Search found 50 matches
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 2:21 am
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: Chelation
- Replies: 4
- Views: 355
Chelation
I'm having trouble understanding what chelation is. What is chelation and how exactly does it play a role in coordination compounds?
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 2:06 am
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Determining Strong Acids
- Replies: 1
- Views: 197
Determining Strong Acids
When determining which molecules are more acidic, in what instances do you use electronegativity vs. atomic radius vs. resonance vs. induction?
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 1:52 am
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Simple explanation
- Replies: 1
- Views: 202
Re: Simple explanation
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals (s, p, etc.) to form a new set of orbitals (sp, sp2, etc.) An easy was of finding the hybridization of a molecule is by looking at the central atom and seeing how many region of electron density are surrounding the atom. Typically, an atom with ...
- Fri Dec 06, 2019 1:35 am
- Forum: Amphoteric Compounds
- Topic: Amphiprotic vs Amphoteric
- Replies: 5
- Views: 603
Re: Amphiprotic vs Amphoteric
An amphiprotic substance is a substance that is capable of both donating protons (hydrogen ions) and accepting them. A compound that is amphoteric has both acid and base character, thus, allowing it to act as either an acid or a base.
- Wed Dec 04, 2019 5:26 pm
- Forum: Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands
- Topic: COORDINATION COMPOUND FINAL REVIEW SESSION
- Replies: 1
- Views: 217
Re: COORDINATION COMPOUND FINAL REVIEW SESSION
I am currently at the review session named “Ionic/intermolecular forces, coordination compounds” from 5-6 and yes, the UA said that he wanted to just focus on intermolecular forces, which is unfortunate because it’s the only session on coordination compounds. I would recommend going to a step-up ses...
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 10:26 pm
- Forum: Dipole Moments
- Topic: Polar or nonpolar?
- Replies: 4
- Views: 9119
Re: Polar or nonpolar?
CH2BR2 is a polar molecule because its dipole moments do not cancel out so it has a non-zero net moment.
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 1:58 am
- Forum: Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids
- Topic: Bronsted vs. Lewis Acids and Bases
- Replies: 4
- Views: 317
Re: Bronsted vs. Lewis Acids and Bases
An easy way to think of it is that Bronsted acid/bases have to do with protons and Lewis acids/bases have to do with electron pairs. Bronsted acids are proton donors, while Bronsted bases are proton acceptors. Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors, while Lewis bases are electron pair donors.
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 1:46 am
- Forum: Conjugate Acids & Bases
- Topic: 6A.1) c)
- Replies: 2
- Views: 237
Re: 6A.1) c)
Because HCO3^- receives a proton (H+) from water, it serves as a proton acceptor and thus, acts as a base.
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 1:40 am
- Forum: Bronsted Acids & Bases
- Topic: Bronsted Acid and base
- Replies: 8
- Views: 520
Re: Bronsted Acid and base
A bronsted acid is a proton donor, so it loses H+. A bronsted base is proton acceptor, so it accepts H+.
- Fri Nov 29, 2019 1:34 am
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Sigma and Pi bonds
- Replies: 7
- Views: 527
Re: Sigma and Pi bonds
A single bond is one sigma, double bonds have one sigma and one pi, and triple bonds have one sigma and two pi. An example you can think about is CO2 where both oxygens are double bonded to carbon, so there would be two sigmas and two pis.
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 3:08 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: tetrahedral vs. trigonal pyramidal
- Replies: 4
- Views: 407
Re: tetrahedral vs. trigonal pyramidal
A molecule has a tetrahedral shape when the central atom is bonded to four atoms and has no lone pairs (bond angle is 109.5 degrees). A trigonal pyramidal molecule has a central atom that has one lone pair and is bonded to three atoms (the lone pair causes repulsion, causing the angle to be slightly...
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 1:53 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Which shape
- Replies: 6
- Views: 458
Re: Which shape
Nonpolar molecules have zero dipole moment while polar molecules have a nonzero dipole moment. CCl2H2 is polar because the difference in electronegativity between Cl and H are different which creates a difference in dipole moment between the central atom, making it nonzero.
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 1:41 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Boiling Points and IMF Strength
- Replies: 6
- Views: 483
Re: Boiling Points and IMF Strength
There is a connection between boiling points and IMF strength. The stronger the IMF, the more energy required to break the bond, thus, requiring more heat. In essence, the stronger the IMF interaction, the higher the boiling point.
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 1:38 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bent vs linear
- Replies: 56
- Views: 4389
Re: Bent vs linear
A linear molecule has an angle of 180 degrees because it is just a straight line between the three atoms. Bent molecules typically have a lone pair, causing repulsion between the bonded atoms, ultimately forming a smaller angle between the bonded atoms. AX2 and AX2E3 are both linear molecules, with ...
- Thu Nov 21, 2019 1:28 pm
- Forum: Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)
- Topic: Strongest force
- Replies: 6
- Views: 334
Re: Strongest force
The increasing strength of the intermolecular forces can be seen through: induced dipole-induced dipole < dipole-induced dipole < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bond (hydrogen bonding is a stronger form of dipole bonding because it requires a highly electronegative element (F, O, N) with hydrogen, therefo...
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 12:05 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: Bond Angles
- Replies: 6
- Views: 343
Bond Angles
What is an easy way to memorize/calculate bond angles of a molecule using the shape of their lewis structure?
- Fri Nov 15, 2019 12:02 am
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: structure ?
- Replies: 8
- Views: 479
Re: structure ?
Molecules with 2 bonded pairs will either form a linear and bent shaped molecule. When the central atom has no lone pairs and has equal bonds between its neighboring atoms that are the same, it will have a linear shape.
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 11:47 pm
- Forum: Determining Molecular Shape (VSEPR)
- Topic: ClO2+ shape
- Replies: 1
- Views: 185
Re: ClO2+ shape
ClO2+ is trigonal planar because there are two atoms, O, attached to the central atom, Cl. It is angular (also known as bent) because of the lone pair on Cl, which produces repulsion, resulting in a bent shape.
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 11:39 pm
- Forum: Electronegativity
- Topic: Increasing/Decreasing Electronegativity
- Replies: 14
- Views: 2889
Re: Increasing/Decreasing Electronegativity
Electronegativity increases from left to right and as you go up the periodic table, with fluorine being the most electronegative element. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons. These atoms have increasing electronegativity because they are closer to filling their valence s...
- Thu Nov 14, 2019 11:19 pm
- Forum: Hybridization
- Topic: Pi and Sigma Bonds
- Replies: 17
- Views: 1298
Re: Pi and Sigma Bonds
A single bond is one sigma. A double bond is one sigma and one pi. A triple bond is one sigma and two pi. As an example, think about CO2 where both oxygens are double bonded to carbon. In CO2, there are two sigmas and two pis.
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 1:39 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Shortcut for Formal Charge
- Replies: 19
- Views: 1719
Re: Shortcut for Formal Charge
A shortcut that I use to find formal charge is to find the amount of valence electrons an element has. Then you would draw the Lewis of the compound. To find the formal charge of an element, you would count each bond (essentially each line) as 1, and each lone pair (essentially each dot) as one, the...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 1:31 pm
- Forum: Formal Charge and Oxidation Numbers
- Topic: Do higher electronegativity atoms tend to draw more electrons to them?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 385
Re: Do higher electronegativity atoms tend to draw more electrons to them?
Yes, higher electronegative atoms tend to draw more electrons to them because the higher the electronegativity, the greater tendency the atom is to attract electrons. This is why electronegativity increases from left to right, and the higher it is on the periodic table (these atoms are usually close...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 1:25 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization energies
- Replies: 3
- Views: 244
Re: Ionization energies
The ionization of nitrogen is higher than that of oxygen because nitrogen has three of its 2-p subshells half-filled while oxygen has two unpaired electrons, making nitrogen more stable compared to oxygen. Because of this, it is easier to remove electrons from oxygen which means it has a lower ioniz...
- Thu Nov 07, 2019 1:14 pm
- Forum: Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals
- Topic: D Subshell
- Replies: 7
- Views: 755
Re: D Subshell
The maximum number of electrons in the d-shell is 10. For the d-shell, l=2 so the magnetic quantum numbers are -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2. This means there are 5 subshells and since 2 electrons can fit in each subshell, there can be a max of 10 electrons in the d-orbital.
- Tue Nov 05, 2019 4:56 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: converting J to kJ/mol
- Replies: 2
- Views: 9949
Re: converting J to kJ/mol
To convert 4.89x10^-17 J to kJ/mol, you would indeed multiply by 0.001 to convert fromJ to kJ, which would leave you with kJ. If you divide by avogardo's number, it would cancel out the kJ which would leave you with moles.
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 1:09 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Summary of Periodic Trends [ENDORSED]
- Replies: 2
- Views: 145
Summary of Periodic Trends [ENDORSED]
Can somebody give me a concise summary on the periodic trends, with which ones we need to memorize and the trends they follow on the periodic table?
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 12:48 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionization Energy
- Replies: 4
- Views: 246
Re: Ionization Energy
It is easier to tell which atom has the lowest ionization energy through periodic trends. Typically, ionization energy increases the higher the period and as you go from left to right on the periodic table.
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 12:24 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: 1F.5a
- Replies: 4
- Views: 169
Re: 1F.5a
Typically, ionization energy increases the higher the period and as you go from left to right on the periodic table. Na is in the 3s orbital, while Al is on the 3p orbital, which is why Al has a higher ionization energy.
- Wed Oct 30, 2019 12:02 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: reactivity
- Replies: 3
- Views: 116
Re: reactivity
S-blocks are typically more reactive than p-block metals as s-blocks are more on the left of the periodic table, meaning that the ionization of the s-block is lower. This is because as move across a period in the periodic table from left to right, ionization energy generally increases. Since the s-b...
- Tue Oct 29, 2019 7:24 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Ionic Raduis
- Replies: 3
- Views: 219
Re: Ionic Raduis
According to our textbook, ionic radius is the shared distance between neighboring ions in an ionic solid; atomic radius is half the distance between the centers of neighboring atoms. Generally, ionic radius and atomic radius do follow the same trends, in which as you go down a group and go from rig...
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 2:55 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: 1E. 7 Ground state vs. Excited State
- Replies: 2
- Views: 162
1E. 7 Ground state vs. Excited State
Question 1E.7 asks to determine whether each of the following electron configurations represents the ground state or an excited state of the atom given. The question gives diagrams of the four electron configurations. I was wondering how do you distinguish between a ground state and an excited state...
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 2:36 pm
- Forum: Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms
- Topic: Number of Valence Electrons
- Replies: 5
- Views: 363
Re: Number of Valence Electrons
There are 7 valence electrons in manganese, with 5 valence electrons coming from the 3d orbital (since the question asks you to include d electrons) and 2 valence electrons coming from the 4s orbital.
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 2:19 pm
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Electron Affinity
- Replies: 4
- Views: 263
Re: Electron Affinity
Correct, electron affinity is the energy released when an electron is added. Electron affinity fits the trend in which it increases as you go up and across the period on the periodic table because these atoms have a stronger attraction between the nucleus and its electrons, thus more energy is relea...
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 1:05 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Relationship between Electronegativity and Ionization Energy?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 966
Re: Relationship between Electronegativity and Ionization Energy?
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons. Electronegativity increases as you go up and across the period of the periodic table (fluorine is the most electronegative element). Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion....
- Fri Oct 25, 2019 12:51 am
- Forum: Trends in The Periodic Table
- Topic: Homework Question 1F.19
- Replies: 5
- Views: 299
Re: Homework Question 1F.19
S-blocks are typically more reactive than p-block metals because as you move across a period in the periodic table, ionization energy increases. The s-block is more on the left of the periodic table compared to p-blocks so the ionization energy of the s-block is lower, which means that it is easier ...
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 8:28 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: 1A. 15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 193
1A. 15
In the ultraviolet spectrum of atomic hydrogen, a line is observed at 102.6 nm. Determine the values of n for the initial and final energy levels of the electron during the emission of energy that leads to this spectral line. I was looking at the solution manual and had trouble interpreting how to g...
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 7:53 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Difference between photon vs particle
- Replies: 5
- Views: 589
Re: Difference between photon vs particle
Photons are considered particles of light and are unique in which they're both a particle and a wave. Therefore, between a photon and a particle, a photon would be more specific, as a particle is more vast, defined by it's small size and several physical/chemical properties.
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 7:42 pm
- Forum: Einstein Equation
- Topic: Joules units
- Replies: 6
- Views: 959
Re: Joules units
Joules in Planck's Constant can either be expressed by 6.626 x 10^-34 J.S. or 6.636 * 10^-34 kg*m^2*s^-1. Typically, choosing between 6.636 * 10^-34 kg*m^2*s^-1 and 6.626 x 10^-34 J.S. is situational, in which the one that would provide the easiest cancellations would be the best option to use.
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 6:39 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Difference between Quanta and photons?
- Replies: 6
- Views: 647
Re: Difference between Quanta and photons?
A quanta is the smallest possible measurement of something, typically energy; while a photon is a quantum measurement of light. The energy of a photon can be expressed in eV (electronvolt) and J (joule).
- Sat Oct 19, 2019 6:07 pm
- Forum: Properties of Light
- Topic: Unit Conversions
- Replies: 6
- Views: 331
Re: Unit Conversions
I typically make a conversion table, similar to the one I would use for a stoichiometry problem to make unit conversions. 1nm = 1x10^-9m, 1m= 1x10^12 1nm x ((1x10^-9m)/(1000nm)) x ((1m)/(1m)) = 1000 pm Thus, 1nm=1000pm Alternatively, when converting from nm to pm, you can move the decimal of the num...
- Fri Oct 11, 2019 11:39 pm
- Forum: Photoelectric Effect
- Topic: 1B. 21
- Replies: 2
- Views: 141
1B. 21
1B. 21 I am having trouble with how to approach this problem. A baseball must weigh between 5.00 and 5.25 ounces (1 ounce = 28.3 g). What is the wavelength of a 5.15-ounce base ball thrown at 92 mph?
- Fri Oct 11, 2019 10:57 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Fundamentals L35
- Replies: 5
- Views: 284
Re: Fundamentals L35
The T in the problems stands for metric tons.
1t=1000kg
1kg=1000g
Therefore, 1t= 1,000,000g.
1t=1000kg
1kg=1000g
Therefore, 1t= 1,000,000g.
- Fri Oct 11, 2019 10:45 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Conversion
- Replies: 3
- Views: 246
Re: Conversion
Yes, mmol (or milimole) does mean 10^-3 moles, or you can just move the decimal to the left by three to convert from moles to millimoles. When converting from moles to grams, you need to find the molar mass of the compound which will be in g*mol^-1. Using that, you would use mol/g*mol^-1 (moles woul...
- Fri Oct 11, 2019 10:32 pm
- Forum: Molarity, Solutions, Dilutions
- Topic: M1V1=M2V2
- Replies: 11
- Views: 87108
Re: M1V1=M2V2
M1= initial molarity V1= initial volume M2= final molarity V2= final volume M1V1=M2V2 is used to solve for the concentration or volume of the concentrated or dilute solution. Thus, you can use the formula M1V1=M2V2 when you are trying to solve from the initial molarity, initial volume, final molarit...
- Fri Oct 11, 2019 10:19 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: Fundamentals E17
- Replies: 2
- Views: 339
Re: Fundamentals E17
In a and b, convert the following given grams to moles by using the element's molar mass. In c, convert the following given atoms to moles by using Avogadro's number (6.022*10^23) a. 75g/114.82 g*mol^-1 = 0.65 mol In 80g/127.60 g*mol^-1 = 0.63 mol Te 0.65 mol In > 0.63 mol Te b. 15.0g/30.97 g*mol^-1...
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 9:43 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: avogadro number
- Replies: 7
- Views: 750
Re: avogadro number
Avogadro's constant is 6.0221 x 10^23 mol^-1. Avogadro's number is typically used to convert between number of moles and the # of atoms, ions, or molecules!
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 9:33 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: Fundamentals Practice Problem E3
- Replies: 3
- Views: 233
Re: Fundamentals Practice Problem E3
You need the illustration to answer the problem, and it will also help you conceptualize it! According to the question, the molar mass of astatine is triple to amount of gallium. The illustration shows 9 astatine and 9 gallium atoms. For Gallium, 9 x 70 g/mol = 630 g/mol. Therefore, to find how many...
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 9:04 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: E.7 Chemical Principle 7th edition
- Replies: 4
- Views: 298
Re: E.7 Chemical Principle 7th edition
The question is asking you to calculate the amount of carbon ATOMS in the molecule of DNA. To convert atoms into moles, you use Avogadro's number (6.022*10^23).
(2.1*10^9 atoms) * ((1molC)/(6.022*10^23 C)) = 3.5*10^-15 moles C
The amount of moles in carbon is 3.5 * 10^-15 moles C
(2.1*10^9 atoms) * ((1molC)/(6.022*10^23 C)) = 3.5*10^-15 moles C
The amount of moles in carbon is 3.5 * 10^-15 moles C
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 8:49 pm
- Forum: SI Units, Unit Conversions
- Topic: E.15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 189
Re: E.15
I also answered the same question here https://lavelle.chem.ucla.edu/forum/viewtopic.php?f=26&t=46183 ! First, you want to find the molar mass of (OH)2. O=2(15.9994)=31.9988 H=2(1.00795)= 2.01588 31.9988+2.01588= 34.01468, which is about 34.02 g*mol^-1 (this is what is used in the solution manua...
- Thu Oct 03, 2019 8:25 pm
- Forum: Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions
- Topic: E15
- Replies: 3
- Views: 954
Re: E15
1) First, you would have to calculate the molar mass of the (OH)2. O=2(15.9994)=31.9988 H=2(1.00795)= 2.01588 31.9988+2.01588= 34.01468, which is ~34.02 (seen in the solution manual). 2) Subtract the given molar mass of the metal hydroxide and the molar mass we calculated above. 74.10 g*mol^-1 - 34....