CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Nathan Rothschild_2D

It gives the rate law and is the simpler way of finding the rate law over the steady-state approach which is a method we don't need to know

Nathan Rothschild_2D

They will be given because the person he had take the test to test it out took it closed book.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

will we have to know third order reactions?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Where did you come across this problem? perhaps there was something else given that you looked over

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Isn't there a way to tell which is the rate determining step by looking at phases or am I just mistaken?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I would have to chemical equilibrium or electrochemistry. I feel like I didn't learn these well in high school and 14 B really helped me understand them better

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Very basic if any. Just know basic derivatives and integration rules and it will help with understanding the formulas and ways to solve.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

The way to tell if a reaction is a zero order reaction is when the rate is unaffected by the concentration of the reactants. First order reactions rate changes linearly based on 1 reactant concentration.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Where in the book can we find examples of first and second order reactions?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Since gas molecules move randomly, the chances of 3 colliding simultaneously is very very low.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

The first equation of U=q + W should be used whenever pressure is changing, but if it is not changing then use the other equation.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

What page can you find the example of a zero order reaction in the book?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I really like Bozeman science videos or khan academy as well as doing every practice problem and reading through the examples in the book.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

It is the slowest step in the mechanism

Nathan Rothschild_2D

for 0 order reactions the units are M/s (or any unit for time)

Nathan Rothschild_2D

The difference is that galvanic cells are separated using a salt bridge which also means they will be shown as 2 lines (ll) when written out and Concentration cells are written out using 1 line (l). Both are very important esp in electro chemistry. Galvanic bridges also contain salt bridges in order...

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Naught always means 1M of solution or 1 atm at 298K (same as 25 Celsius)

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Volts which are 1 joules of work per coulomb of charge transferred. 1 Coulomb is the amount of electrical charge in 6.24 x 10^18 electrons.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

If K is less than 1 then cell potential will make the natural log of k negative and if K is greater than 1 than the natural log of K will be positive. Since delta(change of) G is equal to -RT ln(K), that means that delta(change of) G will be negative when K is greater than 1 and positive when K is l...

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Don't the do the same thing, but in different situations so how could you compare their efficiency. Porous disks are for 2 of the same solutions that are different molarity or am I misunderstanding what they are?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

The oxidizing agent is in reactants for the reduction reaction. It's the one whose charge is decreasing.
The reducing agent is in the reactants for the oxidation reaction. It's the one whose charge is increasing.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

In basic reactions my TA just used OH- in both the Reduction and Oxidation just on different sides. Where does it say to use H+ in a basic solution?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

It should cover chapters 5G, 5J, 6K,6L, 6M, 6N, and 6O, meaning free energy (it's relation with work, pressure and equilibrium constant) and Van't Hoff's equation and their involvement and importance in organic reactions, and all of electrochemistry.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

When oxygen is the one being oxidized in an acidic solution it will react with water to form H+ and the oxidized oxygen molecule. In its reduction reaction the element being reduced will react with H+ to form H2O. In a basic solution, when oxygen is the one being oxidized it will react with OH- to f...

Nathan Rothschild_2D

You just have to find the oxidation numbers for the elements that are changing(being oxidized or reduced). If you do not know which elements are being oxidized or reduced then you should calculate all of the oxidation numbers to find out.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Why is Wmax under electrochemistry and how do we solve for it? sorry I missed Fridays lecture

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Does delta E always represent the change in internal energy? doesn't e just represent energy?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

What is the standard unit of time?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

The answer to this might be obvious but how does this connect to batteries?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Why is the calculation for monatomic atoms lower than that of diatomic atoms.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

An example would be a perfect crystal like diamond at absolute zero. However absolute zero is impossible to reach at the moment and can only be reached theoretically.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

The overall charge of each side should be equal since no electrons are lost or gained in the reaction, just transferred from one molecule to another. I find it best to memorize the common charges for common elements so you know how the charge will change. I do believe for metals there is a correlati...

Nathan Rothschild_2D

The products and reactants entropy shouldn't be changing when we are calculating standard reaction entropy. The change is how entropy changed when going from reactants to products.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

If entropy is positive, then the reaction is spontaneous. Since "(-deltaG / T) =delta S (of the universe)", if deltaS(of the universe) is positive, then deltaG is negative.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I believe the main one is deltaG=deltaH-T delatS, Gibbs should be under constant T and P. Also deltaG=sum of deltaG(formation) (of the products) - sum of deltaG(formation)(of the reactants)

Nathan Rothschild_2D

You don't have to calculate the number of microstates , it will be given.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

You also should check again at the end with the 5% dissociation rule. Divide your x by the initial and if it is greater than 5%, then you can't assume it's negligible.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

In the pressure and volume graph, irreversible have no slope because it is isobaric, meaning there is not change in pressure. For a reversible reaction an increase in volume should decrease pressure, making the slope decreasing.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

It can also be seen if there is a phase change. If the reaction is say changing from solid to liquid or gas, then heat will be required to break the bonds so it is endothermic. If it was gas to liquid or solid, then it would be exothermic.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Sorry but intensive properties are independent of the size of the sample. So heat capacity is extensive, which depends on the size, because the amount of substance you have will heat up slower if there is more. However specific heat capacity won't change based off the amount of substance you have be...

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Standard enthalpies of physical change are on the to of page 268 and standard enthalpies of formation at 25 degrees C is on the bottom of page 282.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I believe you have it switched. deltaH is always q, while q is = to deltaH at constant pressure

Nathan Rothschild_2D

What are, if there are any, some examples where delta s is positive and bonds are being formed?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

It's a way to find the total change in enthalpy when multiple subreactions are occurring.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Will we have to know these terms for the test?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Because the system can't interact and be affected by or affect its surroundings.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

They are not the same thing, just related
W=X^n
Where W= Degeneracy, X=the number if possible microstates, n=number of available particles

Nathan Rothschild_2D

q of the system is equal to the negative q of the surroundings.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Delta H being negative means that the reaction is giving off energy and is therefor exothermic.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

For PV=nRT you must convert temperature to kelvin, so to be safe, unless the equation you're using involves celsius, convert to kelvin.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

High Entropy means high disorder and low energy.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Actual pressure should be given. If it is not given it will cancel out and not be necessary for calculations

Nathan Rothschild_2D

You use ice tables when the reactants don't dissociate completely. When there is not a strong acid or base involved, use ice tables.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Yes, some chemical equations will include delta H, or heat in the reaction to show if heat is absorbed or released in the reaction.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Kw is the equilibrium constant for water and at 25 C is 10^(-14), but if the equation doesn't specify the temperature, can we assume that the reaction is taking place at 25 C?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I believe there are 6 strong acids and 6 strong bases. Memorize those and any other acid or base won't dissociate completely

Nathan Rothschild_2D

In order to change the equilibrium constant you must change the partial pressure of either the products or reactants, such as adding more of the reactants. Adding an inert gas would not change the partial pressure of the reactants or products.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Are solids and liquids the only things we have to remember to exclude from equilibrium reaction calculations?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Yes ice pressures are for all equilibrium reactions

Nathan Rothschild_2D

He never went over how homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions affect the speed of a reaction

Nathan Rothschild_2D

If we are at the reaction equilibrium but we aren't sure would we use Q?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Those are all of the factors that can be applied

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Will the partial pressure of the gases always add to the same thing on both sides of the reaction?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

When solving for Kp do we have to represent the products and reactants as partial pressures?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Just believe in yourself. Remember you earned your way into this school, have been in this course all year, and can do this!!! Good luck everyone

Nathan Rothschild_2D

It's an important biological catalyst. It's because of how easy the bond is broken (metal-carbon bond) and the ability for the ion to change from one oxidation state to another.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

here's a quizlet of the names of ligands and some names for metals are included as well
https://quizlet.com/_7niofk?x=1jqt&i=dsn2r

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Correction sorry, only some metals come from latin, so only the ones that do can be changed to their latin meaning when the complex has an overall negative charge.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Read page 723 it'll explain when you use these names. You don't have to use them always, in fact you shouldn't. It explains it well.(it's basically when the complex has a negative charge you use the Latin name with a suffix depending on the metal's charge)

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I know we need to know the Latin name for metals when naming coordination compounds, but which metals do we have to know the Latin names for?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

In class Dr. Lavelle drew HClO3 with the Hydrogen attached to the oxygen and I was wondering why it is attached to the oxygen and not the chlorine?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

What is another example of an amphoteric compound

Nathan Rothschild_2D

What chapters will the final consist of? so what reading should I do

Nathan Rothschild_2D

It ends with a neutral pH after creating salt and water

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I'd agree, the best way to review would be to read the book and I would also recommend getting his tests from last year and going through all the questions, as well as redoing this years.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I was as well could you possibly email them to me? I'd be forever grateful. My email is zevrothschild2001@gmail.com

Nathan Rothschild_2D

How did you post the images there? I've tried to do the same to post replies but don't know how.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Where can I find this in the book so I can read more on it?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

How would something like this appear on a test? would we define it or say why it's needed or what?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Do we have discussions the day before thanksgiving(Wednesday)?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

We are supposed to recognize and memorize the table, there are also many quizlets that I found that are very helpful for memorizing them.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Will it be composed of questions equally spread out from the year or will a majority come from the end of the year because we didn't have any midterms test us on end concepts?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I believe I heard that we should know the "name" column

Nathan Rothschild_2D

So is solid stronger or are they both the same? or does it depend on the molecule, not the state

Nathan Rothschild_2D

So what would be the most polarizable element?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Can someone give another example of a canceling dipole moment?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

If a lone pair is a radical would it have a weaker repulsion than a complete lone pair?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I believe it's bonds, which bond has a greater angle between them, vsper, bond strengths, and shapes and structures

Nathan Rothschild_2D

What is the strongest and least strongest of the hydrogen bonds?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Should we know about how much energy it takes to break each bond?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Does anyone know what page in the book has all of the shapes?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

How do you tell ML again and can someone explain what it is?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Get as many as you can to 0, and ensure that the center has a formal charge of 0.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Why is Nitrogen more electronegative than Oxygen but has a lower first ionization energy.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one element to another while covalent results from the sharing.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Say one way to draw the lewis structure CO2 was written as, 0-C=O(with sets electrons above the carbon and Oxygen), then the example of its resonance structure would be O=C-O. It is the rearranging or redrawing of bonds that does not change the structure itself. Please note this is not the correct l...

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Formal charges will give you the most stable structure, meaning you then should be able to tell based off the most stable structure if the molecule has resonance structures.

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Can someone explain why these elements are exceptions?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

I understand that ms is 1/2 or -1/2 but why is this? I understand what each value means but is there a specific reason it is always these values?

Nathan Rothschild_2D

Could you give another example of a degenerate orbital or is hydrogen the only one?

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