminum chloride has been produced. (a.) Write the balanced equation for the reaction...

Kelly Cai 4D

A stimulant in coffee and tea is caffeine, a substance of molar mass 194 g/mol. When 0.376 g of caffeine was burned, 0.682 g of carbon dioxide, 0.179 g of water, and 0.110 g of nitrogen were formed. Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of caffeine, and write the equation for its combustion.

Kelly Cai 4D

A 1.50 g sample of metallic tin was placed in a 26.45 g crucible and heated until all the tin had reacted with the oxygen in air to form an oxide. The crucible and product together were found to weigh 28.35 g.
(a.) What is the empirical formula of the oxide?
(b.) Write the name of the oxide.

Kelly Cai 4D

In medicine it is sometimes necessary to prepare solutions with a specific concentration of a given ion. A lab technician has made up 100.0 ml of a solution containing 0.50 g of NaCl and 0.30 g of KCL, as well as glucose and other sugars. What is the concentration of chloride ions in the solution?

Kelly Cai 4D

In an experiment, 4.14g of phosphorus combined with chlorine to produce 27.8 g of a white solid compound.
A.) What is the empirical formula of the compound?
B.) Assuming that the empirical and molecular formulas of the compound are the same, what is its name?

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