Search found 52 matches
- Thu Mar 12, 2020 7:54 pm
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: Differential vs Integrated Rate Law
- Replies: 2
- Views: 279
Re: Differential vs Integrated Rate Law
You use the integrated rate law when you're trying to find how much of a species will be remaining after a certain amount of time, or trying to find k or t based on the final and initial concentrations of a species. Here's an example from the book where you use the integrated rate law: "for the...
- Tue Mar 10, 2020 2:26 am
- Forum: General Rate Laws
- Topic: 7A.3
- Replies: 6
- Views: 467
7A.3
Why is the "rate at which oxygen reacts" written as a positive number? Oxygen is a reactant. In what situation would we write the negative sign?
- Tue Mar 03, 2020 8:16 pm
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 5G.15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1816
Re: 5G.15
I'm almost certain that this is an error in the textbook; I've done that same problem twice and I've gotten your answer twice. You may want to see Prof. Lavelle's updated solutions manual errors on his website to see if this is one of the errors. But I can assure you that your work is correct. Than...
- Tue Mar 03, 2020 12:30 am
- Forum: Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations
- Topic: 5G.15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1816
5G.15
Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong? I did 5G.13 right and it's identical to this one. The book says the answer is -27 but I'm getting -2.7. Why am I one decimal off?
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 11:33 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Why don't you have to convert pressure into concentration when doing lnQ?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 336
Re: Why don't you have to convert pressure into concentration when doing lnQ?
Unless it specifically asks for Q p or Q c , I don't think you need to convert anything. And typically you're going to be given partial pressures for gases and concentrations for aqueous solutions, which I believe was the case in the problem you provided as an example. Right but you can convert par...
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 6:22 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: Why don't you have to convert pressure into concentration when doing lnQ?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 336
Why don't you have to convert pressure into concentration when doing lnQ?
How can you have a Q value that contains both pressure and concentration?. I've been converting the pressures to concentrations this whole time Bc I thought you had to make it uniform , and didn't know why I was getting it wrong until someone sent me their solutions manual.
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 1:21 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N.1 part B
- Replies: 2
- Views: 241
Re: 6N.1 part B
The answer in the book is a typo! In the solutions manual, they put that n = 2 moles even though it should only be 1 mole of electrons. By using 1 mole, you get the correct answer of K = 1 x 10 2 rather than K = 1 x 10 4 ! Hope this helps! Thank you so much!!! I lost my solutions manual so I didn't...
- Sun Mar 01, 2020 2:42 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6N.1 part B
- Replies: 2
- Views: 241
6N.1 part B
I got part A right but part B wrong even tho I did them the exact same way. The problem said to find K. The book says the answer is 1x10^4 but I got 107. Will someone please tell me what I'm doing wrong
- Fri Feb 28, 2020 11:04 am
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6M.7
- Replies: 1
- Views: 173
6M.7
So it says to order the species in order of least reducing agent to most reducing agent. I know that the more negative the redox potential , the more reducing agent it is. However in the appendix there are multiple eqtns for each species. How do I know which one to use? For example for Cu there is a...
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 10:15 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L.5 part d
- Replies: 2
- Views: 213
6L.5 part d
Why is the circled Au a solid? Shouldn't it be aqueous bc the Au on the reactant side is aqueous not solid?
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 3:42 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L.5
- Replies: 2
- Views: 230
Re: 6L.5
For part C, you can split HCl into a positive hydrogen ion and negative chlorine ion. This will give you the two half reactions. For part D, Au is being oxidized to produce the 3+ ion and reduced to produce a solid. Since there is simply a transfer of electrons between two Au atoms, Au is both the ...
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 3:40 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: What's going on at this anode?
- Replies: 2
- Views: 244
What's going on at this anode?
I really don't understand what's being oxidized and whats being reduced at this anode/what reaction is occurring at this anode. Will someone please explain what's going on here?
- Thu Feb 27, 2020 3:32 pm
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: 6n13
- Replies: 2
- Views: 256
Re: 6n13
I also got that answer and I have no idea why. Do you think it's a typo?
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 5:27 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L.3b
- Replies: 3
- Views: 264
Re: 6L.3b
I think the C(gr) means graphite and it is being used as an electrode
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 5:26 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L.5
- Replies: 2
- Views: 230
6L.5
Parts A and B make sense but I have no idea what's going on w parts C and D. For part C: how are there 2 reactants and only 1 product?? Isn't a redox rxn supposed to happen in pairs? How do I know which way the electrons r being transferred?? For part D: how is one reactant being both reduced and ox...
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 5:10 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L.1
- Replies: 2
- Views: 252
Re: 6L.1
I think you can look at the redox pair: Fe3+ and Fe2+. Since there are 6 of Fe3+ that means the charge is 18+. There are 6 of Fe2+ so the charge is 12+. The difference between the two is 6 electrons. How come the the Cr pair doesn't work then? 2 of Cr3+ = 6+, but then you have Cr2O72- so you're goi...
- Tue Feb 25, 2020 5:06 pm
- Forum: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams
- Topic: 6L.3
- Replies: 1
- Views: 159
6L.3
In part D I just have no idea what's going on in this cell. Both the cathode and anode are exactly the same except there's an H+ on the left and an OH- on the right. What is being reduced?? What is being oxidized??? Why are there 3 diff species on each side instead of 2???
- Mon Feb 24, 2020 11:40 am
- Forum: Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH)
- Topic: What does the nitrate do in a concentration cell?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 474
What does the nitrate do in a concentration cell?
What is the point of the nitrate in this concentration cell?? (Image attached)What does it do? Does it keep the solution neutral? If so how?
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 1:44 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: 6K3D
- Replies: 1
- Views: 150
Re: 6K3D
I am having the same problem. Apparently it is a typo and instead of Cl2 on the right side , it should say Cl-
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 1:43 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: What is being reduced/oxidized in this rxn?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 375
What is being reduced/oxidized in this rxn?
It says to identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in this rxn: Cl2(g)->HClO(aq) + Cl2(g) In the half rxn Cl2(g)->HClO, I see that Cl is being oxidized and the balanced half rxn is 2H20 + Cl2->2HClO + 2H+ + 2e- (correct me if this is incorrectly balanced). But then isn't the other half r...
- Wed Feb 19, 2020 12:03 am
- Forum: Balancing Redox Reactions
- Topic: Balancing the reduction of o3->o2 in basic soln
- Replies: 1
- Views: 175
Balancing the reduction of o3->o2 in basic soln
So the oxidation half rxn is the oxidation of bromide and the reduction half that needs to be balanced is this: O3->O2 It's in BASIC solution. So here's what I was doing, based on the steps in the book: Step 1= balance oxygen by adding one water to the right side: O3->O2 +H2O Step 2= balance H by ad...
- Sat Feb 15, 2020 8:24 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: isobaric compression
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1666
isobaric compression
I understand that isobaric means same pressure, but how is it possible to compress a gas and not have its pressure change, unless you are taking some of the gas out of the container?
- Sat Feb 15, 2020 8:17 pm
- Forum: Calculating Work of Expansion
- Topic: Isothermal Irreversible
- Replies: 6
- Views: 1423
Re: Isothermal Irreversible
Since both cases are isothermal, you can assume that delta U is 0. Work is calculated differently in these two scenarios because during an irreversible expansion, there is a large difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure, so expansion occurs quickly. This is why we can use...
- Sat Feb 15, 2020 8:14 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Entropy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 334
Re: Entropy
it is because more mass = more electrons. electrons have so many possible states, so when there are more electrons there are even more possible states. so basically entropy has to do with not only the arrangement of atoms, but also their subatomic particles.
- Sat Feb 15, 2020 8:10 pm
- Forum: Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy
- Topic: Entropy between molecules
- Replies: 3
- Views: 374
Re: Entropy between molecules
it is based on the size and how complicated the structure is. If there are two molecules of equally complex structure then the larger one has higher residual entropy bc more atoms=more electrons and electrons are always moving around so they have many different possible states. if its 2 diatomic mol...
- Tue Feb 11, 2020 7:29 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Why is heat capacity a state function?
- Replies: 1
- Views: 192
Why is heat capacity a state function?
There was a problem from the review session that asked which things are state functions, and it said that heat capacity was a state function. Why is this the case? Isn't heat capacity an inherent property of a substance? I understand that entropy , for example , is a state function because change in...
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 10:22 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: internal energy of an ideal gas
- Replies: 2
- Views: 182
Re: internal energy of an ideal gas
When the gas is expanding it is losing energy in the form of work. However if the expansion is reversible, then this is happening slowly. This means there is time for heat from the surroundings to enter the system. So basically the energy lost by work is replaced by heat. Here is the math: Delta u= ...
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 10:15 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: Equation for q
- Replies: 4
- Views: 156
Re: Equation for q
The first one is for when you're given C as the molar heat capacity. The second one is for when you're given C as the specific heat capacity.
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 10:13 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: 4D.9
- Replies: 1
- Views: 129
Re: 4D.9
That is just a convention thing. Enthalpy densities are always written as positive because a density cannot be a negative value.
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 10:11 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: textbook problem 4D.15
- Replies: 2
- Views: 155
Re: textbook problem 4D.15
Those are combustion equations. The combustion of a hydrocarbon is: the hydrocarbon + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide. The combustion of just hydrogen is hydrogen + oxygen = water. So you write those combustion equations and balance them by putting the right coefficients in front of each molecule.
- Tue Feb 04, 2020 10:07 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: standard reaction enthalpy
- Replies: 3
- Views: 191
Re: standard reaction enthalpy
If it asks you for the standard enthalpy of a reaction then it will be in kj bc you can't really have moles of a reaction. If it's the standard enthalpy of FORMATION then it is kj/mol bc that is the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of that molecule is formed.
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 4:34 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: w = -P*delta V
- Replies: 4
- Views: 208
Re: w = -P*delta V
Yes, the negative sign is always there. You're right that when the volume is decreasing, it makes the work positive. It's a convention thing-- when the system is being compressed, we say the work is positive. and when the system is expanding against something, we say the work is negative.
- Sun Feb 02, 2020 4:33 pm
- Forum: Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation)
- Topic: Standard States
- Replies: 2
- Views: 72
Re: Standard States
I believe it means the most stable form of that molecule/element. For example, the standard state of oxygen is O2 because this is the most stable way for oxygen to exist and is thus the most common, or "standard" form.
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 10:00 pm
- Forum: Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations
- Topic: 4A.7
- Replies: 3
- Views: 155
4A.7
"calculate the heat that must be supplied to a copper kettle of mass 400.0g containing 300.0g of water to raise its temperature from 20.0 degrees Celsius to the boiling point of water, 100.0 degrees Celsius." the answer manual just does q=mcdeltaT for both copper and water and adds them up...
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 6:17 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: self test 4A.1A
- Replies: 2
- Views: 143
self test 4A.1A
"Water expands when it freezes. How much work does 100.g of water do when it freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and pushes back the metal wall of a pipe that exerts an opposing pressure of 1070 atm? the densities of water and ice at 0 degrees Celsius are 1.00g/cm^3 and 0.92g/cm^3, respectively."...
- Sat Feb 01, 2020 5:51 pm
- Forum: Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics
- Topic: example 4A.1
- Replies: 1
- Views: 88
example 4A.1
"in the internal combustion engine in an automobile, hot compressed gas expands against a piston, turning the driveshaft that moves the vehicle along the road. If you are investigating the performance of such an engine, you might need to assess the work that each stroke of the piston can achiev...
- Thu Jan 23, 2020 4:01 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Calculating Kp
- Replies: 6
- Views: 285
Re: Calculating Kp
You can use an ice table with partial pressures too. You use them just as you would use concentrations. But if you are only given concentrations then you can still convert those into pressure by using PV=nRT. concentration is n/V, so rearrange the eqtn to get n/V= P/RT. if you have P and T then just...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 11:55 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: 5.33
- Replies: 4
- Views: 180
5.33
on problem 5.33, why wouldn't a catalyst produce the image shown in diagram 2? Wouldn't a catalyst cause more product to form? ( I understand why all the other options are correct/incorrect.)
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 11:51 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 5J.5 D
- Replies: 5
- Views: 226
Re: 5J.5 D
it is because you've copied down the problem incorrectly; the H2 is a product not a reactant :)
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 11:47 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: 5.39 HW
- Replies: 2
- Views: 174
Re: 5.39 HW
I'm having the same problem. In the solution manual it says that kc= 1/6.1x10^-3. But according to the table, it should definitely be 1/6.1x10^23. But it seems that we are doing the process correctly. There must be an error somewhere, perhaps the value in the table is a typo or the value in the solu...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 9:37 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Gibbs energy graph
- Replies: 1
- Views: 100
Re: Gibbs energy graph
graph a is showing an exothermic reaction. The Gibbs free energy starts high and ends low, meaning the net change in free energy is negative. we know that if delta G is negative, then the rxn is exothermic. this also means that the reaction lies to the right, so K > 1. Graph b is showing an endother...
- Tue Jan 21, 2020 9:33 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: Kw
- Replies: 1
- Views: 120
Re: Kw
an example of when you would need to use that equation is if you are being asked to do some sort of problem involving an acid but are only give the Kb of its conjugate base (and vice versa)
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 9:01 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 6D.3 part B
- Replies: 1
- Views: 96
6D.3 part B
I have no idea why I’m getting this problem wrong. I’ve done it over and over. The problem word for word is “the pH of a 0.10M propylamine, C3H7NH2, aqueous solution was measured as 11.86. What are the values of Kb and pKb of propylamine?”
My work is attached. Thanks to anyone who can help
My work is attached. Thanks to anyone who can help
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 8:56 pm
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: Kb vs Ka
- Replies: 5
- Views: 166
Re: Kb vs Ka
When you’re given Kb of a base and you calculate for Ka, then that Ka is of the conjugate acid of that base. Similarly , if you’re given the Ka of an acid and calculate Kb, then that Kb is for the conjugate base of that acid. Hope this helps !
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 6:10 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Self Test 5I.3b
- Replies: 4
- Views: 296
Re: Self Test 5I.3b
correction-- in my previous reply I meant to say equilibrium partial pressures, not equilibrium concentrations.
- Sat Jan 18, 2020 6:08 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Self Test 5I.3b
- Replies: 4
- Views: 296
Re: Self Test 5I.3b
set up an ice table. it seems that 0.012 bar is simply the initial value for HCl (but they did word it kinda confusingly, at first I thought they were trying to say that 0.012 is the equilibrium value). the initial values of HI and Cl2 will be 0. ignore I2 bc it is a solid. Under the C row in the ic...
- Wed Jan 15, 2020 12:20 am
- Forum: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions
- Topic: 5.61
- Replies: 2
- Views: 95
5.61
The answer to 5.61 says that the system being compressed will have little or no effect on the system. I thought that the system being compressed would favor the formation of products bc there are 12 mol on the reactant side but only 7 on the product side. Why is my logic wrong?
- Tue Jan 14, 2020 11:40 pm
- Forum: Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations
- Topic: 5.35
- Replies: 1
- Views: 103
5.35
In 5.35 in the book , I keep getting the wrong answer for part B. Can someone tell me what I’m doing wrong? The answer is K= 1.54x10^-2 but I keep getting 1.63x10^-2
You’re supposed to use bar for pressure , right? I think that’s what the book said. I attached a pic of my work
You’re supposed to use bar for pressure , right? I think that’s what the book said. I attached a pic of my work
- Sun Jan 12, 2020 10:24 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Quadratic
- Replies: 2
- Views: 131
Re: Quadratic
are you sure you're using the right K value? I made this same mistake at first-- the problem says to refer to a table, and the table gives both K and Kc. Make sure for this problem you're using Kc bc you are given mol and volume so it would be in terms of concentration not pressure.
- Sat Jan 11, 2020 8:21 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Problem 5i.11- using molarity in place of pressure?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 190
Re: Problem 5i.11- using molarity in place of pressure?
You can also use concentration for gases. This is called Kc (k with a subscript of c). So just make you write Kc= (insert answer) instead of just K= (insert answer)
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 5:21 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: calculating reaction quotient
- Replies: 3
- Views: 92
Re: calculating reaction quotient
Make sure you are writing the balanced reaction. If they’ve given u a reaction in a problem, it might not be balanced already. Also, look out for any solids or liquids and make sure not to include them in the calculation. If you’re still getting it wrong then I would suggest posting a pic of your wo...
- Thu Jan 09, 2020 5:17 pm
- Forum: Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient
- Topic: Reaction Quotient > Equilibrium Constant
- Replies: 4
- Views: 208
Re: Reaction Quotient > Equilibrium Constant
Even if there is a limiting reactant, it is still possible to have more product than reactant. What happens is the majority of the reactant (limiting or not) is converted into product, meaning that more of the reacting molecules turned into product than has stayed as reactant.