Search found 50 matches
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 9:07 pm
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Main Difference
- Replies: 8
- Views: 589
Re: Main Difference
Lewis acids and bases accept or donate electrons, respectively, while Bronsted acids and bases donate or accept protons, respectively.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 8:50 pm
- Forum: Polyprotic Acids & Bases
- Topic: ligands
- Replies: 4
- Views: 429
Re: ligands
Ligands are Lewis bases and they donate electrons to the central atom of the coordinate compound.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 8:49 pm
- Forum: Polyprotic Acids & Bases
- Topic: How can you tell
- Replies: 18
- Views: 908
Re: How can you tell
Since polyprotic acids and bases donate or accept more than one proton, respectively, there must be more than one hydrogen in the anion.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 8:45 pm
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: Amphoteric vs amphiprotic
- Replies: 4
- Views: 406
Re: Amphoteric vs amphiprotic
Amphoteric means the compound can act as an acid or base, whereas amphiprotic means that the compound can donate and accept protons.
- Sat Dec 07, 2019 8:41 pm
- Forum: Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw
- Topic: pKA values
- Replies: 4
- Views: 366
Re: pKA values
pKa is the negative log of Ka, the acid dissociation constant. Lower the pKa, the stronger the acid, and vice versa.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 12:16 pm
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Strong vs Weak Acids
- Replies: 7
- Views: 508
Re: Strong vs Weak Acids
Strong acids produce more protons, whereas weak acids produce less.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 12:05 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Molecular shape of carbon Dioxide
- Replies: 10
- Views: 579
Re: Molecular shape of carbon Dioxide
Molecular shape of carbon dioxide is linear. The central carbon atom is bound to two oxygen atoms, and there are no lone pairs on carbon.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 11:59 am
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Bases
- Topic: Soapy Feels
- Replies: 4
- Views: 760
Re: Soapy Feels
When a base reacts with fatty acids and oil from the skin, soap is produced.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 11:53 am
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: Identifying Them?
- Replies: 12
- Views: 842
Re: Identifying Them?
A compound is identified as an amphoteric compound if it is able to donate or accept protons.
- Sun Dec 01, 2019 11:48 am
- Forum: Lewis Acids & Bases
- Topic: Proton acceptor and proton donor?
- Replies: 33
- Views: 2028
Re: Proton acceptor and proton donor?
Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 11:02 am
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Hybridization Notation
- Replies: 5
- Views: 371
Re: Hybridization Notation
When writing the notation, the d orbital should come after p. So "sp^3d" would be correct.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 10:59 am
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Strength of sigma and pi bonds
- Replies: 8
- Views: 639
Re: Strength of sigma and pi bonds
Sigma bonds are harder to break due to the location of the electrons, which are very close to the nuclei.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 10:54 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Lone pairs
- Replies: 13
- Views: 708
Re: Lone pairs
Only the lone pairs on the central atom are significant in determining the molecular shape.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 10:47 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bent vs linear
- Replies: 56
- Views: 4043
Re: Bent vs linear
The bent shape has 1-2 lone pairs on the central atom, whereas the linear shape has none or 3-4 lone pairs.
- Sun Nov 24, 2019 10:42 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: AXE Format
- Replies: 34
- Views: 1085
Re: AXE Format
Writing the subscript of "1" would be unnecessary. Just writing X or E is fine.
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 11:22 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: seesaw
- Replies: 9
- Views: 625
Re: seesaw
The seesaw shape has 4 bonds and 1 lone pair (AX4E).
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 11:19 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bent
- Replies: 3
- Views: 229
Re: Bent
Two bound atoms and one lone pair also results in a bent structure. Its bond angle would be greater than the structure with two lone pairs since the lone pairs emit greater repulsion strength.
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 11:15 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: bond angles less than <109.5
- Replies: 4
- Views: 939
Re: bond angles less than <109.5
The lone pair on the central atom has greater repulsion strength. Therefore, it pushes the three bonded atoms closer to each other, decreasing their bond angles to be less than 109.5.
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 11:12 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Hydrogen Bonding
- Replies: 6
- Views: 388
Re: Hydrogen Bonding
Yes, and since hydrogen is much less electronegative than oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine, the dipole is stronger.
- Sun Nov 17, 2019 10:14 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: What is VSPER
- Replies: 14
- Views: 946
Re: What is VSPER
VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory and it would probably be very helpful to memorize it.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 8:19 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Expanded Octet
- Replies: 10
- Views: 468
Re: Expanded Octet
Elements in the third period and beyond are able to have expanded octets since they have more space in the d-orbital.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 8:13 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: definitions
- Replies: 8
- Views: 465
Re: definitions
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an ion or gaseous atom, whereas electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an atom to form an anion. Both periodic trends, however, are the same.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 10:33 am
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Drawing Lewis Structures
- Replies: 18
- Views: 627
Re: Drawing Lewis Structures
Lewis structures should have formal charges closest to zero as much as possible. The formal charges of each atom should sum up to equal the overall charge, which varies for some molecules; If a molecule has an overall charge of zero, then the formal charges of each atom should most preferably be zer...
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 10:17 am
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Exceptions to the Octet Rule Question
- Replies: 5
- Views: 582
Re: Exceptions to the Octet Rule Question
The elements in the third period and after can have expanded octets.
- Sun Nov 10, 2019 10:14 am
- Forum: Resonance Structures
- Topic: Formal Charge Question
- Replies: 16
- Views: 812
Re: Formal Charge Question
The formal charges of all the atoms in a resonance structure should sum up to have the same overall charge as the other resonance structure. The formal charge of an atom can vary.
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 10:07 pm
- Forum: Lewis Structures
- Topic: Classifying Radicals
- Replies: 1
- Views: 80
Re: Classifying Radicals
I'd say so, since radicals are atoms with an unpaired electron, making them have odd numbers of valence electrons and unfinished octets.
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 10:02 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: formal charge
- Replies: 4
- Views: 157
Re: formal charge
The formal charge can be found using the equation: FC = Valence electrons - (lone pair electrons + no. of bound electrons/2) .
This is used to find which Lewis structure is most plausible.
This is used to find which Lewis structure is most plausible.
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 9:32 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: Radical
- Replies: 6
- Views: 277
Re: Radical
A radical is highly reactive because it has one unpaired electron. Having one unpaired electron makes the radical more likely to form bonds with other atoms.
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 9:18 pm
- Forum: Ionic & Covalent Bonds
- Topic: middle atom
- Replies: 13
- Views: 498
Re: middle atom
The central atom is the least electronegative atom.
- Sun Nov 03, 2019 3:59 pm
- Forum: Octet Exceptions
- Topic: What are radicals
- Replies: 7
- Views: 247
Re: What are radicals
Like all the other responses, radicals are molecules with an unpaired electron, and they are highly reactive. They play a destructive role in our everyday lives, but they are combatted by antioxidants.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 5:19 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron affinity.
- Replies: 8
- Views: 241
Re: Electron affinity.
Electron affinity is the amount of energy used or released when an electron is added to an atom. Therefore, a negative ion is formed. Its periodic table trend is that it increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 5:17 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization and Electron Affinity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 308
Re: Ionization and Electron Affinity
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom, whereas electron affinity is the amount of energy released or used when an electron is added to an atom. Their trends on the periodic table, however, are the same.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 5:13 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electronegativity vs Electron Affinity
- Replies: 6
- Views: 264
Re: Electronegativity vs Electron Affinity
Like the responses above, electronegativity is the atom's likeliness of attracting an electron, whereas electron affinity is the amount of energy that is released when an atom gains an electron. On the periodic table, their trends are both the same: they increase across a period from left to right a...
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 3:38 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Exceptions
- Replies: 7
- Views: 1047
Re: Exceptions
Electronegativity trend does not include the noble gases, and Fluorine has the highest electronegativity.
- Sun Oct 27, 2019 3:34 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Difference between electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity
- Replies: 5
- Views: 4523
Re: Difference between electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity
Electronegativity is the measure of how likely the atom attracts bonding electrons to itself. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an ion or gaseous atom. And for electron affinity, its definition is the amount of energy released or used when an electron is added to an...
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 7:29 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Why is copper like this?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 233
Re: Why is copper like this?
Copper violates the Aufbau Principle, as well as Chromium, because stability is greater for a half completed or completed d sub-level. Therefore, the 3d orbital gains an electron from the 4s orbital.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 7:11 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Hund's rule and Pauli Exclusion Principle
- Replies: 14
- Views: 757
Re: Hund's rule and Pauli Exclusion Principle
Hund's Rule and Pauli Exclusion Principle are both used to determine electron configurations. To be more specific, Hund's Rule requires that electrons need to occupy an orbital once before pairing up in the same orbital. For Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons in the same orbital can have th...
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 7:02 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Quantum Numbers
- Replies: 3
- Views: 119
Re: Quantum Numbers
The third quantum number is ml, and it stands for the magnetic quantum number; it specifies the orbital that an electron occupies, such as determining the orientation in relation to other orbitals.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 6:45 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: Opposite Spin
- Replies: 5
- Views: 291
Re: Opposite Spin
Electrons in an orbital must have opposite spins because electrons cannot have the same four quantum numbers. The opposite spin is a distinguishing factor.
- Sun Oct 20, 2019 6:43 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: ionization energy
- Replies: 11
- Views: 987
Re: ionization energy
Yes; the ionization energy increases from left to right and bottom to top on the periodic table of elements.
- Sat Oct 12, 2019 9:41 pm
- Forum: Quantum Numbers and The H-Atom
- Topic: Frequency
- Replies: 15
- Views: 712
Re: Frequency
I also believe frequency and the difference in energy levels are directly proportional, since the equation E=hv proves that as frequency increases, energy increases as well.
- Sat Oct 12, 2019 9:27 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Quantum Levels
- Replies: 9
- Views: 385
Re: Quantum Levels
I'm not 100% sure how many quantum levels there can be, but I believe that there are no maximum number of quantum levels as well.
- Sat Oct 12, 2019 9:22 pm
- Forum: DeBroglie Equation
- Topic: When to use DeBroglie Equation
- Replies: 16
- Views: 638
Re: When to use DeBroglie Equation
You can use De Broglie's equation when you are trying to find the wavelength of particles that have mass. However, it cannot be used to measure light.
- Sat Oct 12, 2019 5:07 pm
- Forum: Properties of Electrons
- Topic: Atomic Spectra Post Module
- Replies: 4
- Views: 138
Re: Atomic Spectra Post Module
The transition from n=5 to n=1 emits radiation of shorter wavelength because it requires more energy. Therefore, the frequency is higher than the frequency given off by the transition from n=4 to n=2. Since higher frequencies mean shorter wavelengths, this means the transition from n=5 to n=1 has a ...
- Sat Oct 12, 2019 4:58 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Frequency vs. Wavelength
- Replies: 15
- Views: 663
Re: Frequency vs. Wavelength
The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and vice versa. Also, wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency of the wave (the more frequent vibrations are, the less time for transition from one wave to the next).
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 2:52 pm
- Forum: Empirical & Molecular Formulas
- Topic: Order of elements in formulas
- Replies: 5
- Views: 370
Re: Order of elements in formulas
From what I remember from high school, the order is usually C, H, O, and N. However, I am not entirely sure as well.
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 2:47 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: Converting Before or After?
- Replies: 10
- Views: 570
Re: Converting Before or After?
To avoid confusion, convert after solving the problem. However, if you need to cancel out units then converting during calculations is necessary.
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 2:35 pm
- Forum: Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Topic: Fractions in Balancing Equations
- Replies: 11
- Views: 13021
Re: Fractions in Balancing Equations
Fractions should not be used as stoichiometric coefficients. Whenever there is a fraction, you need to multiply every stoichiometric coefficient by the denominator to create whole numbers while maintaining the mole ratio.
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 2:28 pm
- Forum: Significant Figures
- Topic: Sig Figs When Adding and Subtracting
- Replies: 3
- Views: 175
Sig Figs When Adding and Subtracting
What rule do you use when you are adding or subtracting sig figs?
- Sat Oct 05, 2019 2:23 pm
- Forum: Significant Figures
- Topic: When to round for sig figs?
- Replies: 12
- Views: 477
Re: When to round for sig figs?
Always round your answer with sig figs at the end. Use the calculator to apply exact numbers during the process. Your final answer would be more accurate that way.