CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

gconcha

I highly doubt that we'll be required to memorize enthalpies of formation, so I assume they'll be given on a test. This would be a good question for Dr. Lavelle himself. Remember which ones can be cancelled because they're in their base state, though. You might have to memorize those, but I believe...

gconcha

In relation to melting / freezing points, energy will be required to break bonds (think heating up an ice cube to make it into water). The energy released when bonds are formed is less obvious, but the climate on a humid day is probably a clue.

gconcha

The pre-equilibrium approach is the method that we choose to approach reaction mechanics in our class. The other options would be..... 1) to directly compute the rate law through raw math, differentials, experimental data, and some brute forcing via guess-and-check methods. 2) to identify the rate l...

gconcha

I think the furthest we'll be tested on is the number of reactants.
Zeroth Order: $A\rightarrow A$
First Order: $AB\rightarrow A + B$
Second Order: $AB+CD\rightarrow AD+BC$
Third Order: $AB+CD+E\rightarrow AE+BC+D$

gconcha

I think the conditions are different depending on whether the cell in question is a galvanic cell or a concentration cell. If it's a concentration cell, I think the increased mass might ((key word: MIGHT) change how much of the electrode is being dissolved into the solution, but otherwise it shouldn...

gconcha

You want the cell to transfer electrons from anode to cathode, from negative to positive (it's for this reason that the anode is always on the left and the cathode is always on the right). In order to do that, you usually want the potential difference to be positive. Therefore, the one with the grea...

gconcha

integrated rate laws are designed to express the rate linearly. Always. I'm sure the graphs don't look exactly the same, but if they're both linear and have the same sign of their slope, then that might be why they look so similar. Remember to always take into account what the y-axis is labeled in A...

gconcha

Not only is the standard Gibbs Free Energy measured under standard conditions, it's also kind of the best-case-scenario for the reaction: the most that it will potentially put out. Anything other than that can represent an instantaneous amount, a botched amount, something messing with the experiment...

gconcha

Always always always use Kelvin. Most standard konstants that we use are set for Kelvin, as well -- and I wouldn't suggest that you use the R values (for example) that use Celsius.

gconcha

Correct. I believe by writing (aq) in the first place instead of calling the component (l) implies that that the reactant or product is not purely on its own and is suspended in a liquid medium - in this case, water.

gconcha

k=Ae^{-E_{a}/RT} The "A" component is a probability out of a total 1.00, and represents the chance that the molecules are in the correct orientation when they collide. I think we're making the experimental assumption that A doesn't adversely affect reactions modeled with the Arrhenius equ...

gconcha

Since S=0 represents a perfectly ordered material ( aka equilibrium ), a positive value for S means that the system has excess energy of some sort that will dissipate through heat, work, phase change, etc. Therefore, since the system will want to somehow decrease its energy to reach a more stable st...

gconcha

The lines are blurry, but generally you can call a reaction irreversible if it uses up all (or a considerable amount of) the reaction materials in its reaction, such as an explosion. I'm not sure if you'll usually be told, but so long as the conditions of the reaction environment means that ...

gconcha

% disassociation is a measurement of how much an acid has "dissociated" or disconnected into its constituent parts in a solution. take for example iodic acid HIO\underset{3}{ } + H\underset{2}{ }O \rightleftharpoons IO\underset{3}{ }^{-} + H\underset{3}{ }O^{+} In the solution of H 2 O , t...

gconcha

Kelvins are always used when applying the ideal gas law PV=nRT The reason this is done is because Kelvins are more mathematically accurate in terms of chemically applying the excited state of the molecules in a gas to your calculations. zero K is the same as zero energy in the molecules, and is ther...

gconcha

An example of a constant pressure system is a piston-arranged gas container. The expansion of the gas allows it to push the piston away, maintaining the same internal pressure by expanding its volume. In contrast, a constant volume system has a hard limit on its volume, so if the gas tries to expand...

gconcha

$\Delta U$ is a change in the internal energy of a system. $\Delta H$ on the other hand is a change in the enthalpy of a system as a whole, including changes to $U$ , $V$ , and $P$

gconcha

Internal energy is a quality inherent in a system, whereas heat and work are dependent on other qualities (e.g. mass of substances involved)

gconcha

The areas on the graph where the lines seem to go flat are areas in which the heat being added to the substance only serves to contribute to the substance's phase change as opposed to increasing the temperature of the substance, whereas areas where the function increases are indicative of temperatur...

gconcha

Pressure of the beaker is not always technically constant, but because the container of the gas is changed to the environment that the experiment is taking place in as opposed to the inside of the beaker itself, then it can be assumed that the reaction makes a negligible difference in the environmen...

gconcha

Because heat (energy) needs to be added to the ice in order to make it undergo a phase change into liquid form, $\Delta H$ is positive

gconcha

The amount of heat transferred should be a value for H, but its effect on a substance might be measured with respect to volume of said substance. Only then does it become associated with q

gconcha

Most of the time, I think you can assume that either a noble gas or a diatomic halogen are already at their standard state.

Otherwise, they definitely have to tell you.

gconcha

Heat capacity is calculated using the equation C=\binom{E}{\Delta T} where " C " is the Heat Capacity, " E " is the energy added per gram of substance , and " ΔT " is the change in temperature. Since the energy added is in the same unit (J), the mass of water heated is ...

gconcha

They don't? Water is a kind of unique molecule because of how strong its intermolecular interactions are. The heat necessary to break the dense web of Hydrogen Bonds is therefore very high. Any molecule that can sufficiently bond to other molecules in such an efficient way will also be likely to hav...

gconcha

I highly doubt that we'll be required to memorize enthalpies of formation, so I assume they'll be given on a test. This would be a good question for Dr. Lavelle himself. Remember which ones can be cancelled because they're in their base state, though. You might have to memorize those, but I believe ...

gconcha

An ICE chart is used whenever you're asked to calculate what the effect was of a reaction on the affected substances' concentration or pressure in their container. Notice how whenever you write the "E" (equation) part of the ICE chart that you write products over reactants? Well, the whole...

gconcha

The most confusing thing that I experienced was telling the difference between pH / pOH and K A / K B . K should be the standard to which the reaction will be measured ((like how a cold/warm object will approach the ambient temperature of a room, so too will an acid/base reaction's Q value approach ...

gconcha

In general, the simpler compounds directly containing an H or an OH that can be easily dissociated are the ones that you should be looking at. But if you'd like me to be more specific . . . THE TABLE THAT YOU NEED TO MEMORIZE pg F75, TABLE J.1 ("Common Aqueous Strong Acids and Bases")...

gconcha

No, you don't need to do that because during the process of calculating [H₃O⁺] or [OH^-], you should have already taken the stoichiometric coefficients into account in your ICE chart or K_A / K_B calculation

gconcha

Technically almost every reaction doesn't fully dissociate, and will tend to return to its products at least a small amount. If the reaction lies heavily enough one way or another, then we can usually write an arrow going in just that direction.

gconcha

Why is it that when calculating for the K_P (aka the Equilibrium Constant via pressures), that we don't take into account the volume taken up by liquid or solids in the container with the gas? Since they're hard to compress, wouldn't that reduce the amount of volume available for the gases?

gconcha

The non-ideal gas law is best summarized as: (P+\binom{an^2}{V^2})(V-nb)=nRT "a" is a constant accounting for the molecular attraction of individual gas molecules to other gas molecules "b" is a constant accounting for the Volume of the molecules themselves At STP...

gconcha

Definitely do all of the homework problems assigned in the syllabus. It's too easy to sorta phone it in and only do 5 for the homework. My suggestion is to do all of them, then choose the 5 that you think were the best or that you were the most proud of yourself for doing. Also, remember to use all ...

gconcha

K P is used to deal with the partial pressures of an equation at equilibrium, (P=Pressure). Since, as explained in lecture, you can't compress solids and it takes an absurd amount of energy to compress liquids a small amount, their affect on the pressure of a reaction container are taken to be negli...

gconcha

Basically any Group 18 element in a gaseous state is an inert gas. We say this because although they are able to react with other chemical compounds, they only become reactant in those cases usually after extreme pressure, temperature, electricity, or some other kind of energy input. Thus, as explai...

gconcha

As stoichiometric coefficients represent the quantity of molecules of a chemical that is affecting or being effected by the reaction, the model for calculating Q or K represents the difference in how the amount of those chemicals affects the reaction per amount of chemical added. In this case, when ...

CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Search found 37 matches

Re: Standard enthalpies of formation

Re: Heat released/ gained

Re: Pre-Equilibrium Approach

Re: order of reaction

Re: Electrode Mass

Re: changing half reactions

Re: First order vs zero-order

Re: Gibbs free energy

Re: Celcius vs Kelvin for T1 and T2

Re: Including H2O in Cell Diagram

Re: A

Re: Entropy of universe

Re: Reversible and Irreversible Reactions

Re: % dissociation

Re: Kelvin or Celsius?

Re: constant pressure system

Re: Delta H

Re: State Function

Re: Heating Curve

Re: Pressure in an Open Beaker

Re: Phase change

Re: q vs H

Re: Standard Reaction Enthalpies

Re: Heat Capacity of Water

Re: Solids, liquids, and gases

Re: Standard enthalpies of formation

Re: ICE

Re: Test 1 Acids and Bases Topic

Re: Strong Acids/Bases vs. Weak Acids/Bases

Re: Stoichiometric coefficients for pH/pOH

Re: When do we use the equilibrium sign?

Why Ignore Liquid or Solid Volume When Calculating K

Re: The Ideal Gas Law

Re: Studying tips

Re: Kp

Re: Inert Gases

Re: stoichiometric coefficients