CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

Anokhi Patel 2B

when delta g is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and vice versa with positivity.

Anokhi Patel 2B

What determines whether a reaction is spontaneous or not? Is it based on whether the change in molar Gibbs free energy is positive or negative?

Anokhi Patel 2B

We should just know the patterns of group 1 being 1+ group 2 +2 and 17 being -1 and 16 -2.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Delta H and Delta s are the constants.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Because in the phase change heat lost from the water must equal the negative heat gained by the ice.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Yes, the temperature of the universe does not change, so the change in entropy is the negative heat of the system minus heat of the surroundings.

Anokhi Patel 2B

LEO is oxidized since it loses an electron and reduction is the opposite and an electron is gained.

Anokhi Patel 2B

When combining the equilibrium constant of two reaction, we multiple the constants, but how do we know when to square the coefficient or not as it does in example 5.H.2.

Anokhi Patel 2B

What do c naught and P naught stand for?

Anokhi Patel 2B

Do we only use Kp when the reaction is a homogeneous equilibria of gas?

Anokhi Patel 2B

P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is Rydberg's gas constant, and T is temperature.

Anokhi Patel 2B

An isolated system has no contact to the surrounding environment while a closed system does but is not so affected by it.

Anokhi Patel 2B

you just multiply the enthalpy of the reaction by the moles to cancel out the reaction

Anokhi Patel 2B

A calorimeter has constant pressure while a bomb calorimeter has constant volume.

Anokhi Patel 2B

What does delta U stand for? Is it just the change in heat of the system?

Anokhi Patel 2B

temperature measures the amount warmth a sample has while heat measures the energy in a sample in kJ or Calories.

Anokhi Patel 2B

yes the reverse reaction, condensation, solidification, and deposition are all exothermic where they expel heat energy going from higher energy phases to lower energy phases.

Anokhi Patel 2B

A state property is independent on how the quantity of the substance was prepared. Energy, pressure, volume, and temperature, density, and heat capacity are all state properties.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Yes, the reason the steam causes more of a burn is since the steam undergoes a phase change on the skin, releasing 46kJ instead of the 5kJ released from hot water.

Anokhi Patel 2B

The phase changes that are endothermic are vaporization( liquid to vapor), fusion (solid to liquid) which is also known as melting, and sublimation (solid to vapor) like dry ice. The reverse reactions of these phase changes will be exothermic.

Anokhi Patel 2B

K is only affected by the concentration when measuring Kc instead of the K for partial pressure Kp.

Anokhi Patel 2B

The I stands for initial concentration, the C stand for change in molar concentration, and the E stands for final concentration. You put the values for each of the reactants and products in a table usually 3x3.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Acids with higher pH levels take longer to dissociate, therefore they solution is less neutral. So overall stronger acids are easily broken down in a reaction compared to weak acids.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Negative delta H means the loss of energy, negative delta H reaction is endothermic since heat is required to instigate the reaction. Likewise, it goes for positive delta H and exothermic reactions.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Do weak acids have shorter or longer bonds? What determines if an acid is weak or strong?

Anokhi Patel 2B

At least one quantity should be given in the problem, in order to solve for the rest of reactant and product pressures.

Anokhi Patel 2B

How do we determine is the reaction is "left" or "right". And does the direction of the reaction matter if it is composition or decomposition?

Anokhi Patel 2B

Kp is used for partial pressure and (bar) while Kc is used for concentration with mol/L.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Le Chatelier's principle is when chemical reactions adjust to minimize the effect of changes in the reaction. This is why, to increase the yield of the products without adding anymore reactants, we remove the products, disrupting the equilibrium.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Using the ICE tables, how do you know when the change in molar concentration is positive or negative?

Anokhi Patel 2B

we can reduce burning of fossil fuels, which prevents the reaction of chlorofluorocarbons with ozone to produce acid rain.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Any compound that is amphiprotic is amphoteric, however it is not true the other way around.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Noble gases are not included in the electronegativity trend. In fact they are left out of most period trends.

Anokhi Patel 2B

What would it mean if we solved the black body dilemma, does that mean time travel.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Effective nuclear charge is whether the charge of the proton is positive or negative.

Anokhi Patel 2B

3 significant values is the usual statistical value to complete calculations.

Anokhi Patel 2B

The energy is positive since, the hydrogen atom absorbs energy.

Anokhi Patel 2B

a heme group is what allows myoglobin and hemoglobin to bind the Fe atom to oxygen.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Up spin is +1/2 and down spin -1/2

Anokhi Patel 2B

Mg(OH)2 is definitely a strong base being a metal oxide with a group 1 metal.

Anokhi Patel 2B

This method is very efficient, but you can also compare the moles of the reactant and then use the ratio to compare limiting reactants.

Anokhi Patel 2B

What does it mean to oxidize a compound?

Anokhi Patel 2B

what exactly is london dispersion?

Anokhi Patel 2B

The double bond is stronger than a single bond since it is shorter, therefore having a lesser distance between each of the atoms. The shorter distance makes the bonds less likely to break than a short, single bond.

Anokhi Patel 2B

What are the purpose of dashes and wedges, instead of making sure we don't indicate bonds instead of lone pairs and bond angles.

Anokhi Patel 2B

How do we know when a VSEPR model has a distortion like 106 degrees instead of the traditional 109.5 degrees for tetrahedral bonds.

Anokhi Patel 2B

do we have to memorize the natural charges for each cation/ anion element, like 2+ or 1-

Anokhi Patel 2B

We can use atomic radii to determine the strength of the attraction of electrons to the atom compared how well the nucleus holds the electrons together.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Delta p is uncertain momentum and delta x is uncertain position. Delta p also means delta velocity multiplied by the constant mass.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Why are single bonds referred to as sigma bonds and double bonds as sigma pi and triple bonds as sigma pi pi?

Anokhi Patel 2B

How do we know when the structure doesn't have an ED and when it is just the molecular geometry?

Anokhi Patel 2B

How do you know when to draw the "cloud" around a lone pair of electrons or when not to, according to the Lewis structure?

Anokhi Patel 2B

Do we need to know how to calculate bond length for the midterm?

Anokhi Patel 2B

Polarizability is determined by whether the ion is an anion or cations. Generally, anions have polarizability while cations have polarizing power.

Anokhi Patel 2B

How do we determine whether to place a positive or negative dipole moment in the Lewis structure and where to place them?

Anokhi Patel 2B

Elements in the third period, S, P, and Cl are exceptions to the octet rules. For example, Sulfur is capable of making 6 bonds. This was shown in the example of SF6.

Anokhi Patel 2B

On the test do we have to know to know the electronegativity of elements?
Is there way to calculate the electronegativity of an element?

Anokhi Patel 2B

The term "shared electrons" means that two atoms have formed a covalent bond. If you can count the two shared electrons for filling both of the atom's outer shells, then they are shared. To count the shared electron, the two electron between two atoms count are "2". To determine ...

Anokhi Patel 2B

Yes, the least electromagnetic atom must be able to hold the bonds with the other elements, therefore its placement in the center strengthens the entire compound.

Anokhi Patel 2B

v = R {1/n1^2 - 1/n2^2}

In this equation for the book from the Rydberg equation, what do the series of n stand for? Of what "number" do they represent?

Thank you.

Anokhi Patel 2B

When professor Lavelle was demonstrating isoelectronic atoms, through Na+, Mg2+, and F-, what was the significance of the element Neon?

Thank you

Anokhi Patel 2B

Electron spin is one of the two types of angular momentum in quantum mechanics and the other is orbital angular momentum. The electron's spin is a fixed, unvarying property such as charge and rest mass.

Anokhi Patel 2B

For the exceptions, this is since half full d5 and full d10 subshells have lower energy. As an example he compared Titanium and Vanadium to Copper and Chromium.

Anokhi Patel 2B

You should measure an atom's radius through the electron's ground state. The excited state of the electron should have no effect on measuring the atom's radius.

Anokhi Patel 2B

In the example in lecture, the answer 3.4 x 10-10 m.s-1 was an unrealistic number for the uncertainty, since it was larger than the speed of light. How do we know when the velocity is an unrealistic number, will a probable speed always have to be lesser than 3.0 x 10-8?

Thank you.

Anokhi Patel 2B

For the indeterminacy equation, why does the principle use delta p? What constitutes the change in position to use delta instead of regular p in the equation.

Anokhi Patel 2B

An electron being excited can also refer to the electron jumping from one orbital, usually its original, to another orbital further away from the nucleus. This results in a state of higher energy since the electrons absorbs energy.

Anokhi Patel 2B

The mass of an electron is always constant at 9.10938356 × 10-31 kilograms and corresponds to a resting energy of 0.115 MeV.

Anokhi Patel 2B

When increasing the intensity of a wave does not lead to ejected electrons, the frequency of the light does. However what does it mean to increase the intensity of a wave rather than just the frequency of it?

Thank you.

Anokhi Patel 2B

On tests and exams, when the amount of significant figures we are supposed to round to is not listed, how many should we normally put the answer in?

Thank you.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Professor Lavelle always referred to the formulas as work functions, what exactly does that mean?

Thanks.

Anokhi Patel 2B

For net ionic reactions, you first need to balance the molecular equation. Then break all of the aqueous compounds into their compounds. Next, indicate the correct charge and number of each ion and write the formula with (aq) after the ions. Then bring down all the compounds with (l), (s), and (g).

Anokhi Patel 2B

Yes, I believe we receive credit based on the correct answer, however the step by step problems in lecture are to understand the process of determining the limiting reagent.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Wait to round until the end of the problem to usually 3 sig figs. Also if the ending decimal is continuous, underline the number of three sigs figs in the problem.

Anokhi Patel 2B

Can someone help me balance this chemical equation:

NaCl(aq) + SO3(g) + H2O(l) -------> Na2SO4(aq) + HCl(aq)

I tried multiple approaches, but I can never get the oxygen to equal out.

Thank you.

Anokhi Patel 2B

How would I solve this problem, I'm not really sure where to start or how to implement the equation. 16. A solution is prepared by dissolving 55.1 g of KCl in approximately 75 mL of water and then adding water to a final volume of 125 mL. What is the molarity of KCl(aq) in this solution? A. 0.276 mo...

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