CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY

zachary_nhem_4I

Adding to Chris, a heme complex binds with a protein and oxygen to make a myoglobin, and four myoglobin make a hemoglobin.

zachary_nhem_4I

I believe amphiprotic relates to bronsted acids and bases

zachary_nhem_4I

I thought a heme complex had 4?

zachary_nhem_4I

Just a little trick for acids, most polyatomic ions that end in "ate", like nitrate and carbonate and sulfate, make strong acids (but not all)

zachary_nhem_4I

Here's a picture:

zachary_nhem_4I

a) sp
b) sp^2
c) sp^3
d) sp^3

zachary_nhem_4I

The contents within the bracket should be the "complex", which is a species consisting of a central metal atom or ion to which a number of molecule or ions are attached by coordinate covalent bonds.

zachary_nhem_4I

The longer the bond/the weaker the bond, the stronger the acid will be.

zachary_nhem_4I

Sigma bonds are stronger because the two orbitals overlap, as opposed to a pi bond where the two orbitals are side by side.

zachary_nhem_4I

I'm sure the number of sig figs would be the same as the concentration that is given

zachary_nhem_4I

No, an acid with a lower pKa will have a greater Ka value because a stronger acid (high Ka value) would be more acidic (lower pKa/pH value). It would then make sense that for bases, the lower the Ka value the higher the pKa value.

zachary_nhem_4I

I'm sure knowing the key words in the textbook would help (ligand, Bronsted-Lowry Theory, Deprotonated, Conjugate Acid, Conjugate Base, etc.)

zachary_nhem_4I

I would just count the amount of bonds and from there write down the orbital that corresponds to it. For example, if there were three bonds, the hybridization would be sp^2 (there is one s orbital and 2 p for a total of 3)

zachary_nhem_4I

A sigma bond is cylindrically symmetric with no nodal planes and contains an internuclear axis, while a pi bond has a single nodal plane and contains the internuclear axis.

zachary_nhem_4I

A ligand is an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.

zachary_nhem_4I

Hybridization is the idea that atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties.

zachary_nhem_4I

A ligand is an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.

zachary_nhem_4I

Yes, that's how our TA taught us to do it!

zachary_nhem_4I

A Bronsted acid is a proton donor and a Bronsted base is a proton acceptor, while a Lewis base is an electron acceptor, while a Lewis base is an electron donor. (Bronsted refers to protons while Lewis refers to electrons)

zachary_nhem_4I

A ligand is an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.

zachary_nhem_4I

Angles are based off of the amount of areas of high electron density, as well as whether these areas are bonds or lone pairs. There is a chart you can find on google images that specifies bond angles based off of VSEPR equations. And technically the names of the shape come from the VSEPR model, so y...

zachary_nhem_4I

Because there is a lone pair that acts as an area of high electron density, thus, affecting the shape of and polarity of the molecule.

zachary_nhem_4I

This occurs because some elements are able to have an expanded octet. This occurs when the valence shell has enough orbitals to accommodate for the additional electrons.

zachary_nhem_4I

yes, a dipole moment is a measurement of the separation of two opposite electrical charges.

zachary_nhem_4I

I'm pretty sure you just say that it has two different shapes (one for each central atom)

zachary_nhem_4I

The strengths of repulsions are in the order lone pair - lone pair > lone pair - atom > atom -atom

zachary_nhem_4I

An anion will be highly polarizable if its large, such as an iodine ion. A cation will have a high polarizing power if it is small and highly charged such as Al3+ (From the textbook).

zachary_nhem_4I

CO, because the oxygen will give a lone pair of electrons to fulfill the octet of both atoms.

zachary_nhem_4I

Although certain atoms can either have an octet or an expanded octet, I'm pretty sure they can only have one or the other at a given time.

zachary_nhem_4I

Yes, the length would be a value in between (the average) the amount of double and single bonds within that particular bond.

zachary_nhem_4I

According to the VSPER theory, lone pair electrons will repel each other, therefore, pushing other atoms in specific angles.

zachary_nhem_4I

Wouldn't you just look at formal charges?

zachary_nhem_4I

Effective nuclear charge is the net nuclear charge after taking into account the shielding caused by other electrons in the atom.

zachary_nhem_4I

There are some energy levels that don't have certain orbitals. For example, for part b, the f block (l=3) exists within the 6th energy level (n=6), as a result, n = 3, l = 3, ml = 1, ms = -1/2 does not exist.

zachary_nhem_4I

Our TA said to try to draw lewis structures with as many bond with a formal charge of 0 (especially on the central element)

zachary_nhem_4I

I don't believe so. The textbook should cover everything though.

zachary_nhem_4I

Resonance structures are a set of two or more Lewis Structures that collectively describe the electronic bonding a single polyatomic species including fractional bonds and fractional charges

zachary_nhem_4I

Q: What kind of fish is made out of 2 sodium atoms?
A: 2 Na

zachary_nhem_4I

I believe we just have to recognize trends, as opposed to memorizing actual numbers.

zachary_nhem_4I

a) 7 values (0,1,2,3,4,5,6)
b) 5 values (-2,-1,0,1,2)
c) 3 values (-1,0,1)
d) 4 subshells: 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

zachary_nhem_4I

More electrons leads to shorter bonds while less electrons means less of an attraction

zachary_nhem_4I

Anions refer to elements that gain electrons and cations are elements that lose electrons

zachary_nhem_4I

The Lyman series involves an electron that jumps to or from the ground state (n=1), and the Balmer series involves an electron that jumps to or from the n=2 energy level. The Lyman series corresponds to ultraviolet rays while I believe the Balmer series corresponds to visible rays.

zachary_nhem_4I

1 mHz = 1000000 Hz

zachary_nhem_4I

It's Planck's constant (h)

zachary_nhem_4I

My TA told us that we have to memorize it. I believe a wave that is 8.8 nm is in the x-ray region.

zachary_nhem_4I

The theoretical yield is always a percentage so multiplying by 100 will always be required.

zachary_nhem_4I

A black body is a surface or object that absorbs all wavelengths of light/doesn't reflect any light. I believe Dr. Lavelle said that there aren't any objects with true blackbody characteristics, and therefore, we aren't going to learn much about them in this class.

zachary_nhem_4I

The IUPAC Periodic table is the one we used on the test and I believe it goes to three our four decimal places

zachary_nhem_4I

a) 1
b) 5
c) 3
d) 7

zachary_nhem_4I

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 mv^2

zachary_nhem_4I

a) 3
b) 5
c) 1
d) 7

zachary_nhem_4I

2 C11H18N2O5 + 17 O2 $\rightarrow$ 22 CO2 + 18 H2 +2 N2

zachary_nhem_4I

Our TA said that all of the problems are free response, as we are essential doing very similar problems as the ones given on our homework.

zachary_nhem_4I

Besides Crash Course, Khan Academy, and Tyler DeWitt, Melissa Maribel does a good job at explaining both high school and college chemistry topics.

zachary_nhem_4I

If the question wants the final answer in milliliters, then there is no need to convert anything into liters. However, if the measurement is given in liters, the you would need to convert that into milliliters by using the conversion: 1 milliliter=0.001 liters.

zachary_nhem_4I

I'm not entirely sure, but I think it follows an order outlined by the Hill system. Essentially, an individual most list carbon atoms first, then hydrogen, and finally any other elements are arranged alphabetically.

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