Search found 101 matches
- Mon Mar 16, 2020 12:38 pm
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Athena
- Replies: 34
- Views: 3038
Re: Athena
Dear Dr. Lavelle, Thank you for being a great professor for Chem 14A and 14B! I really enjoyed your lectures over these past two quarters, and I feel like I was able to learn the most not just content-wise in your class, but also more personal skills in becoming a better student as I transitioned in...
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 1:53 am
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Effect of temperature 7D.7
- Replies: 3
- Views: 321
Re: Effect of temperature 7D.7
I think it doesn't matter if the reaction is exothermic or endothermic because those are the final states while Kinetics focuses on the transition between reactants to products. Increasing the temperature will then increase the rate constant!
- Wed Mar 11, 2020 12:26 am
- Forum: Reaction Mechanisms, Reaction Profiles
- Topic: Relationship between k and k'
- Replies: 2
- Views: 212
Relationship between k and k'
Is there a relationship between k and k'? similar to how Kc of the reverse reaction is Kc^-1?
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 11:56 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: 7E.1
- Replies: 3
- Views: 246
Re: 7E.1
Catalysts will still increase the rate of the reverse reaction. This is because a Catalyst will lower the activation energy of a reaction. Thus it will still be a decrease in Ea going in reverse. Delta H will have no change
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 11:48 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: Derivation of Arrhenius Equation
- Replies: 6
- Views: 447
Derivation of Arrhenius Equation
I was wondering how the ln(k') - ln(k) = Ea/R ((1/T)-(1/T')) is derived? What was the starting equation for this? I'm curious because this equation is not on the equation sheet.
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 10:26 pm
- Forum: Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts
- Topic: 7D.1
- Replies: 4
- Views: 312
7D.1
The rate constant of the first-order reaction 2 N2O(g) -> 2 N2(g) + O2(g) is 0.76 s^-1 at 1000. K and 0.87 s^-1 at 1030. K. Calculate the activation energy of the reaction. How do we approach this question? are we supposed to substitute for k and T into Arrhenius's Equation to create a system of equ...
- Sun Mar 08, 2020 11:27 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Difference between each order of reaction
- Replies: 3
- Views: 309
Difference between each order of reaction
What's the difference between a zeroth, 1st and 2nd order reaction? Is it that they occur based on the number of reactants present? Also when having more than one reaction why does the overall reaction number the sum of all individual order reactions?
- Sun Mar 08, 2020 5:47 pm
- Forum: Second Order Reactions
- Topic: half life
- Replies: 6
- Views: 345
Re: half life
The half-life of a reaction is the amount of time it takes for the initial concentration of half. It is related to kinetics with the equation t(1/2)=ln(2)/k where k is the reaction rate constant within a first order reaction.
- Sun Mar 08, 2020 5:43 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Oxidizing and Reducing
- Replies: 5
- Views: 342
Re: Oxidizing and Reducing
I think the half-reaction when written in the form of reduction and has the most positive cell potential, will be placed at the Cathode to be Reduced. Thus the other reaction which is either negative or less than the reduction reaction will be flipped, placed at the Anode and then oxidized. In summa...
- Wed Mar 04, 2020 9:55 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N 13
- Replies: 4
- Views: 731
Re: 6N 13
I got the same result as you... I'm not sure but based on previous posts for the same question they have said there is an error in the solutions manual. However, the answer that they got was also different which confuses me even more :/
- Mon Mar 02, 2020 2:39 pm
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Need Lecture Slides from3/2!
- Replies: 2
- Views: 309
Need Lecture Slides from3/2!
Hi Guys, I'm currently really sick and do not feel well enough to attend lecture in person. Can someone please send me the slides from today? Thanks!
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 10:08 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Salt Bridge
- Replies: 4
- Views: 885
Re: Salt Bridge
Salt Bridges are essentially needed to create a complete circuit for electrons to flow and create a complete circuit so that E can be maximized. Usually, a salt bridge consists of a high concentration of easily dissolvable ions like NaNO3 to create Na+ and NO3-. Na+ will then flow to the Cathode whe...
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 9:04 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K5D
- Replies: 1
- Views: 143
6K5D
Balance each of the following skeletal equations by using oxidation and reduction half-reactions. All the reactions take place in a basic solution. Identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent in each reaction. P4(s) --> H2PO2-(aq) + PH3(aq) for this redox reaction, how do we start the question b...
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 11:20 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Electrodes of Galvanic Cells
- Replies: 2
- Views: 204
Electrodes of Galvanic Cells
How do we determine whether the electrode of a galvanic cell is going to be a metal element or Platinum? Is it safe to assume all solid forms within redox reactions serve as the electrode?
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 4:41 pm
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K5A
- Replies: 3
- Views: 263
6K5A
Balance each of the following skeletal equations by using oxidation and reduction half-reactions. All the reactions take place in basic solution. Identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent in each reaction. O3(aq) + Br-(aq) --> O2(g) + BrO3-(aq) I understand that Br is being oxidized, however, ...
- Wed Feb 26, 2020 4:22 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N3A
- Replies: 4
- Views: 373
6N3A
Predict the potential of each of the following cells: Pt(s) | H2(g, 1.0 bar) | HCl(aq, 0.075 mol*L^-1) || HCl(aq, 1.0 mol*L^-1) | H2(g, 1.0 bar) | Pt(s) When using the Nernst Equation, I understand that E knot is zero, however, how do you find a value to plug into N for the equation above? On the eq...
- Fri Feb 21, 2020 10:38 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Adding Water in Redox Reactions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 362
Adding Water in Redox Reactions
Within a redox reaction, when is it applicable to add water molecules? Why can we do this? and is there any other type of compound we can just add into our redox reaction?
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 12:46 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: Cathode to the Right Rule
- Replies: 6
- Views: 444
Cathode to the Right Rule
I'm not sure if this is a rule that is always applicable. When we see either a visual diagram or simplified galvanic cell in terms of compounds (i.e. Ni | Ni2+ || Ag+ | Ag ), is it safe to assume the cathode will always be placed on the right? If so, are we expected to do the same at all times?
- Thu Feb 20, 2020 12:43 am
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Number of Chemistry Community Posts
- Replies: 2
- Views: 215
Re: Number of Chemistry Community Posts
I hit "quick links" on the top left, then select "Your Posts", the number of posts you have made will appear on the top right below your user name and notifications tab!
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 10:20 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K.3d
- Replies: 1
- Views: 653
Re: 6K.3d
Based on previous threads, on the product is supposed to yield Cl- and not Cl2. I don't know if this is right but the reduction half reaction was Cl2 to 2Cl- plus 2 e- since the oxidation state of Cl2 goes from 0 to -1
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 1:31 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K3D
- Replies: 1
- Views: 139
6K3D
Balance each of the following skeletal equations by using oxidation and reduction half-reactions. All the reactions take place in acidic solution
d) Cl2(g) -> HClO(aq) + Cl2(g)
How exactly do you solve this question? I'm stuck on identifying what is oxidized and what is reduced?
d) Cl2(g) -> HClO(aq) + Cl2(g)
How exactly do you solve this question? I'm stuck on identifying what is oxidized and what is reduced?
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 9:30 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Pizza Rolls 3B
- Replies: 2
- Views: 300
Pizza Rolls 3B
Dr. Lavelle picks up the ice cream that he has just heated up (-2.8 Celsius) and accidentally drops it on the ground and can’t eat it. Tears streaming down his face, he watches as half of it melts away when he realizes that from the moment he dropped the ice cream until now, it has received exactly ...
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 5:53 pm
- Forum: Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. , Using Standard Molar Entropies)
- Topic: Different Types of Entropies
- Replies: 6
- Views: 515
Different Types of Entropies
Through practice problems, I have come across various types of Entropies including S, Delta S, Delta S total, and Delta S surroundings. What do each one of them mean and how do they relate to each other? Thanks!
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 3:17 pm
- Forum: Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric)
- Topic: C in nCv ln (T2/T1)
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1165
C in nCv ln (T2/T1)
What is the C represent? I thought it was a heat capacity but why is it capitalized? is it a constant? or does it depend on the compound at hand? Also when is it applicable for us to use the equation?
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 10:09 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: 4I.5
- Replies: 1
- Views: 81
4I.5
Suppose that 50.0 g of water at 20.0 Celcius is mixed with 65.0 g of water at 50.0 Celcius at constant atmospheric pressure in a thermally insulated vessel. Calculate Delta S and Delta Stot for the process. How do you start this question? What is the difference between Delta S and Delta S total? and...
- Mon Feb 10, 2020 1:46 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: 4A13
- Replies: 1
- Views: 107
4A13
A constant-volume calorimeter was calibrated by carrying out a reaction known to release 3.50 kJ of heat in 0.200 L of a solution in the calorimeter (q = -23.50 kJ), resulting in a temperature rise of 7.32 Celcius. In a subsequent experiment, 100.0 mL of 0.200 m HBr(aq) and 100.0 mL of 0.200 m KOH(a...
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 10:27 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: ∆U and ∆H
- Replies: 6
- Views: 256
Re: ∆U and ∆H
Delta U is the change in internal energy and Delta H is the change in Enthalpy. Enthalpy is only accounting for the heat entering or leaving a system while internal energy accounts for all types of energy. The two relate because the change in internal energy equals the change in enthalpy plus the wo...
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 1:06 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Reversible vs Irreversible
- Replies: 4
- Views: 232
Re: Reversible vs Irreversible
In the Chemical Equilibrium unit, I believe that we discussed this. Basically all reactions are reversible but it may be in very VERY small quantities. If the Kc of the reaction is between 10^-3 and 10^3, then it does not favor the products or reactants. Therefore, it is can be running in the revers...
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 1:00 am
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: HW 4F.1
- Replies: 5
- Views: 177
HW 4F.1
A human body generates heat at a rate of about 100. W (1 W=1J*s^-1). (a) At what rate does your body heat generate entropy in your surroundings, taken to be at 20 degrees C? (b) How much entropy do you generate each day? (c) Would the entropy generated be greater or less if you were in a room kept a...
- Wed Feb 05, 2020 12:47 am
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: 4D5
- Replies: 3
- Views: 115
Re: 4D5
W is positive because in the question it states that "work is done on the system". Furthermore, if you do use W = -P delta V, the final volume minus the initial volume will be a negative number since it is compressed into a smaller volume. Thus delta V will be negative and that cancels out...
- Mon Feb 03, 2020 3:53 pm
- Forum: Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature
- Topic: Diagram Discussed in 2/3 Lecture
- Replies: 1
- Views: 119
Diagram Discussed in 2/3 Lecture
Can someone help explain the diagram of the isothermal reversible expansion Dr. Lavelle explained in class today? How is temperature considered constant when heat (noted by the red arrows) get added into the system, and I'm also confused about why the pressure gets doubled. Thanks!
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 10:32 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Temperature
- Replies: 6
- Views: 375
Re: Temperature
Think about an exothermic reaction as heat produced on the products side of the reactants. If you increase the amount of heat in the system, then the reaction will be driven to the other way in favor of the reactants because in order to remove heat from the system by Le Chatelier's Principle, the re...
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 10:24 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Temperature
- Replies: 14
- Views: 522
Re: Temperature
A Negative Delta H is an exothermic reaction where heat leaves the system and enters the surroundings.
- Wed Jan 29, 2020 10:22 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Moles
- Replies: 8
- Views: 520
Re: Moles
To determine which side has more moles to calculate which direction Le Chatelier's principle deviates yo, you just need the compare the total of the coefficient of the products to that of the reactants AFTER you balance the chemical equation. The reaction will favor the side with lesser moles if you...
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 11:51 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Cpm vs. Cvm
- Replies: 2
- Views: 376
Cpm vs. Cvm
Why is Cpm and Cvm different from each other on the molecular? and why do they equal 5/2*R and 3/2*R respectively? Is it possible to keep both pressure and volume constant?
- Tue Jan 28, 2020 10:55 pm
- Forum: Phase Changes & Related Calculations
- Topic: Calculating Work
- Replies: 6
- Views: 176
Calculating Work
When calculating work, how do you determine the sign? What does negative work mean and how is work different from heat? (The only work definition I really know is the Physics definition where W=Fd).
- Wed Jan 22, 2020 10:17 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 6E3
- Replies: 2
- Views: 155
Re: 6E3
Ka2 will be insignificant in terms of being able to round your denominator when solving for x. Because Ka2 is always smaller than Ka1, then if Ka1 can be rounded, you could also round Ka2. However, I would suggest you to always calculate Ka2 as it could have a significant effect on the pH of the sol...
- Wed Jan 22, 2020 10:05 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: polyprotic acids
- Replies: 3
- Views: 110
Re: polyprotic acids
You would need to calculate it twice I believe and then add the concentration of [H+] together. This is because the equilibrium constant is different for the removal of the first proton compared to the second one. Thus Ka1 will be greater than Ka2.
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 10:56 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: molarity
- Replies: 1
- Views: 54
Re: molarity
To find the molarity it is the same way for single coefficient compounds and multiple. What is different is that those with multiple coefficient compounds you would need to power them when calculating the K constant. In your example, Q = [(12/0.6)(3/0.6)]/[(3/0.6)(6/0.6)^3]= 0.02. Thus the reaction ...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 10:18 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Practice Problem 5.35
- Replies: 1
- Views: 82
Practice Problem 5.35
Full Question decpicted here: https://imgur.com/a/8JCAUbw For part B, when I calcultated the equilibrium constant K = (Pc)^2 * (Pb)/(Pa)^2 and plugged in values from the graph, I get 100* 5/(17.5)^2 which equals 1.6326 The answer key says the correct answer is 1.54 * 10^-2. Where is the error I made...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 10:12 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Post Assessment PART 1B NUMBER 47
- Replies: 1
- Views: 144
Re: Post Assessment PART 1B NUMBER 47
The answer should be B. In this question, you are simply asked to convert concentrations at equilibrium to partial pressures at equilibrium. To do so, the partial pressure always equals the concentration in moles per liter times the R value times the temperature in Kelvin. Doing all the steps above ...
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 1:42 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: equilibrium constant
- Replies: 5
- Views: 164
Re: equilibrium constant
K is the equilibrium constant to show the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium. There are various types of equilibrium constants such as kc, kp, ka, and kb but all that changes is what is compared to one another. For example, kc is the ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentr...
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 1:38 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: strong vs weak
- Replies: 4
- Views: 107
Re: strong vs weak
I believe pH + pOH = 14 could be used for Strong and Weak acids and bases because you can calculate the pH of a weak acid. for pKa + pKb = 14, that equation should only apply to weak acids and bases because ions completely dissociate in strong acids and bases.
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 1:36 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: cubic equations
- Replies: 2
- Views: 84
Re: cubic equations
As Lavelle said in today's lecture, a change is insignificant when the K constant is less than 1 * 10^-3 or 0.001. I would assume the same thing will apply if the K constant is greater than 10^3 or 1,000.
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 10:53 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Autoprolysis
- Replies: 9
- Views: 646
Re: Autoprolysis
The only other significant autoprolysis examples I could think of are 2NH3 (ammonia) forming NH2- and NH4+ as well as 2CH3COOH (acetic acid) forming CH3COO- and CH3COOH2+. In both examples, a hydrogen atom is removed from one molecule and given to the other same molecule. In the examples however, am...
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 9:18 am
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Outline of Chemical Equilibrium
- Replies: 1
- Views: 50
Re: Outline of Chemical Equilibrium
ATP Hydrolysis is when an ATP Molecule is broken down to release energy and ADP. My understanding is that this relates to Chemical Equilibrium in the case that the body will convert excess energy to ATP so that it could be used later and start the breakdown of ATP if there is not enough energy. It i...
- Wed Jan 08, 2020 12:23 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Relating Limiting Reagent to K
- Replies: 1
- Views: 97
Re: Relating Limiting Reagent to K
For the scope of the class, I'm don't believe that we need to figure out which reagent is the limiting reactant in an equilibrium system because limiting reactants will only be a factor if a reaction drives to completion. If there is an equilibrium constant, then there will always be a certain conce...
- Wed Jan 08, 2020 12:19 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Concentration
- Replies: 3
- Views: 137
Re: Concentration
Because the value of K is constant from the ratio of the concentration of products over reactants. By increasing the equilibrium concentration of reactants, it will then increase the equilibrium concentration of the products in order to drive the reaction forward. This will then decrease the concent...
- Tue Jan 07, 2020 7:34 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Constant Q
- Replies: 2
- Views: 93
Re: Constant Q
Yes, when you solve for Reaction Quotient (Q), it is the exact same as solving for The equilibrium Constant (K). The only difference is that the reaction quotient is not the complete reaction at equilibrium and you must use it to be compared with K to determine whether the reaction will continue in ...
- Tue Jan 07, 2020 5:19 pm
- Forum: Ideal Gases
- Topic: Review Ideal Gases
- Replies: 6
- Views: 298
Re: Review Ideal Gases
One of my favorite ways to review is to watch various videos from YouTube to get a better grasp of the material. Some awesome channels I will recommend you to check out in learning about ideal gases and other concepts in Chemistry are Crash Course, Bozeman Science, and the Organic Chemistry Tutor. I...
- Tue Jan 07, 2020 2:59 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
- Replies: 4
- Views: 118
Re: Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
Changing the equilibrium means that you are taking a system that is in equilibrium and removing a product/reactant so that a reaction could continue to happen. On the other hand, changing the equilibrium constant means that one would need to alter the pressure or temperature of the system as a whole...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 7:32 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Bases
- Topic: What makes an acid more corrosive?
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1129
Re: What makes an acid more corrosive?
An acid is more corrosive when the pKa is lower (or Ka is higher) or is a strong acid. Corrosion happens when a lewis acid gains electron pairs from metal atoms. This makes the metal atoms positively charged, in order to counteract that the metal cation will be oxidized with surrounding oxygen and u...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 7:24 pm
- Forum: Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases
- Topic: pOH
- Replies: 2
- Views: 175
Re: pOH
pOH is basically 14 minus the pH of the solution (which also means pH = 14 - pOH)so it would not be difficult to convert between the two. This information is just good to know since pOH is just measuring the concentration of [OH-] in a base.
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 9:51 am
- Forum: Polyprotic Acids & Bases
- Topic: Direction of Reaction of Polyprotic Acids
- Replies: 2
- Views: 254
Direction of Reaction of Polyprotic Acids
When do you know if a polyprotic acid will release a second H+ ion or instead pick another one up to form an HA compound? For example, when do you know if H2PO4- will release H+ to form HPO4 2- or instead back to H3PO4?
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 9:45 am
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Notes from Wednesday, Dec. 4
- Replies: 3
- Views: 417
Re: Notes from Wednesday, Dec. 4
I uploaded my notes onto imgur (since i can't figure out how to post images here. Hope this was helpful!
https://imgur.com/a/Ig3hgqG
https://imgur.com/a/Ig3hgqG
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 9:41 am
- Forum: Student Social/Study Group
- Topic: Post All Chemistry Jokes Here
- Replies: 9651
- Views: 2999645
Re: Post All Chemistry Jokes Here
What do you always get with your extra swipes at Rende during Week 10?
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5 8 56
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- Thu Nov 28, 2019 10:32 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Weak Acid Strength
- Replies: 3
- Views: 217
Weak Acid Strength
What is the best way to determine which acid is stronger if you are given two different types of weak acids? Is there a foolproof step you can use to determine it?
- Thu Nov 28, 2019 9:54 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Denticity
- Replies: 2
- Views: 186
Re: Denticity
Adding onto Paige's answer, you also need to use the shape of the molecule to determine the denticity of a molecule. If the shape of the molecule does not have lone pairs close enough for the metal cation to bond, then the ligand will differ in Denticity.
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 2:57 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Problem 6C17
- Replies: 1
- Views: 89
Problem 6C17
Which is the stronger base BrO-, or C17H19O3N?
How would one approach a problem like this? is there a ranking of steps to determine if a compound is more acidic/basic?
How would one approach a problem like this? is there a ranking of steps to determine if a compound is more acidic/basic?
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 2:50 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Relative Acidity
- Replies: 3
- Views: 231
Relative Acidity
I didn't understand what makes certain acids stronger than others. Specifically, I don't understand why is it that when a molecule exhibits more of a dipole due to high electronegativity of an element results in it being more of an acid. For this example is it using the Lewis Acid model?
- Wed Nov 27, 2019 2:26 pm
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: Determining Conjugate Acid and Bases
- Replies: 2
- Views: 120
Determining Conjugate Acid and Bases
What is the best way to determine in a reaction on which of the following elements are the acids, conjugate acids, bases, and conjugate bases? Is it possible to find out whether there are more than one of each type if there are more than two reactants/products (ie when the precipitation of a solid o...
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 10:24 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Sigma and Pi Bonds
- Replies: 7
- Views: 442
Re: Sigma and Pi Bonds
Not sure if we need to know this: but I think when reactions occur and bond breaks, the pi bonds break first before the sigma bonds and sigma bonds form before pi bonds when bonds form.
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 10:21 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: EDTA within Cell Passaging
- Replies: 1
- Views: 130
EDTA within Cell Passaging
May be off-topic, but I feel like I have used this compound before when dissociating cells and transferring them to a new culture. Now I am confused about what the purpose of EDTA is within Cell Passaging after learning that it is used to uptake metals?
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 10:13 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Dentate
- Replies: 2
- Views: 167
Re: Dentate
A dentate is how many lone pairs within a ligand that can bind to the metal cation. If there is one, then the ligand is considered a monodentate, if it was two then the ligand is bidentate, three is tri-, four is tetra and so on.
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 10:03 pm
- Forum: Biological Examples
- Topic: Biological Applications to Know
- Replies: 3
- Views: 301
Re: Biological Applications to Know
I'm unsure if there will be more biological concepts but my guess is everything covered in lecture has the possibility to show up on the final!
- Sat Nov 23, 2019 7:02 pm
- Forum: Naming
- Topic: Latin Names of Atoms
- Replies: 4
- Views: 280
Latin Names of Atoms
When we place ligand names in alphabetical order, are we supposed to use the English names or are we supposed to use the Latin names for elements (ie Mercury vs. Hydrargyrum). If so which ones are we supposed to remember?
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 10:55 am
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: London Forces
- Replies: 2
- Views: 61
Re: London Forces
London dispersion forces are present in all atoms because all compounds have electrons and just through random chance electrons may gravitate towards an atom as they are always in motion. Because of this, at any time there will be an atom that is more positive (and one that is more negative), so thu...
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 10:51 am
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Polarizability vs. Electronegativity
- Replies: 3
- Views: 126
Polarizability vs. Electronegativity
I am having trouble differentiating these two terms. What exactly is the difference between the polarizability of an atom vs. its electronegativity? Right now I just see it as complete opposites where an atom with high polarizability won't be electronegative and vice versa.
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 10:47 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Lone Pairs and Bond Angles
- Replies: 2
- Views: 99
Lone Pairs and Bond Angles
I understand that Lone Pairs have a greater repulsion force than the force of atoms have each other. However why exactly is this the case because generally within larger atoms there are more electrons, so shouldn't the number of electrons make a difference? Will there be a case where the repulsion o...
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 10:42 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Repulsion
- Replies: 1
- Views: 114
Re: Repulsion
Yes, greater repulsion strength between two atoms/lone pairs results in a larger bond angle between the two atoms of the same compound. You can determine which bonding pairs have a greater repulsion by the polarizability of the atom. Generally, atoms with a higher number of electrons are more polari...
- Sat Nov 16, 2019 10:32 am
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Types of Forces
- Replies: 2
- Views: 147
Re: Types of Forces
I don't believe that this is possible within the same solution. This is just because a dipole-dipole interaction occurs between two polar molecules, and a dipole induced interaction occurs between a polar molecule and nonpolar molecule. I don't believe you can have a solution that has both polar and...
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 2:20 am
- Forum: Bond Lengths & Energies
- Topic: test 2
- Replies: 16
- Views: 825
Re: test 2
I would assume that the next test will be focused on new concepts, however it is likely that you may need to know some basic chemistry fundamentals to be able to solve multi-part problems. So it is best to still review concepts we have learned especially because the Final exam will then be only 1-2 ...
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 2:03 am
- Forum: Administrative Questions and Class Announcements
- Topic: Commuters
- Replies: 3
- Views: 179
Re: Commuters
Not a commuter but because I had to travel to attend events/plans outside of LA so I wasn't able to attend any review sessions the week leading up to the final. I will suggest what helped me the most in studying for this midterm was to still do as many problems posted as possible. Through Chemistry ...
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 1:36 am
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Polarization of Large Atom
- Replies: 2
- Views: 190
Polarization of Large Atom
In the lecture, we have discussed that London Dispersion forces are stronger within larger atoms because they have a larger number of electrons. But why is that the case because aren't there supposed to be more electron repulsion with more electrons? Thanks :)
- Sat Nov 09, 2019 11:28 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Can polar molecules be more polar than another?
- Replies: 5
- Views: 229
Re: Can polar molecules be more polar than another?
Technically, yes, polar molecules can be more polar than another because the net dipole moments of a molecule can have a greater magnitude than another molecule. I don't think we need to calculate which molecule is more polar than another though.
- Sat Nov 09, 2019 10:40 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: Liquid and Solid formation
- Replies: 2
- Views: 87
Re: Liquid and Solid formation
As you go down in the periodic table for a group, the London dispersion forces of an atom become stronger since there are more electrons present within the atom. As a result of this stronger London dispersion force, the atoms will require more energy placed into the system for it to change phases. T...
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 7:57 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: ionic bonds
- Replies: 4
- Views: 128
Re: ionic bonds
What you have to do in this case is to first figure out the molecular compound from the nomenclature. After doing so, you could try to figure out whether the compound is an ion through its bonds (difference in electronegativity) or dissociation rules. In your example, Sodium Hypochlorite converted t...
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 7:53 pm
- Forum: Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations
- Topic: polar
- Replies: 3
- Views: 121
Re: polar
A molecule is considered polar if the net dipole moment yields zero. As in the case of CO2, the dipole moments yield zero because the molecular structure is linear. In the case of H2O, because the molecule is bent by the lone pairs on the Oxygen atom, there is a net dipole moment and thus the molecu...
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 12:12 am
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Minimizing Formal Charges
- Replies: 5
- Views: 370
Re: Minimizing Formal Charges
I believe when you are minimizing formal charge you are supposed to have all atoms be as close to zero as possible. Meaning that it is best to have a compound with 3 zero charges and one +1 charge rather than two zero charges and one with +1 and one with -1. This is because formal charge relates to ...
- Fri Nov 01, 2019 2:42 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
- Replies: 3
- Views: 93
Re: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
A radical is a compound that has one unpaired electron while a biradical is a compound that has two separate unpaired electrons (not a lone pair), in both situations, the compound is unstable and will not likely remain for a long time within that state.
- Thu Oct 31, 2019 10:38 am
- Forum: Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation
- Topic: Work function units
- Replies: 5
- Views: 290
Re: Work function units
I think it really depends on the context of the question and what you are trying to solve. Within the practice midterm kJ per mole is used which may be needed to be converted to Joules per photon with dimensional analysis to solve the problem. However overall, when stating an answer that has energy,...
- Sat Oct 26, 2019 2:27 am
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Xenon
- Replies: 1
- Views: 93
Re: Xenon
Xenon has a maximum of 18 valence electrons because it is able to access the 4d orbital and place up to 10 electrons there. Therefore, Xenon does not follow the octet rule because it could form bonds with more than 4 elements (ie XeF6)
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 5:49 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Resonance or Lone pair?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 113
Resonance or Lone pair?
How does one figure out if a compound has resonance structures or a lone pair at the central atom? Any explanation helps!
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 5:32 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Reasoning behind the exceptions
- Replies: 3
- Views: 133
Reasoning behind the exceptions
I understand that Boron can have 6 valence electrons to be satisfied, however, why is that the case while Aluminium (same group, one period down) can't (or can it also?!?)? Also why exactly could P, S, and Cl access the d orbital even if the 4s orbital should be filled before then?
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 5:21 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Formal Charge
- Replies: 5
- Views: 167
Re: Formal Charge
One easy way I use to calculate the formal charge of an element is to simply take the number of valence electrons of the element and subtract how many lines and dots are surrounding it. This should be faster to compute, to begin with, however it is still important to understand the full concept.
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 5:17 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Steps to drawing a structure
- Replies: 5
- Views: 195
Re: Steps to drawing a structure
I believe that the reason the least electronegative atom is in the center of an atom because the element in the center of the atom have to share electrons with all the other surrounding elements. By having the least electronegative atom in the center allows for a more stable bond between the element...
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 4:23 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Noble Gas Shortcut
- Replies: 3
- Views: 197
Noble Gas Shortcut
What are the specifics to using the Noble Gas shortcut? Additionally, for example, to write the electron configuration for Argon, are you allowed to just write [Ar]? or do you have to write [Ne] 3s^2 3p^6?
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 4:19 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Spin State
- Replies: 17
- Views: 365
Re: Spin State
Let's talk about spin. What is even going on and how do we know if it's positive or negative? The spin is determined by how many other electrons are in the outermost subshell of the atom. If the subshell is less than half-filled, then electrons with positive spin will fill out the subshell until it...
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 4:10 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: removing electrons
- Replies: 5
- Views: 620
Re: removing electrons
I believe you are supposed to remove the electron in the highest energy shell, subshell, and orbital first. Additionally, you are supposed to remove electrons that have negative spin first before you remove ones with a positive spin within the orbital (aka you want to pull from a paired electron fir...
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 4:04 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: writing electron configurations?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 125
Re: writing electron configurations?
To determine an electron's configuration, all you need to do is to find where the element is on the periodic table and follow the sequence to get it (sequence will always be 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 etc.). You could write the shortcut for it by starting with the most recent noble gas that has a smaller atomic...
- Fri Oct 18, 2019 3:53 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Equations for Test
- Replies: 9
- Views: 315
Re: Equations for Test
I Believe that all equations needed will be given to you on the test (correct me if I'm wrong). You just need to know when to use what equation depending on the givens and modify it for it to solve the unknown!
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:26 pm
- Forum: Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy
- Topic: Best Way To Study?
- Replies: 56
- Views: 3350
Re: Best Way To Study?
It really depends on what you are used to and what you find as most effective through trial and error. I personally will do more practice problems than assigned, go over YouTube videos, modules, and the post assignment quizzes. Still trying to better improve my strategies as times goes on but I thin...
- Sun Oct 13, 2019 4:18 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Photons
- Replies: 5
- Views: 308
Re: Photons
Because photons are released when an electron returns from an excited energy state to its normal energy state, the energy released has to be positive since it is there will always be excess energy released when going from a higher energy state to a lower state.
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 2:50 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Understanding Balmer & Lyman Series
- Replies: 3
- Views: 175
Understanding Balmer & Lyman Series
I am having trouble conceptualizing the importance of these two series shown on the light spectrum. Why are those two regions important/highlighted and how does it relate to n? (I'm not completely sure but is n denoted as the energy level of the electron in this case?)
- Thu Oct 10, 2019 2:18 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: HW 1B9
- Replies: 2
- Views: 118
HW 1B9
A Lamp Rated at 32W (1W=Js^-1) emits violet light of wavelength 420 nm, how many photons of violet light can the lamp generate in 2 seconds? How many moles of photons were emitted in 2 seconds? For this question, I first calculated how much energy is released by a single photon through using E=\frac...
- Mon Oct 07, 2019 12:32 am
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics
- Replies: 1
- Views: 89
Re: Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics
I would say these two models compliment each other. This is becasue in quantum mechanics the unit is so small to the point that it could only be possible to flow one molecule each time. While in classical mechanics, the descrete unit could be also well defined as a value even if water is continuousl...
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 2:10 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Calculator Question
- Replies: 13
- Views: 704
Re: Calculator Question
If you're a Texas Instrument type of person, I would suggest to get the TI-30XIIS. That was the calculator I used in AP Chem and in my opinion it is the best non-graphing scientific calculator to get. Other than that I use the TI-BAII Plus as of right now, not a huge fan of it because it is mainly u...
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 12:46 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Tips on what number to multiply the entire equation if needed
- Replies: 8
- Views: 1616
Re: Tips on what number to multiply the entire equation if needed
I believe you could always use whatever number is on the denominator to make the equation whole. For example if one reactant after balancing has 7/4 as its coefficient, you could simply multiply the entire equation by 4 to get everything to a whole number. If there are more than one fraction in the ...
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 12:39 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: Dilution when it comes to percentage
- Replies: 3
- Views: 101
Dilution when it comes to percentage
I'm not sure if this would be on the test but i'm curious on how to do these types of questions anyways so i'll ask a hypothetical question here. (Hypothetical Example) Does anyone know how to calculate how much water is needed to dilute a 100mL of 50% glucose to a solution that is 20% glucose? Does...
- Tue Oct 01, 2019 12:29 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: State Symbols in Equations
- Replies: 8
- Views: 729
Re: State Symbols in Equations
I would suggest you to write out the state symbols within Chemical Equations right now just as good practice! You can actually learn alot more about the reaction because of them. Going off the previous comment on aqueous compouds, you could also learn from the state symbols on whether or not a preci...